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  1. Article ; Online: Effect of Baseline Anxiety and Depression Symptoms on Selected Outcomes Following Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

    Cullen, Kate / Talbot, Daniel / Gillmor, Julie / McGrath, Colin / OʼDonnell, Rory / Baily-Scanlan, Maria / Broderick, Julie

    Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention

    2017  Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 279–282

    Abstract: Purpose: Anxiety and depression are prevalent comorbidities in people with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). This study sought to quantify the influence of varying degrees of anxiety and depression on functional performance and disease impact in a ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Anxiety and depression are prevalent comorbidities in people with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). This study sought to quantify the influence of varying degrees of anxiety and depression on functional performance and disease impact in a population with CRDs following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) intervention.
    Methods: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT) were assessed pre- and post-PR. Participants were categorized into 3 groups (None, Probable, and Present) based on their level of anxiety and depression. Functional performance and disease impact outcomes were compared pre- and post-PR.
    Results: Patients consisted of a total of 134 program completers (72 males, 62 females; mean age = 67.8 years). Significant improvements in functional performance with regard to 6MWT scores were observed across all groups postintervention (P < .05). The Present group, in both the anxiety and depression domains, failed to reach a minimally clinically important difference postintervention. The Probable and Present groups achieved a significant improvement in CAT scores postintervention (P < .05).
    Conclusions: This study showed that symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with CRDs were significantly related to lower exercise tolerance levels and higher levels of disease impact. People with increased levels of anxiety and depression have the potential to significantly improve disease impact outcomes post-PR. The results demonstrated that the detection and treatment of anxiety and depression symptoms in people with CRDs are likely to be clinically important.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2272063-7
    ISSN 1932-751X ; 1932-7501
    ISSN (online) 1932-751X
    ISSN 1932-7501
    DOI 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1998: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Improving Depression Among HIV-Infected Adults: Transporting the Effect of a Depression Treatment Intervention to Routine Care.

    Bengtson, Angela M / Pence, Brian W / Gaynes, Bradley N / Quinlivan, E Byrd / Heine, Amy D / OʼDonnell, Julie K / Crane, Heidi M / Mathews, W Christopher / Moore, Richard D / Westreich, Daniel / OʼCleirigh, Conall / Christopoulos, Katerina / Mimiaga, Matthew J / Mugavero, Michael J

    Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

    2016  Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 482–488

    Abstract: Background: Depression affects 20%-30% of people with HIV. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions to improve depression among HIV-infected adults, but typically have highly selected populations which may ...

    Abstract Background: Depression affects 20%-30% of people with HIV. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions to improve depression among HIV-infected adults, but typically have highly selected populations which may limit generalizability. Inverse probability of sampling weights (IPSW) is a recently proposed method to transport (or standardize) findings from RCTs to a specific external target population.
    Methods: We used IPSW to transport the 6-month effect of the Measurement-Based Care (MBC) intervention on depression from the SLAM DUNC trial to a population of HIV-infected, depressed adults in routine care in the United States between 2010 and 2014.
    Results: In the RCT, MBC was associated with an improvement in depression at 6 months of 3.6 points on the Hamilton Depression Rating scale [95% confidence interval (CI): -5.9 to -1.3]. When IPSW were used to standardize results from the trial to the target population, the intervention effect was attenuated by 1.2 points (mean improvement 2.4 points; 95% CI: -6.1 to 1.3).
    Conclusions: If implemented among HIV-infected, depressed adults in routine care, MBC may be less effective than in the RCT but can still be expected to reduce depression. Attenuation of the intervention effect among adults in routine care reflects the fact that the trial enrolled a larger proportion of individuals for whom the intervention was more effective. Given the burden of depression among HIV-infected adults, more effective interventions to improve depression are urgently needed. However, examining the transportability of trial findings is essential to understand whether similar effects can be expected if interventions are scaled-up.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Depression/etiology ; Depression/therapy ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645053-2
    ISSN 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    ISSN (online) 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
    ISSN 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    DOI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2442: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  3. Article ; Online: Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Treatment Outcomes in a Prospective Study of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) HIV Coinfection Treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

    Yuengling, Katharine A / Padayatchi, Nesri / Wolf, Allison / Mathema, Barun / Brown, Tyler / Horsburgh, C Robert / OʼDonnell, Max R

    Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

    2018  Volume 79, Issue 4, Page(s) 474–480

    Abstract: ... were enrolled from August 2009 to July 2011. Among HIV-coinfected patients, 82.5% were ...

