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Article ; Online: Novel coronavirus and astrovirus in Delaware Bay shorebirds.

Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Briese, Thomas / Krauss, Scott / Sanchez, Maria D / Jain, Komal / Hutchison, Stephen K / Webster, Robert G / Lipkin, W Ian

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e93395

Abstract: Background: Wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. We used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the Delaware Bay, USA; an important feeding ground for thousands ...

Abstract	Background: Wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. We used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the Delaware Bay, USA; an important feeding ground for thousands of migratory birds. Findings: Analysis of shorebird fecal samples indicated the presence of a novel astrovirus and coronavirus. A sanderling sample yielded sequences with distant homology to avian nephritis virus 1, an astrovirus associated with acute nephritis in poultry. A ruddy turnstone sample yielded sequences with homology to deltacoronaviruses. Conclusions: Our findings highlight shorebirds as a virus reservoir and the need to closely monitor wild bird populations for the emergence of novel virus variants.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Astroviridae/genetics ; Astroviridae Infections/virology ; Bays ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Birds/virology ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Delaware ; Feces/chemistry
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0093395
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Novel picornavirus in Turkey poults with hepatitis, California, USA.

Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Shivaprasad, H L / Briese, Thomas / Street, Craig / Hirschberg, David L / Hutchison, Stephen K / Lipkin, W Ian

Emerging infectious diseases

2011 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 480–487

Abstract: To identify a candidate etiologic agent for turkey viral hepatitis, we analyzed samples from diseased turkey poults from 8 commercial flocks in California, USA, that were collected during 2008-2010. High-throughput pyrosequencing of RNA from livers of ... ...

Abstract	To identify a candidate etiologic agent for turkey viral hepatitis, we analyzed samples from diseased turkey poults from 8 commercial flocks in California, USA, that were collected during 2008-2010. High-throughput pyrosequencing of RNA from livers of poults with turkey viral hepatitis (TVH) revealed picornavirus sequences. Subsequent cloning of the ≈9-kb genome showed an organization similar to that of picornaviruses with conservation of motifs within the P1, P2, and P3 genome regions, but also unique features, including a 1.2-kb sequence of unknown function at the junction of P1 and P2 regions. Real-time PCR confirmed viral RNA in liver, bile, intestine, serum, and cloacal swab specimens from diseased poults. Analysis of liver by in situ hybridization with viral probes and immunohistochemical testing of serum demonstrated viral nucleic acid and protein in livers of diseased poults. Molecular, anatomic, and immunologic evidence suggests that TVH is caused by a novel picornavirus, tentatively named turkey hepatitis virus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; California ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology ; Liver/virology ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae/classification ; Picornaviridae/genetics ; Picornaviridae/isolation & purification ; Picornaviridae/pathogenicity ; Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Turkeys/virology
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid1703.101410
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The diagnosis of proventricular dilatation disease: use of a Western blot assay to detect antibodies against avian Borna virus.

Villanueva, Itamar / Gray, Patricia / Mirhosseini, Negin / Payne, Susan / Hoppes, Sharman / Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Briese, Thomas / Turner, Debra / Tizard, Ian

Veterinary microbiology

2010 Volume 143, Issue 2-4, Page(s) 196–201

Abstract: Avian Borna virus (ABV) has recently been shown to be the causal agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) a lethal neurologic disease of captive psittacines and other birds. An immunoblot assay was used to detect the presence of antibodies ... ...

