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  1. Article ; Online: Implementation of the Modified Canadian C-Spine Rule by Paramedics.

    Vaillancourt, Christian / Charette, Manya / Sinclair, Julie / Dionne, Richard / Kelly, Peter / Maloney, Justin / Nemnom, Marie-Joe / Wells, George A / Stiell, Ian G

    Annals of emergency medicine

    2022  Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 187–196

    Abstract: Study objective: The Canadian C-spine rule was modified and validated for use by the paramedics ... in a multicenter study where patients were assessed with the Canadian C-spine rule yet all transported ... with immobilization. This study evaluated the clinical impact of the modified Canadian C-spine rule when implemented ...

    Abstract Study objective: The Canadian C-spine rule was modified and validated for use by the paramedics in a multicenter study where patients were assessed with the Canadian C-spine rule yet all transported with immobilization. This study evaluated the clinical impact of the modified Canadian C-spine rule when implemented by paramedics.
    Methods: This single-center prospective cohort implementation study took place in Ottawa, Canada (from 2011 to 2015). Advanced and primary care paramedics were trained to use the modified Canadian C-spine rule, collect data on a standardized study form, and selectively transport eligible patients without immobilization. We evaluated all consecutive low-risk adult patients (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 15, stable vital signs) at risk for a neck injury. We followed all patients without initial radiologic evaluation for 30 days. Analyses included descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI), sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients.
    Results: The 4,034 enrolled patients had a mean age of 43 (range 16 to 99), and 53.4% were female. Motor vehicle collisions were the most common mechanism of injury (55.1%), followed by falls (23.9%). There were 11 clinically important injuries. The paramedics classified these injuries with a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI, 58.7 to 99.8) and specificity of 66.5% (95% CI, 65.1 to 68.0). There was no adverse event or resulting spinal cord injury. The kappa agreement between paramedics and investigators was 0.94. A total of 2,583 (64.0%) immobilizations were avoided using the modified Canadian C-spine rule.
    Conclusion: Paramedics could accurately apply the modified Canadian C-spine rule to low-risk trauma patients and significantly reduce the need for spinal immobilization during transport. This resulted in no adverse event or any spinal cord injury.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Paramedics ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Cervical Vertebrae/injuries ; Spinal Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Canada ; Spinal Cord Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603080-4
    ISSN 1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
    ISSN (online) 1097-6760
    ISSN 0196-0644
    DOI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.441
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Development and validation of the C-SHADE scale for measuring perpetration of common sexually harassing and aggressive behaviors in drinking environments.

    Graham, Kathryn / Bernards, Sharon / Abbey, Antonia / Senn, Charlene / Dumas, Tara M / Trudell, AnnaLise / Donnelly, Peter D / Wells, Samantha

    Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

    2023  Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 1191–1203

    Abstract: ... acts of sexual harassment and aggression in drinking environments (C-SHADE) based on descriptions of SA ... Results: The C-SHADE showed high internal consistency (α = 0.96) and was significantly correlated with M ... using the C-SHADE versus 24.7% with the M-SES. We compared the responses of participants who reported ...

    Abstract Background: Sexual aggression (SA) is ubiquitous in drinking environments. Although such behavior is often seen as normal and acceptable, the targets of SA experience many negative consequences. This research aimed to develop a valid measure of common acts of SA in drinking settings for estimating prevalence and evaluating prevention initiatives.
    Methods: We developed a questionnaire measure of common acts of sexual harassment and aggression in drinking environments (C-SHADE) based on descriptions of SA behavior from our own and others' research. The measure was validated in a cross-sectional survey of 335 men aged 19 to 25 using webpanels from an online survey company. Validation measures included: a modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey (M-SES), measures of SA by peers in drinking environments, SA-related attitudes, expectancies about sexual effects of alcohol, and alcohol consumption.
    Results: The C-SHADE showed high internal consistency (α = 0.96) and was significantly correlated with M-SES (r = 0.52), SA by peers (r = 0.61 to 0.70), SA-related attitudes/expectations (r = 0.38 to 0.55), and measures of alcohol consumption (r = 0.22 to 0.36). Overall, 71.9% of participants reported SA using the C-SHADE versus 24.7% with the M-SES. We compared the responses of participants who reported perpetration on both measures (N = 83), on only the C-SHADE (N = 141), and among nonperpetrators (N = 89; excluding four participants who reported perpetration only on the M-SES). The M-SES/C-SHADE perpetrators scored significantly higher than C-SHADE-only perpetrators and nonperpetrators on most SA-related and drinking measures, while C-SHADE-only perpetrators scored significantly higher than nonperpetrators on peer SA and two attitude measures.
    Conclusions: The C-SHADE is suitable for measuring prevalence and evaluating interventions in drinking settings. The C-SHADE confirmed a high prevalence of SA in drinking settings and identified an important group of C-SHADE-only perpetrators for whom interventions that focus on situational precipitators of SA in drinking settings may be especially useful.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    DOI 10.1111/acer.15087
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Hepatitis C Treatment Initiation Among US Medicaid Enrollees.

