LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 2963

Search options

  1. Article: Music performance anxiety: the role of early parenting experiences and cognitive schemas.

    Kirsner, Jennifer / Wilson, Sarah J / Osborne, Margaret S

    Frontiers in psychology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1185296

    Abstract: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a common challenge for classical musicians, however its etiology has received minimal research, particularly in regards to caregiver experiences during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this research was to explore ... ...

    Abstract Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a common challenge for classical musicians, however its etiology has received minimal research, particularly in regards to caregiver experiences during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of childhood experiences with parents along with patterns of dysfunctional cognitive schemas that develop through childhood ('Early Maladaptive Schemas'; EMSs) on the manifestation and severity of MPA in adulthood. Study 1 employed 100 adult professional, amateur, and tertiary student classical musicians from across Australia. Participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). Study 2 included eight participants from Study 1, five of whom scored 1.5 standard deviations or more above the mean K-MPAI score and three of whom scored 1.5 standard deviations or more below the mean K-MPAI score. Participants were interviewed about experiences of parenting during childhood and adolescence, along with their experiences of MPA and musical training. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore themes in the interview data. Study 1 factor analysis revealed four higher-order EMS factors,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185296
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article: Probing Bioactive Chemical Space to Discover RNA-Targeted Small Molecules.

    Wicks, Sarah L / Morgan, Brittany S / Wilson, Alexander W / Hargrove, Amanda E

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Small molecules have become increasingly recognized as invaluable tools to study RNA structure and function and to develop RNA-targeted therapeutics. To rationally design RNA-targeting ligands, a comprehensive understanding and explicit testing of small ... ...

    Abstract Small molecules have become increasingly recognized as invaluable tools to study RNA structure and function and to develop RNA-targeted therapeutics. To rationally design RNA-targeting ligands, a comprehensive understanding and explicit testing of small molecule properties that govern molecular recognition is crucial. To date, most studies have primarily evaluated properties of small molecules that bind RNA
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.07.31.551350
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Investigating disparities in smoking cessation treatment for veterans with multiple sclerosis: A national analysis.

    Polick, Carri S / Dennis, Paul / Calhoun, Patrick S / Braley, Tiffany J / Lee, Eunice / Wilson, Sarah

    Brain and behavior

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e3513

    Abstract: Background and aims: Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) development, symptom burden, decreased medication efficacy, and increased disease-related mortality. Veterans with MS (VwMS) smoke at critically high rates; however, treatment ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) development, symptom burden, decreased medication efficacy, and increased disease-related mortality. Veterans with MS (VwMS) smoke at critically high rates; however, treatment rates and possible disparities are unknown. To promote equitable treatment, we aim to investigate smoking cessation prescription practices for VwMS across social determinant factors.
    Methods: We extracted data from the national Veterans Health Administration electronic health records between October 1, 2017, and September 30, 2018. To derive marginal estimates of the association of MS with receipt of smoking-cessation pharmacotherapy, we used propensity score matching through the extreme gradient boosting machine learning model. VwMS who smoke were matched with veterans without MS who smoke on factors including age, race, depression, and healthcare visits. To assess the marginal association of MS with different cessation treatments, we used logistic regression and conducted stratified analyses by sex, race, and ethnicity.
    Results: The matched sample achieved a good balance across most covariates, compared to the pre-match sample. VwMS (n = 3320) had decreased odds of receiving prescriptions for nicotine patches ([Odds Ratio]OR = 0.86, p < .01), non-patch nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; OR = 0.81, p < .001), and standard practice dual NRT (OR = 0.77, p < .01), compared to matches without MS (n = 13,280). Men with MS had lower odds of receiving prescriptions for nicotine patches (OR = 0.88, p = .05), non-patch NRT (OR = 0.77, p < .001), and dual NRT (OR = 0.72, p < .001). Similarly, Black VwMS had lower odds of receiving prescriptions for patches (OR = 0.62, p < .001), non-patch NRT (OR = 0.75, p < .05), and dual NRT (OR = 0.52, p < .01). The odds of receiving prescriptions for bupropion or varenicline did not differ between VwMS and matches without MS.
    Conclusion: VwMS received significantly less smoking cessation treatment, compared to matched controls without MS, showing a critical gap in health services as VwMS are not receiving dual NRT as the standard of care. Prescription rates were especially lower for male and Black VwMS, suggesting that under-represented demographic groups outside of the white female category, most often considered as the "traditional MS" group, could be under-treated regarding smoking cessation support. This foundational work will help inform future work to promote equitable treatment and implementation of cessation interventions for people living with MS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Veterans/statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; United States/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices/statistics & numerical data ; Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs/statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Cessation Agents/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Bupropion/therapeutic use ; Varenicline/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Smoking Cessation Agents ; Bupropion (01ZG3TPX31) ; Varenicline (W6HS99O8ZO)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.3513
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article: Mobile health contingency management for smoking cessation among veterans experiencing homelessness: A comparative effectiveness trial.

