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  1. Article ; Online: Update in diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Wang, Chih-Ying / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Tzu chi medical journal

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 306–311

    Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a lack of structural or biochemical abnormalities. The current diagnosis of IBS is based on the Rome IV criteria, and it is recommended to approach IBS patients ... ...

    Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a lack of structural or biochemical abnormalities. The current diagnosis of IBS is based on the Rome IV criteria, and it is recommended to approach IBS patients using a multidimensional clinical profile (MDCP). The pathophysiology of IBS is multifactorial and involves motility disorders, genetic factors, immune responses, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut dysregulation, and altered intestinal microbiota. The management of IBS includes both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. Nonpharmacologic therapy options include physical activity, low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol diet, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. Pharmacologic therapy options include probiotics, antidepressants, antispasmodics, and new agents. In clinical practice, a multidisciplinary strategy, including nonpharmacologic or/and pharmacologic treatment for IBS, is emphasized. Therefore, clinicians should carefully consider the underlying pathophysiology before selecting an appropriate therapeutic option for the treatment of IBS. In other words, individualized treatment plans are necessary for managing IBS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-22
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452925-4
    ISSN 2223-8956 ; 2223-8956
    ISSN (online) 2223-8956
    ISSN 2223-8956
    DOI 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_104_23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The role of hepatic reserve in the mortality of cirrhotic patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma receiving radiofrequency ablation.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Medicine

    2022  Volume 101, Issue 40, Page(s) e30918

    Abstract: Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered a curative treatment for early stage small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the long-term prognosis is suboptimal. The major complications in cirrhotic patients are usually related to poor prognosis and ...

    Abstract Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered a curative treatment for early stage small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the long-term prognosis is suboptimal. The major complications in cirrhotic patients are usually related to poor prognosis and include esophageal variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of liver reserve on mortality after RFA for early stage HCC among cirrhotic patients, according to the presence of the number of complications. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was used to identify 2389 cirrhotic patients with treatment-naïve HCC (<3 cm) undergoing RFA hospitalized between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. Of these, 594 patients had concurrent or a history of cirrhotic-related complications. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates in the cirrhotic patients with complications were 78.5% and 39.8%, respectively, and those in the patients without complications were 92.7% and 65.9% (P < .001), respectively. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.04, P < .001) and cirrhotic-related complications (HR 2.65, 95% CI 2.22-3.16, P < .001) significantly increased 3-year mortality. The HR of mortality in patients with 1, 2, or 3 complications compared to those without complications were 2.35 (95% CI 1.92-2.88), 3.27 (95% CI 2.48-4.30), and 4.63 (95% CI 2.82-7.62), respectively (all P < .001). In cirrhotic patients with early stage HCC undergoing RFA, poor liver reserve correlates with poor outcome. The presence or history of three cirrhotic-related complications increased 3-year mortality 4-fold.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/complications ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000030918
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effect of hypoalbuminemia on mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Ko, Ping-Hung / Wang, Chih-Ying / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Tzu chi medical journal

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 92–97

    Abstract: Objectives: The impact of hypoalbuminemia on the short-term and long-term mortality of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), both with and without renal function impairment, remains insufficiently elucidated based on ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The impact of hypoalbuminemia on the short-term and long-term mortality of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), both with and without renal function impairment, remains insufficiently elucidated based on population-based data.
    Materials and methods: We retrieved data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database encompassing 14,583 hospitalized patients diagnosed with both cirrhosis and SBP during the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013. Prognostic factors influencing 30-day and 3-year survival were computed. Furthermore, the impact of hypoalbuminemia on the mortality rate among SBP patients, with or without concurrent renal function impairment, was also assessed.
    Results: The 30-day mortality rates for patients with SBP, comparing those with hypoalbuminemia and those without, were 18.3% and 29.4%, respectively (
    Conclusion: Among cirrhotic patients with SBP, the presence of hypoalbuminemia predicts inferior short-term and long-term outcomes, regardless of renal function.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452925-4
    ISSN 2223-8956 ; 2223-8956
    ISSN (online) 2223-8956
    ISSN 2223-8956
    DOI 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_211_23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Prognostic factors of cirrhotic patients with invasive fungal infections.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Ko, Ping-Hung / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Wang, Chih-Ying / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Medicine

    2023  Volume 102, Issue 43, Page(s) e35737

    Abstract: Fungal infection (FI) is a life-threatening condition in cirrhotic patients. However, a population-based study is required to determine the short-term mortality of these patients. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was used to enroll 1214 ... ...

