Article ; Online: Induced regulatory T cells: mechanisms of conversion and suppressive potential.
2012 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 328–334
Abstract: Thymus-derived, naturally occurring CD4(+) Forkhead Box P3(+) regulatory T cells (nTreg) have suppressive activity that is important for the establishment and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the healthy state. Abundant reports have demonstrated that ...
Abstract | Thymus-derived, naturally occurring CD4(+) Forkhead Box P3(+) regulatory T cells (nTreg) have suppressive activity that is important for the establishment and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the healthy state. Abundant reports have demonstrated that they can suppress pathogenic processes in autoimmune diseases and inhibit transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Far less is known about induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) that are generated from naive T cells in the periphery or in vitro by directing naive T cells to acquire suppressive function under the influence of transforming growth factor-β and other factors. In this review, we describe mechanisms by which naive T cells are thought to be converted into iTreg. We also discuss the suppressive potential of iTreg, particularly in comparison with their naturally occurring counterparts, focusing on those reports in which direct comparisons have been made. Based on current knowledge, we consider the rationale for using iTreg versus nTreg in clinical trials. |
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MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors/metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Th17 Cells/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology |
Chemical Substances | Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Interleukin-2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R) ; Sirolimus (W36ZG6FT64) |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2012-01-14 |
Publishing country | United States |
Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
ZDB-ID | 801524-7 |
ISSN | 1879-1166 ; 0198-8859 |
ISSN (online) | 1879-1166 |
ISSN | 0198-8859 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.12.011 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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