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Article ; Online: Effects of Tham Nasal Alkalinization on Airway Microbial Communities: A Pilot Study in Non-CF and CF Adults.

Holliday, Zachary M / Launspach, Janice L / Durairaj, Lakshmi / Singh, Pradeep K / Zabner, Joseph / Stoltz, David A

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

2021 Volume 131, Issue 9, Page(s) 1013–1020

Abstract: Objectives: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion reduces the airway surface liquid (ASL) pH causing airway host defense defects. Aerosolized sodium bicarbonate can reverse these defects, but its effects are short-lived. ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion reduces the airway surface liquid (ASL) pH causing airway host defense defects. Aerosolized sodium bicarbonate can reverse these defects, but its effects are short-lived. Aerosolized tromethamine (THAM) also raises the ASL pH but its effects are much longer lasting. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that nasally administered THAM would alter the nasal bacterial composition in adults with and without CF. Methods: Subjects (n = 32 total) received intranasally administered normal saline or THAM followed by a wash out period prior to receiving the other treatment. Nasal bacterial cultures were obtained prior to and after each treatment period. Results: At baseline, nasal swab bacterial counts were similar between non-CF and CF subjects, but CF subjects had reduced microbial diversity. Both nasal saline and THAM were well-tolerated. In non-CF subjects, nasal airway alkalinization decreased both the total bacterial density and the gram-positive bacterial species recovered. In both non-CF and CF subjects, THAM decreased the amount of Conclusions: This study shows that aerosolized THAM is safe and well-tolerated and that nasal airway alkalinization alters the composition of mucosal bacterial communities. Clinical trial registration: NCT00928135 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00928135).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microbiota ; Pilot Projects
Chemical Substances	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120642-4
ISSN	1943-572X ; 0003-4894
ISSN (online)	1943-572X
ISSN	0003-4894
DOI	10.1177/00034894211051814
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Article: Consideration of dornase alfa for the treatment of severe COVID-19 ARDS

Earhart, Alexander P / Holliday, Zachary M / Hofmann, Hunter V / Schrum, Adam G

New Microbes New Infect

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #155186
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Non-Randomized Trial of Dornase Alfa for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Covid-19.

Holliday, Zachary M / Earhart, Alexander P / Alnijoumi, Mohammed M / Krvavac, Armin / Allen, Lee-Ann H / Schrum, Adam G

Frontiers in immunology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 714833

Abstract: Background: The most severe cases of Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) develop into Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). It has been proposed that oxygenation may be inhibited by extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the form of ... ...

Abstract	Background: The most severe cases of Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) develop into Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). It has been proposed that oxygenation may be inhibited by extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme, Genentech) is recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I that acts as a mucolytic by cleaving and degrading extracellular DNA. We performed a pilot study to evaluate the effects of dornase alfa in patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19. Methods: We performed a pilot, non-randomized, case-controlled clinical trial of inhaled dornase for patients who developed ARDS secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Results: Improvement in arterial oxygen saturation to inhaled fraction of oxygen ratio (PaO Conclusion: Treatment with dornase alfa was associated with improved oxygenation and decreased DNA : MPO complexes in BALF. The positive effects, however, were limited to the time of drug delivery. These data suggest that degradation of extracellular DNA associated with NETs or other structures by inhaled dornase alfa can be beneficial. We propose a more extensive clinical trial is warranted. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04402970.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/therapeutic use ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Peroxidase/metabolism ; Pilot Projects ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Recombinant Proteins ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) ; Deoxyribonuclease I (EC 3.1.21.1) ; dornase alfa (EC 3.1.21.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.714833
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Article: Increased Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality in Human Coronavirus NL63 Associated with ACE Inhibitor Therapy and Implication in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Krvavac, Armin / Patel, Tarang P / Karle, Ethan M / Epstein, Nicholas B / Reznikov, Elizabeth A / Gates, Lancer G / Holliday, Zachary M

Missouri medicine

2020 Volume 117, Issue 4, Page(s) 346–354

Abstract: Background: The endemic human coronavirus NL63 strain (HCoV-NL63) employs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors on cell surfaces to infect hosts in the same manner as SARS-CoV and the novel SARS-CoV-2. It has been proposed that patients on ... ...