    Kapadia, Shashi N / Zhang, Hao / Gonzalez, Christopher J / Sen, Bisakha / Franco, Ricardo / Hutchings, Kayla / Wethington, Elaine / Talal, Andrew / Lloyd, Audrey / Dharia, Arpan / Wells, Martin / Bao, Yuhua / Shapiro, Martin F

    JAMA network open

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) e2327326

    Abstract: Importance: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is ...

    Abstract Importance: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly effective but remains underused. Understanding disparities in the delivery of DAAs is important for HCV elimination planning and designing interventions to promote equitable treatment.
    Objective: To examine variations in the receipt of DAA in the 6 months following a new HCV diagnosis.
    Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study used national Medicaid claims from 2017 to 2019 from 50 states, Washington DC, and Puerto Rico. Individuals aged 18 to 64 years with a new diagnosis of HCV in 2018 were included. A new diagnosis was defined as a claim for an HCV RNA test followed by an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code, after a 1-year lookback period.
    Main outcomes and measures: Outcome was receipt of a DAA prescription within 6 months of diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to examine demographic factors and ICD-10-identified comorbidities associated with treatment initiation.
    Results: Among 87 652 individuals, 43 078 (49%) were females, 12 355 (14%) were age 18 to 29 years, 35 181 (40%) age 30 to 49, 51 282 (46%) were non-Hispanic White, and 48 840 (49%) had an injection drug use diagnosis. Of these individuals, 17 927 (20%) received DAAs within 6 months of their first HCV diagnosis. In the regression analyses, male sex was associated with increased treatment initiation (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.33). Being age 18 to 29 years (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85) and injection drug use (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94) were associated with decreased treatment initiation. After adjustment for state fixed effects, Asian race (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.64), American Indian or Alaska Native race (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.84), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.93) were associated with decreased treatment initiation. Adjustment for state Medicaid policy did not attenuate the racial or ethnic disparities.
    Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort study, HCV treatment initiation was low among Medicaid beneficiaries and varied by demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Interventions are needed to increase HCV treatment uptake among Medicaid beneficiaries and to address disparities in treatment among key populations, including younger individuals, females, individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups, and people who inject drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicaid ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.27326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Zeeman and laser site selective spectroscopy of C

    Jobbitt, N L / Wells, J-P R / Reid, M F

    Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 32

    Abstract: Parametrized crystal-field analyses are presented for both the six and seven fold coordinated, C ...

    Abstract Parametrized crystal-field analyses are presented for both the six and seven fold coordinated, C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472968-4
    ISSN 1361-648X ; 0953-8984
    ISSN (online) 1361-648X
    ISSN 0953-8984
    DOI 10.1088/1361-648X/ac711e
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Coherent light scattering from a telecom C-band quantum dot.

    Wells, L / Müller, T / Stevenson, R M / Skiba-Szymanska, J / Ritchie, D A / Shields, A J

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8371

    Abstract: Quantum networks have the potential to transform secure communication via quantum key distribution and enable novel concepts in distributed quantum computing and sensing. Coherent quantum light generation at telecom wavelengths is fundamental for fibre- ... ...

    Abstract Quantum networks have the potential to transform secure communication via quantum key distribution and enable novel concepts in distributed quantum computing and sensing. Coherent quantum light generation at telecom wavelengths is fundamental for fibre-based network implementations, but Fourier-limited emission and subnatural linewidth photons have so far only been reported from systems operating in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. Here, we use InAs/InP quantum dots to demonstrate photons with coherence times much longer than the Fourier limit at telecom wavelength via elastic scattering of excitation laser photons. Further, we show that even the inelastically scattered photons have coherence times within the error bars of the Fourier limit. Finally, we make direct use of the minimal attenuation in fibre for these photons by measuring two-photon interference after 25 km of fibre, demonstrating finite interference visibility for photons emitted about 100,000 excitation cycles apart.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-43757-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Implicating effector genes at COVID-19 GWAS loci using promoter-focused Capture-C in disease-relevant immune cell types.