Abstract	Avian Borna virus (ABV) has recently been shown to be the causal agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) a lethal neurologic disease of captive psittacines and other birds. An immunoblot assay was used to detect the presence of antibodies against avian Borna virus in the serum of affected birds. A lysate from ABV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts served as a source of antigen. The assay was used to test for the presence of antibodies to ABV in 117 birds. Thirty of these birds had biopsy or necropsy-confirmed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), while the remaining 87 birds were apparently healthy or were suffering from diseases other than PDD. Sera from 27 of the 30 PDD cases (90%) contained antibodies to ABV. Seventy-three (84%) of the apparently "healthy" birds were seronegative. Additionally, sera from seven macaws and one parrot trapped in the Peruvian Amazon were seronegative. Positive sera recognized the bornaviral nucleoprotein (N-protein). While the presence of antibodies to ABV largely corresponded with the development of clinical PDD, 14 apparently healthy normal birds possessed detectable antibodies to ABV. The existence of a carrier state was confirmed when 13 of 15 apparently healthy cockatiels were shown by PCR to have detectable ABV RNA in their feces. Western blot assays may be of significant assistance in diagnosing proventricular dilatation disease. Many apparently healthy birds may however be seronegative while, at the same time, shedding ABV in their feces.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Bird Diseases/blood ; Bird Diseases/immunology ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Blotting, Western/veterinary ; Borna Disease/blood ; Borna Disease/diagnosis ; Borna disease virus/immunology ; Psittaciformes ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.041
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Article ; Online: Novel coronavirus and astrovirus in Delaware Bay shorebirds.

Kirsi S Honkavuori / Thomas Briese / Scott Krauss / Maria D Sanchez / Komal Jain / Stephen K Hutchison / Robert G Webster / W Ian Lipkin

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 4, p e

2014 Volume 93395

Abstract: Wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. We used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the Delaware Bay, USA; an important feeding ground for thousands of migratory ...

Abstract	Wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. We used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the Delaware Bay, USA; an important feeding ground for thousands of migratory birds.Analysis of shorebird fecal samples indicated the presence of a novel astrovirus and coronavirus. A sanderling sample yielded sequences with distant homology to avian nephritis virus 1, an astrovirus associated with acute nephritis in poultry. A ruddy turnstone sample yielded sequences with homology to deltacoronaviruses.Our findings highlight shorebirds as a virus reservoir and the need to closely monitor wild bird populations for the emergence of novel virus variants.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel Picornavirus in Turkey Poults with Hepatitis, California, USA

Kirsi S. Honkavuori / H. L. Shivaprasad / Thomas Briese / Craig Street / David L. Hirschberg / Stephen K. Hutchison / W. Ian Lipkin

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 480-

2011 Volume 487

Abstract: To identify a candidate etiologic agent for turkey viral hepatitis, we analyzed samples from diseased turkey poults from 8 commercial flocks in California, USA, that were collected during 2008–2010. High-throughput pyrosequencing of RNA from livers of ... ...

Abstract	To identify a candidate etiologic agent for turkey viral hepatitis, we analyzed samples from diseased turkey poults from 8 commercial flocks in California, USA, that were collected during 2008–2010. High-throughput pyrosequencing of RNA from livers of poults with turkey viral hepatitis (TVH) revealed picornavirus sequences. Subsequent cloning of the ≈9-kb genome showed an organization similar to that of picornaviruses with conservation of motifs within the P1, P2, and P3 genome regions, but also unique features, including a 1.2-kb sequence of unknown function at the junction of P1 and P2 regions. Real-time PCR confirmed viral RNA in liver, bile, intestine, serum, and cloacal swab specimens from diseased poults. Analysis of liver by in situ hybridization with viral probes and immunohistochemical testing of serum demonstrated viral nucleic acid and protein in livers of diseased poults. Molecular, anatomic, and immunologic evidence suggests that TVH is caused by a novel picornavirus, tentatively named turkey hepatitis virus.
Keywords	turkeys ; avian ; hepatitis ; picornavirus ; immunohistochemistry ; viruses ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Proventricular dilatation disease associated with Avian bornavirus in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao).

Keller, Dominique L / Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Briese, Thomas / Lipkin, W Ian / Muthuswamy, Anantharaman / Steinberg, Howard / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

2009 Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 961–965

Abstract: A case of proventricular dilatation disease is described in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao) from clinical presentation to diagnosis with molecular methods. The initial clinical signs were depression progressing to head pressing over several days. A ... ...

