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  1. Article ; Online: The tau hypothesis of nodding syndrome in Africa.

    Pollanen, Michael S / Onzivua, Sylvester

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0011526

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nodding Syndrome/epidemiology ; Africa/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2429704-5
    ISSN 1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
    ISSN (online) 1935-2735
    ISSN 1935-2735
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011526
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Death by fecaloma.

    Usumoto, Yosuke / Pollanen, Michael S

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 201–204

    Abstract: A 59-year-old man with a history of cerebral palsy and dextroscoliosis died in a group home. He required supplemental oxygen and had no bowel movement for weeks prior to death. At autopsy, the abdomen was markedly distended and there were flexion ... ...

    Abstract A 59-year-old man with a history of cerebral palsy and dextroscoliosis died in a group home. He required supplemental oxygen and had no bowel movement for weeks prior to death. At autopsy, the abdomen was markedly distended and there were flexion contractures of the legs. Postmortem computed tomography revealed a dilated digestive tract and fecal loading in the sigmoid and rectum, marked upwardly displaced diaphragm and scoliosis. On internal examination, the diaphragm was displaced rostrally and the rectosigmoid colon contained 2.5 kg of fecaloma with two rectal fecaliths. Severe scoliosis with marked reduction in volume of thoracic cavity was present. Microscopic examination revealed chronic aspiration pneumonia and chronic pulmonary hypertension. Overall, four factors led to respiratory failure: fecaloma; cerebral palsy; scoliosis; and chronic aspiration pneumonia. Based on clinicopathological correlation, the cause of death was determined to be a combination of these factors, and the key acute factor was the fecaloma.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Fecal Impaction/diagnostic imaging ; Fecal Impaction/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Aspiration/complications ; Rectum/pathology ; Scoliosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-021-00438-1
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  3. Article ; Online: The pathology of torture.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Forensic science international

    2018  Volume 284, Page(s) 85–96

    Abstract: Detainees may be subjected to torture and extra-judicial execution by State actors and terrorists. But, the pathology of torture has not been well-described. This is due to the lack of autopsies performed on victims of torture, mostly due to the disposal ...

    Abstract Detainees may be subjected to torture and extra-judicial execution by State actors and terrorists. But, the pathology of torture has not been well-described. This is due to the lack of autopsies performed on victims of torture, mostly due to the disposal of the bodies of the victims by their torturers. On this basis, the cause of death of detainees subjected to torture is often a matter of speculation or remains obscure. This paper provides an overview of the pathology of torture based on the authour's experience with the autopsies of torture victims. At autopsy, many different types of inflicted injuries may be observed, often ranging in severity. However, three recurrent patterns of trauma that are the hallmarks of torture were recognized by the authour: (1) blunt impact trauma characterized by bruises, patterned injuries, and internal injuries; (2) electrical and thermal injuries; and (3) injuries from stress positions that occur from prolonged suspension. The most under-recognized form of fatal torture are the complications of stress positions related to suspension of the victim's body by the upper, or lower extremities. For example, prolonged suspension by reverse hanging (suspension of the victim's body by the wrists or forearms with the arms extended backward at the shoulder joint) can cause over-stretching and necrosis of the muscles of the shoulder, resulting in fatal myoglobinuric renal failure. It is essential that autopsies be performed on all detainees who die in custody, to determine if torture played a role in death. Furthermore, the true nature of the injuries sustained often remains obscure unless a musculocutaneous dissection is performed. Specifically, dissection of the back, limbs and the soles of the feet, as well as the shoulders and knees is essential to determine if specific forms of torture have been applied. This is especially true for fatal complications of stress positions. Seeking the truth about the medical consequences of fatal torture will raise awareness about torture-related injuries, assist in rehabilitation of torture survivors, and strengthen forensic humanitarian action.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology ; Asphyxia/pathology ; Autopsy/methods ; Community-Acquired Infections/etiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Forensic Pathology ; Hematoma/pathology ; Humans ; Myoglobinuria/etiology ; Posture ; Prisoners/psychology ; Sepsis/pathology ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/pathology ; Starvation ; Stress, Mechanical ; Stress, Physiological ; Suicide ; Torture ; Water Deprivation ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 1104: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Letter from the Guest Editor.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Academic forensic pathology

    2017  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) x–xi

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1925-3621
    ISSN (online) 1925-3621
    DOI 10.1177/192536211700700303
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Dead Detainee: The Autopsy in Cases of Torture.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Academic forensic pathology

    2017  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 340–352

    Abstract: The fatal maltreatment of people that are detained against their will, such as political prisoners and suspected terrorists, can occur in unstable countries. The death of such detainees is often controversial and debated in the media, legal tribunals, ... ...

