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Article ; Online: Mapping circuit dynamics during function and dysfunction.

Gorur-Shandilya, Srinivas / Cronin, Elizabeth M / Schneider, Anna C / Haddad, Sara Ann / Rosenbaum, Philipp / Bucher, Dirk / Nadim, Farzan / Marder, Eve

eLife

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Neural circuits can generate many spike patterns, but only some are functional. The study of how circuits generate and maintain functional dynamics is hindered by a poverty of description of circuit dynamics across functional and dysfunctional states. ... ...

Abstract	Neural circuits can generate many spike patterns, but only some are functional. The study of how circuits generate and maintain functional dynamics is hindered by a poverty of description of circuit dynamics across functional and dysfunctional states. For example, although the regular oscillation of a central pattern generator is well characterized by its frequency and the phase relationships between its neurons, these metrics are ineffective descriptors of the irregular and aperiodic dynamics that circuits can generate under perturbation or in disease states. By recording the circuit dynamics of the well-studied pyloric circuit in
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brachyura/physiology ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Pylorus/physiology
Chemical Substances	Neurotransmitter Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.76579
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Mechanistic Framework for Integrating Chemical Structure and High-Throughput Screening Results to Improve Toxicity Predictions.

Nelms, Mark D / Mellor, Claire L / Enoch, Steven J / Judson, Richard S / Patlewicz, Grace / Richard, Ann M / Madden, Judith M / Cronin, Mark T D / Edwards, Stephen W

Computational toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 8, Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) establish a connection between a molecular initiating event (MIE) and an adverse outcome. Detailed understanding of the MIE provides the ideal data for determining chemical properties required to elicit the MIE. This study ...

Abstract	Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) establish a connection between a molecular initiating event (MIE) and an adverse outcome. Detailed understanding of the MIE provides the ideal data for determining chemical properties required to elicit the MIE. This study utilized high-throughput screening data from the ToxCast program, coupled with chemical structural information, to generate chemical clusters using three similarity methods pertaining to nine MIEs within an AOP network for hepatic steatosis. Three case studies demonstrate the utility of the mechanistic information held by the MIE for integrating biological and chemical data. Evaluation of the chemical clusters activating the glucocorticoid receptor identified activity differences in chemicals within a cluster. Comparison of the estrogen receptor results with previous work showed that bioactivity data and structural alerts can be combined to improve predictions in a customizable way where bioactivity data are limited. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) highlighted that while structural data can be used to offset limited data for new screening efforts, not all ToxCast targets have sufficient data to define robust chemical clusters. In this context, an alternative to additional receptor assays is proposed where assays for proximal key events downstream of AHR activation could be used to enhance confidence in active calls. These case studies illustrate how the AOP framework can support an iterative process whereby
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2468-1113
ISSN	2468-1113
DOI	10.1016/j.comtox.2018.08.003
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Article: Comparative diet-gut microbiome analysis in Crohn's disease and Hidradenitis suppurativa.

Cronin, Peter / McCarthy, Siobhan / Hurley, Cian / Ghosh, Tarini Shankar / Cooney, Jakki C / Tobin, Ann-Marie / Murphy, Michelle / O'Connor, Eibhlís M / Shanahan, Fergus / O'Toole, Paul W

Frontiers in microbiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1289374

Abstract: Introduction: The chronic inflammatory skin disease Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is strongly associated with Crohn's Disease (CD). HS and CD share clinical similarities and similar inflammatory pathways are upregulated in both conditions. Increased ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The chronic inflammatory skin disease Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is strongly associated with Crohn's Disease (CD). HS and CD share clinical similarities and similar inflammatory pathways are upregulated in both conditions. Increased prevalence of inflammatory disease in industrialised nations has been linked to the Western diet. However, gut microbiota composition and diet interaction have not been compared in HS and CD. Methods: Here we compared the fecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and habitual diet of previously reported subjects with HS ( Results and discussion: Patients with HS consumed a Western diet similar to patients with CD. Meanwhile, habitual diet in HS and CD was significantly different to controls. Previously, we detected differences in microbiota composition among patients with HS from that of controls. We now show that 40% of patients with HS had a microbiota configuration similar to that of CD, characterised by the enrichment of pathogenic genera (Enterococcus, Veillonella and Escherichia_Shigella) and the depletion of putatively beneficial genera (Faecalibacterium). The remaining 60% of patients with HS harboured a normal microbiota similar to that of controls. Antibiotics, which are commonly used to treat HS, were identified as a co-varying with differences in microbiota composition. We examined the levels of several inflammatory markers highlighting that growth-arrest specific 6 (Gas6), which has anti-inflammatory potential, were significantly lower in the 40% of patients with HS who had a CD microbiota configuration. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12, which is a modulator of intestinal inflammation in CD, were negatively correlated with the abundance of health-associated genera in patients with HS. In conclusion, the fecal microbiota may help identify patients with HS who are at greater risk for development of CD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289374
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Article ; Online: Notes from the Field: Effects of the COVID-19 Response on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Efforts - United States, March-April 2020.