    Abstract Fungal infection (FI) is a life-threatening condition in cirrhotic patients. However, a population-based study is required to determine the short-term mortality of these patients. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was used to enroll 1214 cirrhotic patients with FIs who were hospitalized between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. Among them, 165 were diagnosed with invasive FIs. The overall 30-day and 90-day mortality rates for patients with invasive FIs were 25.7% and 49.9%, respectively (P < .001). After adjusting for sex, age, and other comorbidities, the following 90-day mortality prognostic factors were statistically different: renal function impairment (hazard ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-3.70, P = .034), concurrent with bacterial infections (hazard ratio = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.07-2.88, P = .027). Half of the cirrhotic patients died within 90-daysdue to invasive FIs, highlighting the importance of renal function impairment and concurrent with bacterial infections as an important prognostic factor.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Prognosis ; Comorbidity ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency ; Invasive Fungal Infections ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000035737
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Prognosis of hypoglycemia episode in cirrhotic patients during hospitalization.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Tseng, Chih-Wei / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    BMC gastroenterology

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 319

    Abstract: Background: Studies have shown that hyperglycemia in cirrhotic patients increases mortality. However, no population-based study has evaluated the influence of hypoglycemia upon hospital admission on death in these patients. The aim of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Studies have shown that hyperglycemia in cirrhotic patients increases mortality. However, no population-based study has evaluated the influence of hypoglycemia upon hospital admission on death in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hypoglycemia at admission on the mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis.
    Methods: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was searched, and 636 cirrhotic patients without baseline diabetes mellitus who presented with hypoglycemia upon hospitalized from 2010 to 2013 were included in the study. A one-to-four propensity score matching was performed to select a comparison group based on age, sex and comorbidities.
    Results: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 30.2% in the hypoglycemia group and 7.4% in the non-hypoglycemia group (P < 0.001). After Cox regression modeling adjusting for age, sex and comorbid disorders, cirrhotic patients with hypoglycemia had a hazard ratio (HR) of 30-day mortality of 4.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.05-6.08, P < 0.001) as compared to the non-hypoglycemia group. In subgroup analysis, the cirrhotic patients with hypoglycemia and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had a 30-day mortality HR of 6.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.40-8.49, P < 0.001) compared to those with neither hypoglycemia nor HCC.
    Conclusions: Hypoglycemia is a very important prognostic factor in the 30-day mortality of cirrhotic patients, especially in those with underlying HCC.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/complications ; Hypoglycemia/epidemiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Neoplasms/complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Taiwan/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-230X
    ISSN (online) 1471-230X
    DOI 10.1186/s12876-021-01895-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Effects of poor hepatic reserve in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections

    Tsung-Hsing Hung / Chih-Chun Tsai / Hsing-Feng Lee

    Tzu-Chi Medical Journal, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 47-

    A population-based study

    2020  Volume 52

    Abstract: Objective: Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and esophageal variceal bleeding are major complications associated with cirrhosis. The presence of these complications indicates poor hepatic reserve. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and esophageal variceal bleeding are major complications associated with cirrhosis. The presence of these complications indicates poor hepatic reserve. This study aimed to identify the effects of poor hepatic reserve on mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was used to identify 43,042 cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections hospitalized between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, after propensity score matching analysis. Of these, 21,521 cirrhotic patients had major cirrhotic-related complications and were considered to have poor hepatic reserve. Results: Mortality rates at 30 and 90 days were 24.2% and 39.5% in the poor hepatic reserve group and 12.8% and 21.7% in the good hepatic reserve group, respectively (P < 0.001 for each group). The cirrhotic patients with poor hepatic reserve (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.03–2.18; P < 0.001) had significantly increased mortality at 90 days. The mortality HRs in patients with one, two, and three or more complications compared to patients without complications were 1.92 (95% CI = 1.85–1.99, P < 0.001), 2.61 (95% CI = 2.47–2.77, P < 0.001), and 3.81 (95% CI = 3.18–4.57, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections, poor hepatic reserve is associated with a poor prognosis. The presence of three or more cirrhotic-related complications increases mortality almost four folds.
    Keywords bacterial infections ; complications ; liver cirrhosis ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Effects of poor hepatic reserve in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections: A population-based study.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Ci ji yi xue za zhi = Tzu-chi medical journal

    2019  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–52

    Abstract: Objective: Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and esophageal variceal bleeding are major complications associated with cirrhosis. The presence of these complications indicates poor hepatic reserve. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and esophageal variceal bleeding are major complications associated with cirrhosis. The presence of these complications indicates poor hepatic reserve. This study aimed to identify the effects of poor hepatic reserve on mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections.
    Patients and methods: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was used to identify 43,042 cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections hospitalized between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, after propensity score matching analysis. Of these, 21,521 cirrhotic patients had major cirrhotic-related complications and were considered to have poor hepatic reserve.
    Results: Mortality rates at 30 and 90 days were 24.2% and 39.5% in the poor hepatic reserve group and 12.8% and 21.7% in the good hepatic reserve group, respectively (
    Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections, poor hepatic reserve is associated with a poor prognosis. The presence of three or more cirrhotic-related complications increases mortality almost four folds.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-18
    Publishing country China (Republic : 1949- )
    Document type Journal Article
    DOI 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_142_18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Statin use in cirrhotic patients with infectious diseases: A population-based study.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e0215839