    Abstract The fatal maltreatment of people that are detained against their will, such as political prisoners and suspected terrorists, can occur in unstable countries. The death of such detainees is often controversial and debated in the media, legal tribunals, and communities. Therefore, there is a need for nonpartisan information about the cause of death of prisoners due to the implications that the data may have about a conclusion that human rights were abused. Autopsies are the only scientific way to prove the cause of death of detainees and to ascertain the truth behind how injuries may have occurred. On this basis, all forensic pathologists ought to be able to interpret the basic injury patterns commonly encountered in torture. The injuries are similar to those found in child abuse, but also include trauma from suspension and "homicide by heart attack" during interrogation. This paper will review the postmortem findings in cases of torture.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1925-3621
    ISSN (online) 1925-3621
    DOI 10.23907/2017.031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: On the strength of evidence in forensic pathology.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2016  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–97

    MeSH term(s) Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-015-9740-2
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  7. Book: Forensic diatomology and drowning

    Pollanen, Michael S.

    1998  

    Author's details Michael S. Pollanen
    Keywords Forensic Medicine / methods ; Drowning / diagnosis ; Diatoms / isolation & purification ; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
    Language English
    Size X, 159 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing place Amsterdam u.a.
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT008877750
    ISBN 0-444-82844-3 ; 978-0-444-82844-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    1998 A 5238 order for loan Magazin

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  8. Article ; Online: Nodding syndrome is unlikely to be an autoimmune reaction to leiomodin-1 after infection by

    Kodja, Kenneth G / Onzivua, Sylvester / Kitara, David L / Fong, Amanda / Kim, Patrick / Pollanen, Michael S

    Biochemistry and biophysics reports

    2023  Volume 35, Page(s) 101498

    Abstract: Nodding syndrome is a neurological disease of children in northern Uganda. Infection with the nematode ... ...

    Abstract Nodding syndrome is a neurological disease of children in northern Uganda. Infection with the nematode parasite
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2831046-9
    ISSN 2405-5808 ; 2405-5808
    ISSN (online) 2405-5808
    ISSN 2405-5808
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101498
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  9. Article ; Online: Pitfalls and Artifacts in the Neck at Autopsy.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Academic forensic pathology

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–62

    Abstract: The diagnosis of strangulation at autopsy is a persistent challenge for the forensic pathologist. The main difficulty is interpreting the observations made at the postmortem table and deciding whether the observations are a sufficient basis to render an ... ...

    Abstract The diagnosis of strangulation at autopsy is a persistent challenge for the forensic pathologist. The main difficulty is interpreting the observations made at the postmortem table and deciding whether the observations are a sufficient basis to render an expert opinion that death was caused by external compression of the neck. This may have considerable importance to the criminal justice system and may lead to a conviction for murder. There are five main pitfalls and artifacts encountered in the neck at postmortem examination. These five areas provide the majority of the interpretative difficulties experienced by the pathologist. These challenges include: 1) developmental anatomy of the hyoid bone; 2) triticeous cartilages; 3) Prinsloo-Gordon hemorrhage; 4) postmortem hypostatic hemorrhage; and 5) resuscitation-related neck injury. This review explores these five areas. Awareness of the pitfalls and artifacts in the neck is essential for a satisfactory and evidence-based approach to interpreting observations of the neck at autopsy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1925-3621
    ISSN (online) 1925-3621
    DOI 10.23907/2016.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Fatal rhabdomyolysis after torture by reverse hanging.

    Pollanen, Michael S

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2016  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 170–173

    Abstract: Purpose: Reverse hanging (also known as Palestinian hanging) is a form of positional torture where the victim is suspended for a prolonged period of time by the wrists, after the wrists are bound at the back. We report the first autopsy case of reverse ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Reverse hanging (also known as Palestinian hanging) is a form of positional torture where the victim is suspended for a prolonged period of time by the wrists, after the wrists are bound at the back. We report the first autopsy case of reverse hanging. We have discovered that fatal myoglobinuric renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis can be a complication of Palestinian hanging.
    Method: An adult detainee, who underwent interrogation by authorities, was admitted to hospital from a prison and died in hospital after a few days. Death was due to myoglobinuric renal failure. An autopsy was performed.
    Results: At autopsy, the body showed anasarca due to renal failure. There were healing ligature marks on the wrist and forearm, but no blunt impact injury to the shoulders or arms. There was extensive necrosis of the pectoralis major, biceps, and deltoid muscles, organizing hemoarthrosis of the right glenohumeral joint and hemorrhage into the joint capsule of the both glenohumeral joints. The kidneys showed evidence of myoglobin deposition grossly. The overstretching of the major muscles of the shoulder, in response to the prolonged Palestinian hanging, gave rise to the muscle necrosis.
    Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of conducting autopsies on people who die in custody, particularly if detained at times of political instability when torture may be practiced by state actors and others. This case also reveals that fatal rhabdomyolysis can occur by positional torture in a stress position, despite the absence of direct trauma due to blunt impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Myoglobinuria/etiology ; Myoglobinuria/pathology ; Necrosis ; Posture ; Prisoners ; Restraint, Physical/adverse effects ; Rhabdomyolysis/etiology ; Rhabdomyolysis/pathology ; Torture
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-016-9752-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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