Abstract	Background: The endemic human coronavirus NL63 strain (HCoV-NL63) employs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors on cell surfaces to infect hosts in the same manner as SARS-CoV and the novel SARS-CoV-2. It has been proposed that patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) therapy infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher mortality rate due to over-expression of ACE-2 receptors. Aim: We sought to evaluate the impact of ACE-I/ARB on infectivity of various endemic coronavirus strains, hypothesizing that rates of ACE-I use among patients with HCoV-NL63 would be higher compared to other endemic coronavirus strains that do not utilize the ACE-2 receptor. Design/methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate a total 466 subjects with a positive respiratory pathogens panel for one of the endemic coronavirus strains. Rate of ACE-I/ARB use among each coronavirus strain and clinical outcomes from the 88 HCoV-NL63 positive subjects was collected. Results: Analysis revealed a higher rate of ACE-I (p=0.006) use among the HCoV-NL63 positives compared to the other three endemic coronavirus strains. The rate of invasive mechanical ventilation (p=0.007) and 90-day mortality (p=0.045) among HCoV-NL63 positives on ACE-I therapy was higher compared to those HCoV-NL63 positives not on ACE-I therapy. Conclusion: Concurrent therapy with an ACE-I was associated with an increased rate and severity of infection with the HCoV-NL63. This association was not found in infected patients on concurrent ARB therapy. These findings support the importance of further evaluation in patients on these therapies who are infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Coronavirus NL63, Human ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Survival Rate
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	427362-x
ISSN	0026-6620
ISSN	0026-6620
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Article: Increased Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality in Human Coronavirus NL63 Associated with ACE Inhibitor Therapy and Implication in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Krvavac, Armin / Patel, Tarang P. / Karle, Ethan M. / Epstein, Nicholas B. / Reznikov, Elizabeth A. / Gates, Lancer G. / Holliday, Zachary M.

Missouri medicine

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The endemic human coronavirus NL63 strain (HCoV-NL63) employs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors on cell surfaces to infect hosts in the same manner as SARS-CoV and the novel SARS-CoV-2 It has been proposed that patients on ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The endemic human coronavirus NL63 strain (HCoV-NL63) employs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors on cell surfaces to infect hosts in the same manner as SARS-CoV and the novel SARS-CoV-2 It has been proposed that patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) therapy infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher mortality rate due to over-expression of ACE-2 receptors AIM: We sought to evaluate the impact of ACE-I/ARB on infectivity of various endemic coronavirus strains, hypothesizing that rates of ACE-I use among patients with HCoV-NL63 would be higher compared to other endemic coronavirus strains that do not utilize the ACE-2 receptor DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate a total 466 subjects with a positive respiratory pathogens panel for one of the endemic coronavirus strains Rate of ACE-I/ARB use among each coronavirus strain and clinical outcomes from the 88 HCoV-NL63 positive subjects was collected RESULTS: Analysis revealed a higher rate of ACE-I (p=0 006) use among the HCoV-NL63 positives compared to the other three endemic coronavirus strains The rate of invasive mechanical ventilation (p=0 007) and 90-day mortality (p=0 045) among HCoV-NL63 positives on ACE-I therapy was higher compared to those HCoV-NL63 positives not on ACE-I therapy CONCLUSION: Concurrent therapy with an ACE-I was associated with an increased rate and severity of infection with the HCoV-NL63 This association was not found in infected patients on concurrent ARB therapy These findings support the importance of further evaluation in patients on these therapies who are infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #734269
Database	COVID19

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Article: Radiation-Associated Lymphopenia and Outcomes of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy.

Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 57–69

Abstract: Background: The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer surveillance. Previous studies have shown that lymphopenia associated with radiotherapy (RT) portends a poor prognosis. We sought to differentiate the effects of proton and photon RT on ... ...

Abstract	Background: The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer surveillance. Previous studies have shown that lymphopenia associated with radiotherapy (RT) portends a poor prognosis. We sought to differentiate the effects of proton and photon RT on changes in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and methods: Patients with HCC treated with definitive RT from 2006 to 2016 were studied. Serial ALCs were graded according to CTCAE v4.0. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards analyses were used to identify predictors of OS. A cohort analysis matched for treatment volume was performed to investigate differences in ALC dynamics between photon and proton therapy. Results: Of 143 patients identified, the median age was 66 (range, 19-90) years. The treatment modality was photon in 103 (72%) and proton in 40 (28%). Median follow-up was 17 months (95% confidence interval, 13-25 months). The median time to ALC nadir after initiation of RT was 17 days with a median relative decrease of 67%. Those who received proton RT had a higher median ALC nadir (0.41 vs 0.32 k/µL, p=0.002) and longer median OS (33 vs 13 months, p=0.002) than those who received photon RT. Matched cohort analyses revealed a larger low-dose liver volume in the photon group, which correlated with lower ALC. On multivariable Cox analysis, Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia prior to or after RT, portal venous tumor thrombus, larger planning target volumes, Child-Pugh (CP) Class B, and increased CP score after RT were associated with a higher risk of death, whereas the use of proton therapy was associated with lower risk. Conclusion: Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia may be associated with poorer outcomes in patients receiving RT for HCC. Protons may mitigate lymphopenia compared with photons, potentially due to reduced dose exposure of sites of lymphopoiesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-03
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2780784-8
ISSN	2253-5969
ISSN	2253-5969
DOI	10.2147/JHC.S282062
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Article ; Online: Definitive radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.