Cronin, Ann M / Railey, Shanica / Fortune, Diana / Wegener, Donna Hope / Davis, Justin B

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2020 Volume 69, Issue 29, Page(s) 971–972

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Disease Eradication/organization & administration ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm6929a4
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Article ; Online: Mapping circuit dynamics during function and dysfunction

Srinivas Gorur-Shandilya / Elizabeth M Cronin / Anna C Schneider / Sara Ann Haddad / Philipp Rosenbaum / Dirk Bucher / Farzan Nadim / Eve Marder

eLife, Vol

2022 Volume 11

Abstract	Neural circuits can generate many spike patterns, but only some are functional. The study of how circuits generate and maintain functional dynamics is hindered by a poverty of description of circuit dynamics across functional and dysfunctional states. For example, although the regular oscillation of a central pattern generator is well characterized by its frequency and the phase relationships between its neurons, these metrics are ineffective descriptors of the irregular and aperiodic dynamics that circuits can generate under perturbation or in disease states. By recording the circuit dynamics of the well-studied pyloric circuit in Cancer borealis, we used statistical features of spike times from neurons in the circuit to visualize the spike patterns generated by this circuit under a variety of conditions. This approach captures both the variability of functional rhythms and the diversity of atypical dynamics in a single map. Clusters in the map identify qualitatively different spike patterns hinting at different dynamic states in the circuit. State probability and the statistics of the transitions between states varied with environmental perturbations, removal of descending neuromodulatory inputs, and the addition of exogenous neuromodulators. This analysis reveals strong mechanistically interpretable links between complex changes in the collective behavior of a neural circuit and specific experimental manipulations, and can constrain hypotheses of how circuits generate functional dynamics despite variability in circuit architecture and environmental perturbations.
Keywords	Cancer borealis ; pyloric circuit ; stomatogastric ganglion ; neural circuit ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Aspirin reprogrammes colorectal cancer cell metabolism and sensitises to glutaminase inhibition.

Holt, Amy K / Najumudeen, Arafath K / Collard, Tracey J / Li, Hao / Millett, Laura M / Hoskin, Ashley J / Legge, Danny N / Mortensson, Eleanor M H / Flanagan, Dustin J / Jones, Nicholas / Kollareddy, Madhu / Timms, Penny / Hitchings, Matthew D / Cronin, James / Sansom, Owen J / Williams, Ann C / Vincent, Emma E

Cancer & metabolism

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 18

Abstract: Background: To support proliferation and survival within a challenging microenvironment, cancer cells must reprogramme their metabolism. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue. However, identifying tractable nodes of ...

Abstract	Background: To support proliferation and survival within a challenging microenvironment, cancer cells must reprogramme their metabolism. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue. However, identifying tractable nodes of metabolic vulnerability in cancer cells is challenging due to their metabolic plasticity. Identification of effective treatment combinations to counter this is an active area of research. Aspirin has a well-established role in cancer prevention, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods: We generated a model to investigate the impact of long-term (52 weeks) aspirin exposure on CRC cells, which has allowed us comprehensively characterise the metabolic impact of long-term aspirin exposure (2-4mM for 52 weeks) using proteomics, Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analysis and Stable Isotope Labelling (SIL). Using this information, we were able to identify nodes of metabolic vulnerability for further targeting, investigating the impact of combining aspirin with metabolic inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Results: We show that aspirin regulates several enzymes and transporters of central carbon metabolism and results in a reduction in glutaminolysis and a concomitant increase in glucose metabolism, demonstrating reprogramming of nutrient utilisation. We show that aspirin causes likely compensatory changes that render the cells sensitive to the glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibitor-CB-839. Of note given the clinical interest, treatment with CB-839 alone had little effect on CRC cell growth or survival. However, in combination with aspirin, CB-839 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and, importantly, reduced crypt proliferation in Apc Conclusions: Together, these results show that aspirin leads to significant metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer cells and raises the possibility that aspirin could significantly increase the efficacy of metabolic cancer therapies in CRC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2700141-6
ISSN	2049-3002
ISSN	2049-3002
DOI	10.1186/s40170-023-00318-y
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Article: Obesity and breast cancer prognosis: pre-diagnostic anthropometric measures in relation to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

Harborg, Sixten / Feldt, Maria / Cronin-Fenton, Deirdre / Klintman, Marie / Dalton, Susanne O / Rosendahl, Ann H / Borgquist, Signe

