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  1. Article ; Online: Sleep, rhythms, and food intake: Mechanistic insights.

    Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Grandner, Michael A

    Sleep medicine reviews

    2023  Volume 69, Page(s) 101791

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sleep ; Circadian Rhythm ; Eating
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1414211-9
    ISSN 1532-2955 ; 1087-0792
    ISSN (online) 1532-2955
    ISSN 1087-0792
    DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101791
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Sleep, Dreams, and Nightmares During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Grandner, Michael A

    American journal of health promotion : AJHP

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 1168–1173

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sleep and dreams of many individuals. Some have experienced improvements, while others have had more complaints. The changes to daily life such as working from home and spending more time indoors in confinement may ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sleep and dreams of many individuals. Some have experienced improvements, while others have had more complaints. The changes to daily life such as working from home and spending more time indoors in confinement may have disturbed the circadian rhythms of some individuals. There were many reports of a shift towards a later bedtime during the pandemic, with several studies showing that in general, females experienced worse sleep than males, including more nighttime awakenings and nightmares. Increased dream and nightmare frequency during the pandemic has been shown in multiple studies. It has been postulated that because dreams are often guided by the dominant emotional state, that dreams and nightmares related to pandemic themes are a result of specific stressors related to COVID-19. Those experiencing unwanted sleep disturbances and nightmares could stand to benefit from mindfulness and relaxation practices that can ease stress and anxiety before bedtime. Striving to maintain a regular sleep schedule and enhance exposure to daylight-particularly during the first half of the day-may also be helpful.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Dreams ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sleep
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 645160-3
    ISSN 2168-6602 ; 0890-1171
    ISSN (online) 2168-6602
    ISSN 0890-1171
    DOI 10.1177/08901171211055312
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A randomized, sham-controlled trial of a novel near-infrared phototherapy device on sleep and daytime function.

    Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Wills, Chloe C A / Holt, Catie / Grandner, Michael A

    Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) 1669–1675

    Abstract: ... https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05116358; Identifier: NCT05116358.: Citation: Kennedy KER ...

    Abstract Study objectives: Near-infrared light exhibits several therapeutic properties, but little is known about the benefits to sleep and daytime function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of red and near-infrared exposure before bed on sleep and next-day function.
    Methods: Thirty adults (30-60 y) with a self-reported sleep complaint but without a sleep disorder participated in a randomized, sham-controlled study for a duration of 5 weeks. After a 2-week baseline period, participants wore either a cervical red light/near-infrared-emitting collar (combined: 660 nm, 740 nm, 810 nm, and 870 nm) or sham device every other night before bed for 3 weeks. Sleep was measured using actigraphy and sleep diaries. Mood and performance were assessed using weekly self-reported surveys and debrief interviews.
    Results: Objective sleep parameters, as measured by actigraphy, did not differ between the active or sham groups, but improved self-reported sleep, as well as perceived improvements in relaxation and mood, were observed among active but not sham users. Both active and sham users improved in Insomnia Severity Index score by the end of the trial.
    Conclusions: Red and near-infrared exposure to the head and neck before bed may offer potential therapeutic benefits to sleep and daytime function, but further work needs to be done to determine optimal dose parameters, wavelengths, and milliwatt power level.
    Clinical trial registration: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Phase II Study-Trial of a Phototherapy Light Device to Improve Sleep Health (PHOTONS); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05116358; Identifier: NCT05116358.
    Citation: Kennedy KER, Wills CCA, Holt C, Grandner MA. A randomized, sham-controlled trial of a novel near-infrared phototherapy device on sleep and daytime function.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Sleep ; Phototherapy ; Light ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2397213-0
    ISSN 1550-9397 ; 1550-9389
    ISSN (online) 1550-9397
    ISSN 1550-9389
    DOI 10.5664/jcsm.10648
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  4. Article ; Online: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Polyphenol Botanical Blend on Sleep and Daytime Functioning.

    Tubbs, Andrew S / Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Alfonso-Miller, Pamela / Wills, Chloe C A / Grandner, Michael A

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 6

    Abstract: Despite the high prevalence of subclinical sleep disturbances, existing treatments are either potent prescription medications or over-the-counter supplements with minimal scientific support and numerous side effects. However, preliminary evidence shows ... ...