Holliday, Emma B / Tao, Randa / Brownlee, Zachary / Das, Prajnan / Krishnan, Sunil / Taniguchi, Cullen / Minsky, Bruce D / Herman, Joseph M / Kaseb, Ahmed / Raghav, Kanwal / Conrad, Claudius / Vauthey, Jean-Nicholas / Aloia, Thomas A / Chun, Yun Shin / Crane, Christopher H / Koay, Eugene J

Clinical and translational radiation oncology

2017 Volume 4, Page(s) 39–45

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study is to review the results of radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) in a Western patient population.: Methods: Thirty-four patients with HCC PVTT treated ...

Abstract	Background: The purpose of this study is to review the results of radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) in a Western patient population. Methods: Thirty-four patients with HCC PVTT treated from 2007 to 2014 with RT were identified. Biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated for each patient, and greater than the median dose delivered (75 Gray (Gy)) was evaluated as a potential prognostic factor. Survival was compared and independent prognostic variables were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Twenty-six patients (76.5%) exhibited a radiographic response to RT, and 10 patients (29.4%) ultimately developed local failure. Local control, liver control, distant control and OS at one year were 57.1%, 36.4%, 55.2% and 57.4%, respectively. Patients who received a BED >75 Gy had a significantly better local control at 1 year (93.3% vs 45.6%; Log Rank p = 0.0184). Patients who received a BED >75 Gy also had significantly better median survival (24.7mo vs 6.1mo) and 1-year overall survival (76.5% vs 30.0%) when compared with BED ≤75 Gy (Log-Rank p = 0.002). Conclusion: Our data suggest that RT should be considered for well-selected patients with HCC and PVTT for the purpose of improving local control and potentially prolonging the time to worsening venous obstruction and liver failure. When feasible, dose-escalation should be considered with a target BED of >75 Gy if normal organ dose constraints can be safely met.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-07
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6308
ISSN (online)	2405-6308
DOI	10.1016/j.ctro.2017.04.003
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Article ; Online: Definitive radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

Emma B. Holliday / Randa Tao / Zachary Brownlee / Prajnan Das / Sunil Krishnan / Cullen Taniguchi / Bruce D. Minsky / Joseph M. Herman / Ahmed Kaseb / Kanwal Raghav / Claudius Conrad / Jean-Nicholas Vauthey / Thomas A. Aloia / Yun Shin Chun / Christopher H. Crane / Eugene J. Koay

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology, Vol 4, Iss C, Pp 39-

2017 Volume 45

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study is to review the results of radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) in a Western patient population. Methods: Thirty-four patients with HCC PVTT treated from ...

Abstract	Background: The purpose of this study is to review the results of radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) in a Western patient population. Methods: Thirty-four patients with HCC PVTT treated from 2007 to 2014 with RT were identified. Biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated for each patient, and greater than the median dose delivered (75 Gray (Gy)) was evaluated as a potential prognostic factor. Survival was compared and independent prognostic variables were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Twenty-six patients (76.5%) exhibited a radiographic response to RT, and 10 patients (29.4%) ultimately developed local failure. Local control, liver control, distant control and OS at one year were 57.1%, 36.4%, 55.2% and 57.4%, respectively. Patients who received a BED >75 Gy had a significantly better local control at 1 year (93.3% vs 45.6%; Log Rank p = 0.0184). Patients who received a BED >75 Gy also had significantly better median survival (24.7mo vs 6.1mo) and 1-year overall survival (76.5% vs 30.0%) when compared with BED ≤75 Gy (Log-Rank p = 0.002). Conclusion: Our data suggest that RT should be considered for well-selected patients with HCC and PVTT for the purpose of improving local control and potentially prolonging the time to worsening venous obstruction and liver failure. When feasible, dose-escalation should be considered with a target BED of >75 Gy if normal organ dose constraints can be safely met.
Keywords	Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Tumor thrombus ; Prognostic factors ; Dose escalation ; Radiation therapy ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning.