Abstract	A case of proventricular dilatation disease is described in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao) from clinical presentation to diagnosis with molecular methods. The initial clinical signs were depression progressing to head pressing over several days. A leukocytosis with toxic heterophil changes, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were present. Lead and zinc assays were within reference ranges, and results from Chlamydophila and polyomavirus testing were negative. Contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy revealed normal gastrointestinal transit times and motility as well as the presence of 2 small metallic foreign bodies in the ventriculus. The macaw was treated with antimicrobials, analgesics, vitamins E and B complex, force-feeding, and fluid administration with little improvement. Euthanasia was elected, and histologic examination of brain tissue revealed a perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, while the lungs had evidence of a fungal pneumonia. Tissue samples from the brain and proventriculus tested positive for the presence of Avian bornavirus genotype 2, while serology confirmed Avian bornavirus infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bird Diseases/pathology ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Bornaviridae/classification ; Bornaviridae/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology ; Male ; Mononegavirales Infections/veterinary ; Mononegavirales Infections/virology ; Parrots ; Phylogeny ; Proventriculus/virology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/104063871002200619
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Proventricular Dilatation Disease Associated with Avian Bornavirus in a Scarlet Macaw (Ara Macao)

Keller, Dominique L / Anantharaman Muthuswamy / Howard Steinberg / Kirsi S. Honkavuori / Kurt K. Sladky / Thomas Briese / W. Ian Lipkin

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation. , v. 22, no. 6

2010

Abstract: A case of proventricular dilatation disease is described in a scarlet macaw(Ara macao) from clinical presentation to diagnosis with molecular methods. The initial clinical signs were depression progressing to head pressing over several days. A ... ...

Abstract	A case of proventricular dilatation disease is described in a scarlet macaw(Ara macao) from clinical presentation to diagnosis with molecular methods. The initial clinical signs were depression progressing to head pressing over several days. A leukocytosis with toxic heterophil changes, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were present. Lead and zinc assays were within reference ranges, and results from Chlamydophila and polyomavirus testing were negative. Contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy revealed normal gastrointestinal transit times and motility as well as the presence of 2 small metallic foreign bodies in the ventriculus. The macaw was treated with antimicrobials, analgesics, vitamins E and B complex, force-feeding, and fluid administration with little improvement. Euthanasia was elected, and histologic examination of brain tissue revealed a perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, while the lungs had evidence of a fungal pneumonia. Tissue samples from the brain and proventriculus tested positive for the presence of Avian bornavirus genotype 2, while serology confirmed Avian bornavirus infection.
Keywords	analgesics ; Ara ; aspartate transaminase ; birds ; Bornavirus ; brain ; Chlamydophila ; creatine kinase ; euthanasia ; foreign bodies ; gastrointestinal transit ; genotype ; heterophils ; immunology ; lungs ; pneumonia ; vitamins ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-11
Size	p. 961-965.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/104063871002200619
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Use of avian bornavirus isolates to induce proventricular dilatation disease in conures.

Gray, Patricia / Hoppes, Sharman / Suchodolski, Paulette / Mirhosseini, Negin / Payne, Susan / Villanueva, Itamar / Shivaprasad, H L / Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Lipkin, W Ian / Briese, Thomas / Reddy, Sanjay M / Tizard, Ian

Emerging infectious diseases

2010 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 473–479

Abstract: Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a newly discovered member of the family Bornaviridae that has been associated with the development of a lethal neurologic syndrome in birds, termed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). We successfully isolated and ... ...

Abstract	Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a newly discovered member of the family Bornaviridae that has been associated with the development of a lethal neurologic syndrome in birds, termed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). We successfully isolated and characterized ABV from the brains of 8 birds with confirmed PDD. One isolate was passed 6 times in duck embryo fibroblasts, and the infected cells were then injected intramuscularly into 2 healthy Patagonian conures (Cyanoliseus patagonis). Clinical PDD developed in both birds by 66 days postinfection. PDD was confirmed by necropsy and histopathologic examination. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that the inoculated ABV was in the brains of the 2 infected birds. A control bird that received uninfected tissue culture cells remained healthy until it was euthanized at 77 days. Necropsy and histopathologic examinations showed no abnormalities; PCR did not indicate ABV in its brain tissues.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Bornaviridae/isolation & purification ; Bornaviridae/pathogenicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Ducks/embryology ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Parrots/virology ; Proventriculus/pathology ; Proventriculus/physiopathology ; Proventriculus/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid1603.091257
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Anatomical distribution of avian bornavirus in parrots, its occurrence in clinically healthy birds and ABV-antibody detection.