    Pahl, Matthew C / Le Coz, Carole / Su, Chun / Sharma, Prabhat / Thomas, Rajan M / Pippin, James A / Cruz Cabrera, Emylette / Johnson, Matthew E / Leonard, Michelle E / Lu, Sumei / Chesi, Alessandra / Sullivan, Kathleen E / Romberg, Neil / Grant, Struan F A / Wells, Andrew D

    Genome biology

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 125

    Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, from mild or no symptoms to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 disease severity has been associated with some pre-existing conditions and the magnitude of the adaptive ... ...

    Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, from mild or no symptoms to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 disease severity has been associated with some pre-existing conditions and the magnitude of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the risk of critical illness revealed a significant genetic component. To gain insight into how human genetic variation attenuates or exacerbates disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we implicated putatively functional COVID risk variants in the cis-regulatory landscapes of human immune cell types with established roles in disease severity and used high-resolution chromatin conformation capture to map these disease-associated elements to their effector genes.
    Results: This functional genomic approach implicates 16 genes involved in viral replication, the interferon response, and inflammation. Several of these genes (PAXBP1, IFNAR2, OAS1, OAS3, TNFAIP8L1, GART) were differentially expressed in immune cells from patients with severe versus moderate COVID-19 disease, and we demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for GART in T cell-dependent antibody-producing B cell differentiation in a human tonsillar organoid model.
    Conclusions: This study offers immunogenetic insight into the basis of COVID-19 disease severity and implicates new targets for therapeutics that limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant life-threatening inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Inflammation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2040529-7
    ISSN 1474-760X ; 1474-760X
    ISSN (online) 1474-760X
    ISSN 1474-760X
    DOI 10.1186/s13059-022-02691-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Community Partnered Participatory Research in Southeast Louisiana Communities Threatened by Climate Change: The C-LEARN EXPERIENCE.

    Springgate, Benjamin F / Sugarman, Olivia / Wells, Kenneth B / Palinkas, Lawrence A / Meyers, Diana / Wennerstrom, Ashley / Johnson, Arthur / Haywood, Catherine / Sarpong, Daniel / Culbertson, Richard

    The American journal of bioethics : AJOB

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) 46–48

    MeSH term(s) Climate Change ; Community Participation ; Community-Based Participatory Research ; Humans ; Louisiana
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2060433-6
    ISSN 1536-0075 ; 1526-5161
    ISSN (online) 1536-0075
    ISSN 1526-5161
    DOI 10.1080/15265161.2021.1965248
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  8. Article ; Online: Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir +/- ribavirin in real world hepatitis C patients.

    Loo, Nicole / Lawitz, Eric / Alkhouri, Naim / Wells, Jennifer / Landaverde, Carmen / Coste, Angie / Salcido, Rossalynn / Scott, Michael / Poordad, Fred

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 18, Page(s) 2229–2239

    Abstract: Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor ABT-267 (ombitasvir, OBV), the HCV NS4/4A ...