Lahti, Jari / Tuominen, Samuli / Yang, Qiong / Pergola, Giulio / Ahmad, Shahzad / Amin, Najaf / Armstrong, Nicola J / Beiser, Alexa / Bey, Katharina / Bis, Joshua C / Boerwinkle, Eric / Bressler, Jan / Campbell, Archie / Campbell, Harry / Chen, Qiang / Corley, Janie / Cox, Simon R / Davies, Gail / De Jager, Philip L /

Derks, Eske M / Faul, Jessica D / Fitzpatrick, Annette L / Fohner, Alison E / Ford, Ian / Fornage, Myriam / Gerring, Zachary / Grabe, Hans J / Grodstein, Francine / Gudnason, Vilmundur / Simonsick, Eleanor / Holliday, Elizabeth G / Joshi, Peter K / Kajantie, Eero / Kaprio, Jaakko / Karell, Pauliina / Kleineidam, Luca / Knol, Maria J / Kochan, Nicole A / Kwok, John B / Leber, Markus / Lam, Max / Lee, Teresa / Li, Shuo / Loukola, Anu / Luck, Tobias / Marioni, Riccardo E / Mather, Karen A / Medland, Sarah / Mirza, Saira S / Nalls, Mike A / Nho, Kwangsik / O'Donnell, Adrienne / Oldmeadow, Christopher / Painter, Jodie / Pattie, Alison / Reppermund, Simone / Risacher, Shannon L / Rose, Richard J / Sadashivaiah, Vijay / Scholz, Markus / Satizabal, Claudia L / Schofield, Peter W / Schraut, Katharina E / Scott, Rodney J / Simino, Jeannette / Smith, Albert V / Smith, Jennifer A / Stott, David J / Surakka, Ida / Teumer, Alexander / Thalamuthu, Anbupalam / Trompet, Stella / Turner, Stephen T / van der Lee, Sven J / Villringer, Arno / Völker, Uwe / Wilson, Robert S / Wittfeld, Katharina / Vuoksimaa, Eero / Xia, Rui / Yaffe, Kristine / Yu, Lei / Zare, Habil / Zhao, Wei / Ames, David / Attia, John / Bennett, David A / Brodaty, Henry / Chasman, Daniel I / Goldman, Aaron L / Hayward, Caroline / Ikram, M Arfan / Jukema, J Wouter / Kardia, Sharon L R / Lencz, Todd / Loeffler, Markus / Mattay, Venkata S / Palotie, Aarno / Psaty, Bruce M / Ramirez, Alfredo / Ridker, Paul M / Riedel-Heller, Steffi G / Sachdev, Perminder S / Saykin, Andrew J / Scherer, Martin / Schofield, Peter R / Sidney, Stephen / Starr, John M / Trollor, Julian / Ulrich, William / Wagner, Michael / Weir, David R / Wilson, James F / Wright, Margaret J / Weinberger, Daniel R / Debette, Stephanie / Eriksson, Johan G / Mosley, Thomas H / Launer, Lenore J / van Duijn, Cornelia M / Deary, Ian J / Seshadri, Sudha / Räikkönen, Katri

Molecular psychiatry

2022 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 4419–4431

Abstract: Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke ( ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.
MeSH term(s)	Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Learning ; Verbal Learning ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-022-01710-8
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Article ; Online: Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.

Berger, Lee R / Hawks, John / de Ruiter, Darryl J / Churchill, Steven E / Schmid, Peter / Delezene, Lucas K / Kivell, Tracy L / Garvin, Heather M / Williams, Scott A / DeSilva, Jeremy M / Skinner, Matthew M / Musiba, Charles M / Cameron, Noel / Holliday, Trenton W / Harcourt-Smith, William / Ackermann, Rebecca R / Bastir, Markus / Bogin, Barry / Bolter, Debra /

Brophy, Juliet / Cofran, Zachary D / Congdon, Kimberly A / Deane, Andrew S / Dembo, Mana / Drapeau, Michelle / Elliott, Marina C / Feuerriegel, Elen M / Garcia-Martinez, Daniel / Green, David J / Gurtov, Alia / Irish, Joel D / Kruger, Ashley / Laird, Myra F / Marchi, Damiano / Meyer, Marc R / Nalla, Shahed / Negash, Enquye W / Orr, Caley M / Radovcic, Davorka / Schroeder, Lauren / Scott, Jill E / Throckmorton, Zachary / Tocheri, Matthew W / VanSickle, Caroline / Walker, Christopher S / Wei, Pianpian / Zipfel, Bernhard

eLife

2015 Volume 4

Abstract: Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human ... ...

Abstract	Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H. naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis. While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet discovered in Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthropometry ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; South Africa
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.09560
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