Lierz, Michael / Hafez, Hafez M / Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Gruber, Achim D / Olias, Philipp / Abdelwhab, Elsayed M / Kohls, Andrea / Lipkin, W Ian / Briese, Thomas / Hauck, Ruediger

Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A

2009 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 491–496

Abstract: Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a fatal infectious disease of birds that primarily affects psittacine birds. Although a causative agent has not been formally demonstrated, the leading candidate is a novel avian bornavirus (ABV) detected in ... ...

Abstract	Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a fatal infectious disease of birds that primarily affects psittacine birds. Although a causative agent has not been formally demonstrated, the leading candidate is a novel avian bornavirus (ABV) detected in post-mortem tissue samples of psittacids with PDD from the USA, Israel and, recently, Germany. Here we describe the presence of ABV in a parrot with PDD as well as in clinically normal birds exposed to birds with PDD. In two ABV-positive post-mortem cases, the tissue distribution of ABV was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Viraemia was observed in a PDD-affected bird whereas a restriction of ABV to nerve tissue was found in the non-PDD-affected bird. Healthy birds from the same aviary as the affected birds were also found to harbour the virus; 19/59 (32.2%) birds tested positive for ABV RNA in cloacal swabs, providing the first evidence of ABV in clinically healthy birds. In contrast, 39 birds from the same geographic area, but from two different aviaries without PDD cases in recent years, had negative cloacal swabs. ABV RNA-positive, clinically healthy birds demonstrated the same serological response as the animal with confirmed PDD. These results indicate that ABV infection may occur without clinical evidence of PDD and suggest that cloacal swabs can enable the non-invasive detection of ABV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Bornaviridae/isolation & purification ; Female ; Heart Diseases/veterinary ; Heart Diseases/virology ; Male ; Mononegavirales Infections/veterinary ; Mononegavirales Infections/virology ; Parrots ; Viremia
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1476380-1
ISSN	1465-3338 ; 0307-9457
ISSN (online)	1465-3338
ISSN	0307-9457
DOI	10.1080/03079450903349238
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The diagnosis of proventricular dilatation disease: Use of a Western blot assay to detect antibodies against avian Borna virus

Villanueva, Itamar / Gray, Patricia / Mirhosseini, Negin / Payne, Susan / Hoppes, Sharman / Honkavuori, Kirsi S / Briese, Thomas / Turner, Debra / Tizard, Ian

Veterinary microbiology. 2010 July 14, v. 143, no. 2-4

2010

Abstract	Avian Borna virus (ABV) has recently been shown to be the causal agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) a lethal neurologic disease of captive psittacines and other birds. An immunoblot assay was used to detect the presence of antibodies against avian Borna virus in the serum of affected birds. A lysate from ABV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts served as a source of antigen. The assay was used to test for the presence of antibodies to ABV in 117 birds. Thirty of these birds had biopsy or necropsy-confirmed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), while the remaining 87 birds were apparently healthy or were suffering from diseases other than PDD. Sera from 27 of the 30 PDD cases (90%) contained antibodies to ABV. Seventy-three (84%) of the apparently “healthy” birds were seronegative. Additionally, sera from seven macaws and one parrot trapped in the Peruvian Amazon were seronegative. Positive sera recognized the bornaviral nucleoprotein (N-protein). While the presence of antibodies to ABV largely corresponded with the development of clinical PDD, 14 apparently healthy normal birds possessed detectable antibodies to ABV. The existence of a carrier state was confirmed when 13 of 15 apparently healthy cockatiels were shown by PCR to have detectable ABV RNA in their feces. Western blot assays may be of significant assistance in diagnosing proventricular dilatation disease. Many apparently healthy birds may however be seronegative while, at the same time, shedding ABV in their feces.
Keywords	Psittacidae ; parrots ; aviary birds ; bird diseases ; Borna disease ; Borna disease virus ; disease detection ; Western blotting ; antibody detection ; bioassays ; blood serum ; hematologic tests ; validity ; disease diagnosis ; central nervous system diseases ; etiology ; disease transmission ; carrier state
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-0714
Size	p. 196-201.
Publishing place	Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.041
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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