    Abstract Despite the high prevalence of subclinical sleep disturbances, existing treatments are either potent prescription medications or over-the-counter supplements with minimal scientific support and numerous side effects. However, preliminary evidence shows that polyphenols such as rosmarinic acid and epigallocatechin gallate can support healthy sleep without significant side effects. Therefore, the present study examined whether a polyphenol botanical blend (PBB) could improve sleep and/or daytime functioning in individuals with subclinical sleep disturbances. A total of 89 individuals completed a double-blind, randomized trial of daily treatment with PBB (
    MeSH term(s) Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Polyphenols ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Polyphenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1660-4601
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph18063044
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  5. Article ; Online: Nightmare content during the COVID-19 pandemic: Influence of COVID-related stress and sleep disruption in the United States.

    Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Bastien, Célyne H / Ruby, Perrine M / Killgore, William D S / Wills, Chloe C A / Grandner, Michael A

    Journal of sleep research

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) e13439

    Abstract: Nightmares are often associated with psychiatric disorders and acute stress. This study explores how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the content of nightmares. A sample of N = 419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Nightmares are often associated with psychiatric disorders and acute stress. This study explores how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the content of nightmares. A sample of N = 419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID-19 experiences. Participants were asked about the degree to which they agreed with statements linking greater general stress, worse overall sleep and more middle-of-the-night insomnia with the COVID-19 pandemic. They were also asked if, during the pandemic, they experienced nightmares related to various themes. Logistic regression analyses examined each nightmare content as outcome and increased stress, worse sleep and more middle-of-the-night insomnia as predictors, adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Those who reported greater general COVID-related stress were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, failure, helplessness, anxiety, war, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. Those who reported worsened sleep were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, oppression, failure, helplessness, disaster, anxiety, evil forces, war, domestic abuse, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. Those who reported worsened middle-of-the-night insomnia were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, oppression, failure, helplessness, disaster, anxiety, war, domestic abuse, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. These results suggest that increased pandemic-related stress may induce negatively-toned dreams of specific themes. Future investigation might determine whether (and when) this symptom indicates an emotion regulation mechanism at play, or the failure of such a mechanism.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Dreams ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sleep ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1122722-9
    ISSN 1365-2869 ; 0962-1105
    ISSN (online) 1365-2869
    ISSN 0962-1105
    DOI 10.1111/jsr.13439
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  6. Article ; Online: Temporal dynamics and drivers of durable HIV viral load suppression and persistent high- and low-level viraemia during Universal Test and Treat scale-up in Uganda: a population-based study.

    Rosen, Joseph Gregory / Ssekubugu, Robert / Chang, Larry W / Ssempijja, Victor / Galiwango, Ronald M / Ssekasanvu, Joseph / Ndyanabo, Anthony / Kisakye, Alice / Nakigozi, Gertrude / Rucinski, Katherine B / Patel, Eshan U / Kennedy, Caitlin E / Nalugoda, Fred / Kigozi, Godfrey / Ratmann, Oliver / Nelson, Lisa J / Mills, Lisa A / Kabatesi, Donna / Tobian, Aaron A R /
    Quinn, Thomas C / Kagaayi, Joseph / Reynolds, Steven J / Grabowski, Mary Kathryn

    Journal of the International AIDS Society

    2024  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) e26200

    Abstract: ... Individual virologic outcomes were assessed over two consecutive RCCS survey visits (i.e. visit-pairs; ∼18 ...