Cancer & metabolism

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Purpose: Examine the association between obesity and clinical outcomes in early breast cancer and assess if patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics modify such associations in Malmö Diet and Cancer Study patients (MDCS).: Methods: The MDCS ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Examine the association between obesity and clinical outcomes in early breast cancer and assess if patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics modify such associations in Malmö Diet and Cancer Study patients (MDCS). Methods: The MDCS enrolled 17,035 Swedish women from 1991 to 1996. At enrollment, participants' body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat percentage measures were collected. We identified all female MDCS participants with invasive breast cancer from 1991 to 2014. Follow-up began at breast cancer diagnosis and ended at breast cancer recurrence (BCR), death, emigration, or June 8, 2020. The World Health Organization guidelines were used to classify BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage into three categories of healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. We fit Cox regression models to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of BCR according to body composition. To evaluate effect measure modification, we stratified Cox models by patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Results: In total, 263 BCRs were diagnosed over 12,816 person-years among 1099 breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 11.1 years. Obesity according to BMI (HR = 1.44 [95%CI 1.00-2.07]), waist circumference (HR = 1.31 [95%CI 0.98-1.77]), and body fat percentage (HR = 1.41 [95%CI 1.02-1.98]) was associated with increased risk of BCR compared with healthy weight. Obesity was stronger associated with BCR in patients with low socioeconomic position (HR = 2.55 [95%CI 1.08-6.02]), larger tumors > 20 mm (HR = 2.68 [95%CI 1.42-5.06]), estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer (HR = 3.13 [95%CI 1.09-8.97]), and with adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (HR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.08-4.31]). Conclusion: Higher pre-diagnostic BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage was associated with increased risk of BCR. The association between obesity and BCR appears dependent on patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2700141-6
ISSN	2049-3002
ISSN	2049-3002
DOI	10.1186/s40170-023-00308-0
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Article ; Online: Exploring digital interventions to facilitate coping and discomfort for nurses experiencing the menopause in the workplace: An international qualitative study.

Cronin, Camille / Bidwell, Gemma / Carey, Janene / Donevant, Sara / Hughes, Kerri-Ann / Kaunonen, Marja / Marcussen, Jette / Wilson, Rhonda

Journal of advanced nursing

2023 Volume 79, Issue 10, Page(s) 3760–3775

Abstract: Introduction: The global nursing workforce is predominantly female, with a large proportion working in the 45-55 age group. Menopause is a transition for all women, and; therefore needs recognition as it can impact work performance and consequently ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The global nursing workforce is predominantly female, with a large proportion working in the 45-55 age group. Menopause is a transition for all women, and; therefore needs recognition as it can impact work performance and consequently staff turnover. Background: Women will go through the menopause, but not all women are affected. The menopause transition presents a range of signs and symptoms both physical and psychological which can impact the quality of life and individuals' work/life balance. The nursing workforce is predominantly women that will work through the menopause transition. Objectives: The study explored perspectives on digital health interventions as strategies to support menopausal women and to understand the requirements for designing health interventions for support in the workplace. Design: A qualitative explorative design. Settings: Nurses working in a range of clinical settings in England, Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia and USA. Methods: Nurses (n = 48) participated in focus groups from six different countries from February 2020-June 2022 during the pandemic from a range of acute, primary care and education settings. Nurses were invited to participate to share their experiences. Thematic analysis was used. Results: All participants were able to describe the physical symptoms of menopause, with some cultural and possible hemisphere differences; more noticeable was the psychological burden of menopause and fatigue that is not always recognized. Four themes were identified: Managing symptoms in the workplace; Recognition in the workplace; Menopause interventions; and Expectation versus the invisible reality. These themes revealed information that can be translated for implementation into digital health interventions. Conclusions: Managers of nursing female staff in the menopausal age range need greater awareness, and menopause education should involve everyone. Finally, our results demonstrate design attributes suitable for inclusion in digital health strategies that are aligned with likely alleviation of some of the discomforts of menopause. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Menopause ; Workplace ; Nurses
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197634-5
ISSN	1365-2648 ; 0309-2402
ISSN (online)	1365-2648
ISSN	0309-2402
DOI	10.1111/jan.15679
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Article ; Online: HIV and mpox: Evaluation of clinical course and outcomes from an international dermatologic registry.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

2023 Volume 90, Issue 5, Page(s) 1011–1013

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Disease Progression ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603641-7
ISSN	1097-6787 ; 0190-9622
ISSN (online)	1097-6787
ISSN	0190-9622
DOI	10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.032
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Book: Public relations capitalism

Cronin, Anne M

promotional culture, publics and commercial democracy

(Palgrave pivot)

2018

Author's details	Anne M. Cronin
Series title	Palgrave pivot
Keywords	Capitalism and mass media ; Charities/Public relations ; Corporations/Public relations ; Mass media and business ; Public relations
Language	English
Size	vii, 120 Seiten, 21 cm
Document type	Book
ISBN	9783319726366 ; 9783319726373 ; 3319726366 ; 3319726374
Database	ECONomics Information System

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