    Wilson, Sarah M / Blalock, Dan V / Young, Jonathan R / Griffin, Sarah C / Hertzberg, Jeffrey S / Calhoun, Patrick S / Beckham, Jean C

    Preventive medicine reports

    2023  Volume 35, Page(s) 102311

    Abstract: Tobacco cessation is reduced in U.S. military veterans experiencing homelessness. Mobile ...

    Abstract Tobacco cessation is reduced in U.S. military veterans experiencing homelessness. Mobile contingency management (mCM) is a promising treatment for tobacco use among populations experiencing homelessness, but past CM studies have largely been small, have relied on in-person follow-up, and/or lacked long-term biochemically verified abstinence measures. Veterans who smoked and were experiencing homelessness (N = 127) were randomly assigned to mCM treatment (4 weeks of mCM, 5 weeks of telehealth counseling, and the option of 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy) or VA standard care (3 biweekly group sessions and clinically appropriate pharmacotherapy), and all participants were randomly assigned to a $100 longer-term financial incentive for abstinence at 3-month follow-up. Participants were followed at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-randomization, with the a priori main outcome designated as biochemically verified prolonged abstinence (with lapses) at 6-month follow-up. At 6-months, participants in the mCM group were significantly more likely to meet criteria for prolonged abstinence (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2785569-7
    ISSN 2211-3355
    ISSN 2211-3355
    DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102311
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Lymphatic distribution considerations for subunit vaccine design and development.

    Hartmeier, Paul R / Ostrowski, Sarah M / Busch, Emelia E / Empey, Kerry M / Meng, Wilson S

    Vaccine

    2024  Volume 42, Issue 10, Page(s) 2519–2529

    Abstract: Subunit vaccines are an important platform for controlling current and emerging infectious diseases. The lymph nodes are the primary site generating the humoral response and delivery of antigens to these sites is critical to effective immunization. ... ...

    Abstract Subunit vaccines are an important platform for controlling current and emerging infectious diseases. The lymph nodes are the primary site generating the humoral response and delivery of antigens to these sites is critical to effective immunization. Indeed, the duration of antigen exposure within the lymph node is correlated with the antibody response. While current licensed vaccines are typically given through the intramuscular route, injecting vaccines subcutaneously allows for direct access to lymphatic vessels and therefore can enhance the transfer of antigen to the lymph nodes. However, protein subunit antigen uptake into the lymph nodes is inefficient, and subunit vaccines require adjuvants to stimulate the initial immune response. Therefore, formulation strategies have been developed to enhance the exposure of subunit proteins and adjuvants to the lymph nodes by increasing lymphatic uptake or prolonging the retention at the injection site. Given that lymph node exposure is a crucial consideration in vaccine design, in depth analyses of the pharmacokinetics of antigens and adjuvants should be the focus of future preclinical and clinical studies. This review will provide an overview of formulation strategies for targeting the lymphatics and prolonging antigen exposure and will discuss pharmacokinetic evaluations which can be applied toward vaccine development.
    MeSH term(s) Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Antigens ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Vaccination ; Lymph Nodes ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism ; Vaccine Development
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Adjuvants, Immunologic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Newborn and Early Infant Outcomes Following Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy.

    Jorgensen, Sarah C J / Drover, Samantha S M / Fell, Deshayne B / Austin, Peter C / D'Souza, Rohan / Guttmann, Astrid / Buchan, Sarah A / Wilson, Sarah E / Nasreen, Sharifa / Schwartz, Kevin L / Tadrous, Mina / Wilson, Kumanan / Kwong, Jeffrey C

    JAMA pediatrics

    2023  Volume 177, Issue 12, Page(s) 1314–1323

    Abstract: Importance: The study team previously showed that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospital admission in newborns and young infants. In this study, the study team ... ...