    Abstract Introduction: Population-level data on durable HIV viral load suppression (VLS) following the implementation of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) in Africa are limited. We assessed trends in durable VLS and viraemia among persons living with HIV in 40 Ugandan communities during the UTT scale-up.
    Methods: In 2015-2020, we measured VLS (<200 RNA copies/ml) among participants in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a longitudinal population-based HIV surveillance cohort in southern Uganda. Persons with unsuppressed viral loads were characterized as having low-level (200-999 copies/ml) or high-level (≥1000 copies/ml) viraemia. Individual virologic outcomes were assessed over two consecutive RCCS survey visits (i.e. visit-pairs; ∼18-month visit intervals) and classified as durable VLS (<200 copies/ml at both visits), new/renewed VLS (<200 copies/ml at follow-up only), viral rebound (<200 copies/ml at initial visit only) or persistent viraemia (≥200 copies/ml at both visits). Population prevalence of each outcome was assessed over calendar time. Community-level prevalence and individual-level predictors of persistent high-level viraemia were also assessed using multivariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations.
    Results: Overall, 3080 participants contributed 4604 visit-pairs over three survey rounds. Most visit-pairs (72.4%) exhibited durable VLS, with few (2.5%) experiencing viral rebound. Among those with any viraemia at the initial visit (23.5%, n = 1083), 46.9% remained viraemic through follow-up, 91.3% of which was high-level viraemia. One-fifth (20.8%) of visit-pairs exhibiting persistent high-level viraemia self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) use for ≥12 months. Prevalence of persistent high-level viraemia varied substantially across communities and was significantly elevated among young persons aged 15-29 years (vs. 40- to 49-year-olds; adjusted risk ratio [adjRR] = 2.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.21-3.96), males (vs. females; adjRR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.87-3.07), persons reporting inconsistent condom use with non-marital/casual partners (vs. persons with marital/permanent partners only; adjRR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10-1.74) and persons reporting hazardous alcohol use (adjRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16). The prevalence of persistent high-level viraemia was highest among males <30 years (32.0%).
    Conclusions: Following universal ART provision, most persons living with HIV in south-central Uganda are durably suppressed. Among persons exhibiting any viraemia, nearly half exhibited high-level viraemia for ≥12 months and reported higher-risk behaviours associated with onward HIV transmission. Intensified efforts linking individuals to HIV treatment services could accelerate momentum towards HIV epidemic control.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Viral Load ; Viremia/diagnosis ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Viremia/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2467110-1
    ISSN 1758-2652 ; 1758-2652
    ISSN (online) 1758-2652
    ISSN 1758-2652
    DOI 10.1002/jia2.26200
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  7. Article ; Online: Awareness and outcomes of the fruits and veggies (FNV) campaign to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among targeted audiences in California and Virginia: a cross-sectional study.

    Englund, Tessa R / Hedrick, Valisa E / Patiño, Sofía Rincón-Gallardo / Kennedy, Lauren E / Hosig, Kathryn W / Serrano, Elena L / Kraak, Vivica I

    BMC public health

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1100

    Abstract: Background: In 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign to apply a unique industry-inspired marketing approach to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two US pilot ... ...

    Abstract Background: In 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign to apply a unique industry-inspired marketing approach to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two US pilot markets: Fresno, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to: 1) assess brand awareness and fruit- and vegetable-related outcomes among FNV Campaign target audiences in the California and Virginia market locations; and 2) examine whether reported awareness of the FNV Campaign was associated with differences in fruit- and vegetable-related cognitive and behavioral outcomes.
    Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using an online survey administered to a non-probability convenience sample (n = 1604; February-July 2017) of youth aged 14-20 years (n = 744) and moms aged 21-36 years (n = 860) in the two pilot markets. Descriptive statistics were computed and outcomes compared between unaware and aware respondents, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to assess whether fruit- and vegetable-related attitude, belief, and encouragement outcomes differed by FNV Campaign awareness; logistic regression was used to examine associations between FNV brand awareness and dichotomous variables (fruit- and vegetable-related behavioral intentions, trying new fruits and vegetables); and ANCOVA was used to assess associations with daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency.
    Results: Approximately 20% (n = 315/1604) of respondents reported awareness of the FNV Campaign. Youth that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 167, 22.4%) had higher intentions to buy (p = 0.003) and eat (p = 0.009) fruits and vegetables than unaware respondents. Mothers that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 148, 17.2%) reported greater encouragement for friends and family to eat fruits and vegetables (p = 0.013) and were approximately 1.5 times more likely to report trying a new fruit or vegetable (p = 0.04) than mothers unaware of the Campaign. Daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency did not differ by Campaign awareness.
    Conclusions: FNV Campaign awareness was associated with limited but positive short- and intermediate-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes among target audience respondents. These findings can inform future research to enhance understanding and improve the FNV Campaign as it is expanded to new markets nationwide.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; California ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Vegetables ; Virginia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-021-11055-6
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  8. Article ; Online: Menstrual regularity and bleeding is associated with sleep duration, sleep quality and fatigue in a community sample.

    Kennedy, Kathryn E R / Onyeonwu, Chidera / Nowakowski, Sara / Hale, Lauren / Branas, Charles C / Killgore, William D S / Wills, Chloe C A / Grandner, Michael A

    Journal of sleep research

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) e13434

    Abstract: Female menstrual health and its relationship with sleep is an understudied subject. The aim of this investigation was to determine the association between the two in a community sample. Data were obtained from n = 579 menstruating females who ... ...