    Abstract Background: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)/HIV coinfection has been associated with high mortality and poor TB outcomes. We performed a prospective study to comprehensively characterize a cohort of patients with XDR-TB.
    Methods: Adult patients with XDR-TB were enrolled at treatment initiation at a TB referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, and followed through the end of treatment. Clinical data, questionnaires, adherence data, and sputum were collected monthly. Whole genome sequencing was performed on baseline Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates. Treatment outcomes were defined using standard definitions.
    Results: One hundred five patients with XDR-TB (76.1% HIV-infected) were enrolled from August 2009 to July 2011. Among HIV-coinfected patients, 82.5% were on antiretroviral therapy initially and 93.8% cumulatively over the study period. At 24 months, 31.4% had a successful outcome and 68.6% had an unsuccessful outcome with 41% mortality. Antiretroviral therapy was associated with improved mortality in HIV-coinfected patients (P = 0.05), as was TB culture conversion (P < 0.0001). On whole genome sequencing, most strains were LAM4/KZN lineage (68%), with few single nucleotide polymorphism differences.
    Conclusions: Despite improved HIV care, treatment outcomes and mortality were only modestly improved compared with previous South African XDR-TB/HIV treatment cohorts. Of note, this study was completed before the introduction of new antimycobacterial agents (eg, bedaquiline and delamanid). As new TB drugs and regimens become available, it is important to monitor treatment to ensure that benefits seen in clinical trials are reproduced in high-burden, low-resource settings.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection/drug therapy ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/mortality ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification ; Prospective Studies ; South Africa ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645053-2
    ISSN 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    ISSN (online) 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
    ISSN 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    DOI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2442: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  4. Article ; Online: Implementation and Operational Research: Clinical Impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

    Padayatchi, Nesri / Naidu, Naressa / Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla / OʼDonnell, Max Roe / Naidoo, Kogieleum / Augustine, Stanton / Zumla, Alimuddin / Loveday, Marian

    Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

    2016  Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) e1–7

    Abstract: ... period (Conventional group), July 2008-2010. Primary impact measure was "treatment success ...

    Abstract Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been widely implemented in South Africa for rapid tuberculosis (TB) screening. However, its usefulness in management and improving treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains undefined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of introduction of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in patients with MDR-TB.
    Methods: We enrolled 921 patients with MDR-TB, who presented to a specialist drug-resistant TB facility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, pre- and post-rollout and implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Clinical, laboratory, chest radiograph, and follow-up data from 108 patients with MDR-TB, post-introduction of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert group) in November 2010, were analyzed and compared with data from 813 MDR-TB patients from the pre-MTB/RIF assay period (Conventional group), July 2008-2010. Primary impact measure was "treatment success" (World Health Organization definition) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes were time to treatment initiation and disease morbidity.
    Results: There were no significant differences in treatment success rates between the pre-Xpert MTB/RIF and post-Xpert MTB/RIF groups (54% versus 56.5%, P = 0.681). Median time to treatment initiation was 20 days (interquartile range, 13-31) in the Xpert group versus 92 days (interquartile range, 69-120) in the Conventional group (P < 0.001).
    Conclusions: Although use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay significantly reduces the time to initiation of MDR-TB treatment, it had no significant impact on treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB. Studies on the impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay usage on transmission of MDR-TB are required.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Research ; South Africa ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645053-2
    ISSN 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    ISSN (online) 1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
    ISSN 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
    DOI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2442: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  5. Article: Creating a Stable Oxide at the Surface of Black Phosphorus

    Edmonds, M. T / Carvalho A / Coker D. F / Fuhrer M. S / Koenig S. P / Neto A. H. Castro / O’Donnell K. M / Özyilmaz B / Tadich A / Ziletti A

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2015 July 15, v. 7, no. 27

    2015  

    Abstract: The stability of the surface of in situ cleaved black phosphorus crystals upon exposure to atmosphere is investigated with synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. After 2 days atmosphere exposure a stable subnanometer layer of primarily P₂O₠... ...

    Abstract The stability of the surface of in situ cleaved black phosphorus crystals upon exposure to atmosphere is investigated with synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. After 2 days atmosphere exposure a stable subnanometer layer of primarily P₂O₅ forms at the surface. The work function increases by 0.1 eV from 3.9 eV for as-cleaved black phosphorus to 4.0 eV after formation of the 0.4 nm thick oxide, with phosphorus core levels shifting by <0.1 eV. The results indicate minimal charge transfer, suggesting that the oxide layer is suitable for passivation or as an interface layer for further dielectric deposition.
    Keywords crystals ; phosphorus ; phosphorus pentoxide ; spectroscopy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0715
    Size p. 14557-14562.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021%2Facsami.5b01297
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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