    Abstract Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor ABT-267 (ombitasvir, OBV), the HCV NS4/4A protease inhibitor ABT-450 (paritaprevir, PTV), the CYP3A inhibitor ritonavir (r) and the non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor ABT-333 (dasabuvir, DSV) (OBV/PTV/r + DSV) with or without ribavirin (RBV) is a direct-acting antiviral regimen approved in the United States and other major countries for the treatment of HCV in genotype 1 (GT1) infected patients. Patients with HCV who are considered "hard-to-cure" have generally been excluded from registration trials due to rigorous study inclusion criteria, presence of comorbidities and previous treatment failures.
    Aim: To investigate the efficacy of this regimen in HCV G1-infected patients historically excluded from clinical trials.
    Methods: Patients were ≥ 18 years old and chronically infected with HCV GT1 (GT1a, GT1b or GT1a/1b). Patients were treatment-naïve or previously failed a regimen including pegylated interferon/RBV +/- telaprevir, boceprevir, or simeprevir. One hundred patients were treated with the study drug regimen, which was administered for 12 or 24 wk +/- RBV according to GT1 subtype and presence/absence of cirrhosis. Patients were evaluated every 4 wk from treatment day 1 and at 4 and 12 wk after end-of-treatment.
    Results: Many of the patients studied had comorbidities (44.2% hypertensive, 33.7% obese, 20.2% cirrhotic) and 16% previously failed HCV treatment. Ninety-six patients completed study follow-up and 99% achieved 12-wk sustained virologic response. The majority (88.4%) of patients had undetectable HCV RNA by week 4. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12%), headache (10%), insomnia (9%) and diarrhea (8%); none led to treatment discontinuation. Physical and mental patient reported outcomes scores significantly improved after treatment. Almost all (98%) patients were treatment compliant.
    Conclusion: In an all-comers HCV GT1 population, 12 or 24-wk of OBV/PTV/r + DSV +/- RBV is highly effective and tolerable and results in better mental and physical health following treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/drug effects ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Hepacivirus/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Sustained Virologic Response
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase IV ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v25.i18.2229
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  9. Article: Injected Versus Sponge-Applied Mitomycin C (MMC) During Modified Trabeculectomy in New Zealand White Rabbit Model.

    Swogger, John / Conner, Ian P / Rosano, Maranda / Kemmerer, Megan / Happ-Smith, Carrie / Wells, Alan / Schuman, Joel S / Yates, Cecelia C

    Translational vision science & technology

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) 23

    Abstract: Purpose: Mitomycin C is routinely applied during trabeculectomy surgeries to enhance bleb survival ... in mitomycin C at a standard concentration onto bare sclera for a predetermined duration, which varies ... injection of mitomycin C during modified trabeculectomy.: Methods: Two groups of five New Zealand White ...

    Abstract Purpose: Mitomycin C is routinely applied during trabeculectomy surgeries to enhance bleb survival after glaucoma filtration surgery. The current approach involves placing cellulose sponges soaked in mitomycin C at a standard concentration onto bare sclera for a predetermined duration, which varies among surgeons. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sponge-applied versus intra-Tenon injection of mitomycin C during modified trabeculectomy.
    Methods: Two groups of five New Zealand White rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery with either preoperative intra-Tenon injection of mitomycin C or intraoperative application of mitomycin C using a cellulose sponge. Postoperative intraocular pressure was recorded weekly, and eyes were enucleated and sent for pathological examination and histological analysis.
    Results: An intra-Tenon injection of mitomycin C resulted in decreased intraocular pressure measurements and bleb vascularity compared to the controls but increased levels compared to the sponge-applied group. Collagen deposition and cellularity were reduced and the goblet cell population was increased in the intra-Tenon injection group.
    Conclusions: This study shows that an intra-Tenon injection can be an effective method for administering mitomycin C compared to the standard-of-care approach of mitomycin C being sponge applied onto bare sclera. Mitomycin C injection led to a greater reduction in intraocular pressure and inhibition of fibroblasts. The associated goblet cell population that can lead to increased mitomycin C toxicity-related morbidity was minimized with the intra-Tenon injection compared to the sponge-applied MMC treatment. Therefore, patients with ocular surface disease may benefit from an intra-Tenon injection.
    Translational relevance: This project provides a direct, qualitative assessment in an animal model of common techniques within glaucoma filtration surgery for drug delivery to improve surgical success.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Rabbits ; Sclera ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Trabeculectomy
    Chemical Substances Mitomycin (50SG953SK6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2674602-5
    ISSN 2164-2591
    ISSN 2164-2591
    DOI 10.1167/tvst.9.11.23
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  10. Article ; Online: Thomson scattering systems on C-2W field-reversed configuration plasma experiment.

    Zhai, K / Schindler, T / Ottaviano, A / Zhang, H / Fallah, D / Wells, J / Parke, E / Thompson, M C

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10C118

    Abstract: TAE Technologies' newly constructed C-2W experiment aims to improve the ion and electron ...

    Abstract TAE Technologies' newly constructed C-2W experiment aims to improve the ion and electron temperatures in a sustained field-reversed configuration plasma. A suite of Thomson scattering systems has been designed and constructed for electron temperature and density profile measurements. The systems are designed for electron densities of 1 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5037327
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