    Abstract Female menstrual health and its relationship with sleep is an understudied subject. The aim of this investigation was to determine the association between the two in a community sample. Data were obtained from n = 579 menstruating females who participated in the Sleep and Health Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study, a community-based sample of adults aged 22-60 years. Participants were asked, "How regular is your period?", with response choices of "very regular", "mostly regular", "fairly regular" and "not regular". They were also asked, "How much bleeding do you usually experience during your period?" Response choices were: "very heavy", "heavy", "medium", "light" or "very light". These were evaluated as ordinal outcomes. Sleep-related predictors included sleep duration (in hr; ≤ 6 [short], 7-9 [normal] and ≥ 9 [long]), Insomnia Severity Index score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and Fatigue Severity Scale score. Covariates included age, education, income, race/ethnicity and body mass index. Short sleep duration was associated with heavier bleeding (odds ratio = 1.46, p = 0.026) and greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.44, p = 0.031) as compared with normal sleep. Higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was associated with greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.05, p = 0.022). Higher Fatigue Severity Scale score was associated with heavier bleeding (odds ratio = 1.02, p = 0.003) and greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.02, p = 0.008). Long sleep, Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were not associated with either outcome. These results demonstrate an association between short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, fatigue, stress and depression with heavier bleeding and menstrual cycle irregularity, highlighting the need for further studies to improve treatment options.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Fatigue/diagnosis ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Fatigue/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/diagnosis ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology ; Sleep Quality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1122722-9
    ISSN 1365-2869 ; 0962-1105
    ISSN (online) 1365-2869
    ISSN 0962-1105
    DOI 10.1111/jsr.13434
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  9. Article ; Online: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Polyphenol Botanical Blend on Sleep and Daytime Functioning

    Andrew S. Tubbs / Kathryn E. R. Kennedy / Pamela Alfonso-Miller / Chloe C. A. Wills / Michael A. Grandner

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3044, p

    2021  Volume 3044

    Abstract: Despite the high prevalence of subclinical sleep disturbances, existing treatments are either potent prescription medications or over-the-counter supplements with minimal scientific support and numerous side effects. However, preliminary evidence shows ... ...

    Abstract Despite the high prevalence of subclinical sleep disturbances, existing treatments are either potent prescription medications or over-the-counter supplements with minimal scientific support and numerous side effects. However, preliminary evidence shows that polyphenols such as rosmarinic acid and epigallocatechin gallate can support healthy sleep without significant side effects. Therefore, the present study examined whether a polyphenol botanical blend (PBB) could improve sleep and/or daytime functioning in individuals with subclinical sleep disturbances. A total of 89 individuals completed a double-blind, randomized trial of daily treatment with PBB ( n = 43) or placebo ( n = 46) 30 min before bed for 30 days. Participants were monitored for changes in sleep (by sleep diary and an activity tracker), mood, and neurocognitive functioning. After 30 days, PBB improved diary sleep quality ( p = 0.008) and reduced insomnia severity ( p = 0.044) when compared to placebo. No other changes in sleep outcomes were observed. Additionally, PBB did not impair neurocognitive functioning, and some improvement was noted in vigilant attention, working memory, and risk assessment. Among individuals with subclinical sleep disturbances, PBB improved sleep quality, insomnia severity, and neurocognitive functioning over placebo. These findings indicate that polyphenol compounds may be useful for improving certain aspects of sleep without compromising neurocognitive functioning.
    Keywords nutrition ; sleep quality ; polyphenol ; cognition ; dietary supplement ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Shifts in predator behaviour following climate induced disturbance on coral reefs.

    Rotjan, Randi D / Ray, Nicholas E / Cole, Ingrid / Castro, Kurt G / Kennedy, Brian R C / Barbasch, Tina / Lesneski, Kathryn C / Lord, Karina Scavo / Bhardwaj, Anjali / Edens, Madeleine / Karageorge, Ioanna / Klawon, Caitlynn / Kruh-Needleman, Hallie / McCarthy, Gretchen / Perez, Raziel / Roberts, Christopher / Trumble, Isabela F / Volk, Aryanna / Torres, Javon /
    Morey, Joshua

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2022  Volume 289, Issue 1989, Page(s) 20221431

    Abstract: Coral reefs are increasingly ecologically destabilized across the globe due to climate change. Behavioural plasticity in corallivore behaviour and short-term trophic ecology in response to bleaching events may influence the extent and severity of coral ... ...

    Abstract Coral reefs are increasingly ecologically destabilized across the globe due to climate change. Behavioural plasticity in corallivore behaviour and short-term trophic ecology in response to bleaching events may influence the extent and severity of coral bleaching and subsequent recovery potential, yet our understanding of these interactions
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Coral Reefs ; Ecosystem ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Climate Change ; Belize
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2022.1431
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