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies have shown benefits of statins in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unknown if statins have a beneficial effect on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections.: Methods: The Taiwan ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown benefits of statins in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unknown if statins have a beneficial effect on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections.
    Methods: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was searched, and 816 cirrhotic patients receiving statins with bacterial infections hospitalized between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013 were included in the study. A one-to-four propensity score matching was performed to select a comparison group based on age, sex, and comorbid disorders.
    Results: The overall 30-day mortalities in statin and non-statin group were 5.3% and 9.8%, respectively (P = 0.001). After Cox regression modeling adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid disorders, the hazard ratio (HR) of statin use on 30-day mortality was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.72, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, the 30-day mortality effect of statin use was more pronounced in patients with pneumonia (HR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.19-0.59; P<0.001) and bacteremia (HR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35-0.85; P = 0.008). Atovastatin (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.93) and rosuvastatin (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.98) were associated with a decreased 30-day mortality risk compared to patients not taking statins.
    Conclusions: Statin use decreases the 30-day mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia and pneumonia.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Communicable Diseases/complications ; Communicable Diseases/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis/mortality ; Male ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0215839
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Population-based study of Entecavir and long-term mortality in chronic hepatitis B-related decompensated liver cirrhosis.

    Hung, Tsung-Hsing / Tsai, Chih-Chun / Lee, Hsing-Feng

    Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology

    2019  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 694–699

    Abstract: Background and aims: We lack population-based studies that identify the role of entecavir (ETV) in extending long-term survival in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related decompensated liver cirrhotic patients. Since 2010, National Health Insurance in Taiwan ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: We lack population-based studies that identify the role of entecavir (ETV) in extending long-term survival in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related decompensated liver cirrhotic patients. Since 2010, National Health Insurance in Taiwan has covered long-term medical payment for antiviral therapy in CHB-related cirrhotic patients whose HBV DNA is ≥ 2000 IU/mL. We studied the effect of ETV on the mortality of CHB-related decompensated cirrhosis patients compared with patients who did not receive antiviral agents at baseline.
    Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we collected 758 CHB-related decompensated cirrhosis patients with elevated viral loads (HBV DNA ≥ 2000  IU/mL) using ETV and discharged between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013. The comparison group consisted of 1516 selected CHB-related decompensated cirrhotic patients without antiviral therapy at baseline using propensity score matching analysis.
    Results: The 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality probabilities were 34.7%, 42.5%, and 48.5 % in the ETV group and 21.1%, 37.8% and 51.3 % in the non-ETV group, respectively. Based on a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted by patients' sex, age, and comorbid disorders, the hazard ratios (HR) in the ETV group for 1-year, 1-2-year, and 2-3-year mortalities were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.43, P = .010), 1.02 (0.86-1.20, P = .866), and 0.59 (0.38-0.90, P = .016), compared with the non-ETV group.
    Conclusions: Even in CHB-related decompensated cirrhotic patients, higher initial viral loads were correlated with poor outcomes. However, the long-term usage of ETV can decrease long-term mortality in these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives ; Guanine/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/mortality ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; entecavir (5968Y6H45M) ; Guanine (5Z93L87A1R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-25
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2594333-9
    ISSN 2210-741X ; 2210-7401
    ISSN (online) 2210-741X
    ISSN 2210-7401
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.02.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Statin use in cirrhotic patients with infectious diseases

    Tsung-Hsing Hung / Chih-Chun Tsai / Hsing-Feng Lee

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 4, p e

    A population-based study.

    2019  Volume 0215839

    Abstract: Background Recent studies have shown benefits of statins in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unknown if statins have a beneficial effect on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections. Methods The Taiwan National ... ...

    Abstract Background Recent studies have shown benefits of statins in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unknown if statins have a beneficial effect on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections. Methods The Taiwan National Health Insurance Database was searched, and 816 cirrhotic patients receiving statins with bacterial infections hospitalized between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013 were included in the study. A one-to-four propensity score matching was performed to select a comparison group based on age, sex, and comorbid disorders. Results The overall 30-day mortalities in statin and non-statin group were 5.3% and 9.8%, respectively (P = 0.001). After Cox regression modeling adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid disorders, the hazard ratio (HR) of statin use on 30-day mortality was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.72, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, the 30-day mortality effect of statin use was more pronounced in patients with pneumonia (HR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.19-0.59; P<0.001) and bacteremia (HR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35-0.85; P = 0.008). Atovastatin (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.93) and rosuvastatin (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.98) were associated with a decreased 30-day mortality risk compared to patients not taking statins. Conclusions Statin use decreases the 30-day mortality of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia and pneumonia.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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