    Abstract Importance: The study team previously showed that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospital admission in newborns and young infants. In this study, the study team evaluated newborn and early infant safety outcomes following maternal messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, for which there is limited comparative epidemiological evidence.
    Objective: To determine if maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is associated with adverse newborn and early infant outcomes.
    Design, setting, and participants: This population-based retrospective cohort study took place in Ontario, Canada, using multiple linked health administrative databases. Singleton live births with an expected delivery date between May 1, 2021, and September 2, 2022, were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through March 2023.
    Exposure: Maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (1 or more doses) during pregnancy.
    Main outcomes and measures: Severe neonatal morbidity (SNM), neonatal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal readmission, and hospital admission up to 6 months of age. The study team calculated inverse probability of treatment weighted risk ratios (RRs) and fit weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models comparing outcomes in infants of mothers who received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with those who received no COVID-19 vaccine doses before delivery.
    Results: In total, 142 006 infants (72 595 male [51%]; mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 38.7 [1.7] weeks) were included; 85 670 were exposed to 1 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in utero (60%). Infants of vaccinated mothers had lower risks of SNM (vaccine exposed 7.3% vs vaccine unexposed 8.3%; adjusted RR [aRR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.90), neonatal death (0.09% vs 0.16%; aRR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.65), and NICU admission (11.4% vs 13.1%; aRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89). There was no association between maternal vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal readmission (5.5% vs 5.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.09) or 6-month hospital admission (8.4% vs 8.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.05).
    Conclusions and relevance: In this population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower risks of SNM, neonatal death, and NICU admission. In addition, neonatal and 6-month readmissions were not increased in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Perinatal Death ; RNA, Messenger, Stored ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Messenger, Stored
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2701223-2
    ISSN 2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
    ISSN (online) 2168-6211
    ISSN 2168-6203
    DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4499
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Kawa haumaru: a mātauranga Māori approach to child safety in Aotearoa New Zealand.

    Hunt, Mareta / Herbert, Sarah / Wilson, Melissa / Ameratunga, Shanthi

    The New Zealand medical journal

    2021  Volume 134, Issue 1543, Page(s) 123–132

    Abstract: ... tuakana (older sibling/s) and teina (younger sibling/s) relationships and (2) kotahitanga (collective ... Māori (Māori perspective/s) approach to injury prevention is necessary to reduce health inequities ...

    Abstract Enduring health inequities exist between Māori and non-Māori children within child injury prevention in Aotearoa. These inequities reflect broader patterns of health inequity experienced by Indigenous peoples globally and in Aotearoa. We assert their existence is the result of the ongoing impacts of colonisation and the dominant Pākehā framing by which injury prevention messages and interventions in Aotearoa have largely been developed. We argue the need for a strengths-based approach, grounded in mātauranga Māori (traditional Māori knowledge) and te ao Māori (traditional Māori worldview) perspectives, to form the basis of more effective child injury prevention messaging and interventions. In this viewpoint, we detail foundational elements of mātauranga Māori, tikanga (customs), kawa (practices) and mātāpono (values) that underlie Māori culture and contain protective elements and safety principles that can be readily applied to injury prevention messaging. We present two values-based child-rearing practices: (1) tuakana (older sibling/s) and teina (younger sibling/s) relationships and (2) kotahitanga (collective), which are determined by mātāpono that illustrate the value of a Māori framework. Incorporating a kaupapa Māori (Māori perspective/s) approach to injury prevention is necessary to reduce health inequities between Māori and non-Māori. Moreover, it offers a culturally safe approach that is responsive to Māori and enables tamariki (children) and whānau (families) to flourish.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Rearing/ethnology ; Health Equity ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples ; Medicine, Traditional/methods ; New Zealand ; Oceanic Ancestry Group ; Peer Group ; Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-08
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390590-1
    ISSN 1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
    ISSN (online) 1175-8716
    ISSN 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article: Reduced Brainstem Volume is Associated with Mobility Impairments in Youth with Cerebral Palsy.

    Trevarrow, Michael P / Dukkipati, S Shekar / Baker, Sarah E / Wilson, Tony W / Kurz, Max J

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired mobility that has been attributed to changes in structure and function within the nervous system. The brainstem is a region that plays a critical role in locomotion by connecting the cortex and cerebellum to ...

    Abstract Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired mobility that has been attributed to changes in structure and function within the nervous system. The brainstem is a region that plays a critical role in locomotion by connecting the cortex and cerebellum to the spinal cord, yet this region has been largely unstudied in persons with CP. The objective of this investigation was to use high-resolution structural MRI and biomechanical analyses to examine whether the volume of the whole brainstem and its constituent elements are altered in CP, and if these alterations relate to the mobility impairments within this population. We assessed the volume of the pons, midbrain, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) in a cohort of persons with CP (N = 26; Age = 16.3 ± 1.0 yrs; GMFCS levels I-IV, Females = 12) and a cohort of neurotypical (NT) controls (N = 38; Age = 14.3 ± 0.4 yrs, Females = 14) using structural MR imaging of the brainstem. Outside the scanner, a digital mat was used to quantify the spatiotemporal gait biomechanics of these individuals. Our MRI results revealed that there was a significant decrease in volume of the total brainstem, midbrain, and pons in persons with CP in comparison to the NT controls. Furthermore, we found that the altered volumes were related to reduced gait velocity and step length. These results suggest that there are structural changes in the brainstems of persons with CP that may contribute to the mobility impairments that are ubiquitous within this population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2566073/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: How accurate are self-evaluations of singing ability?

    Yeom, Daniel / Stead, Kendall S / Tan, Yi Ting / McPherson, Gary E / Wilson, Sarah J

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    2023  Volume 1530, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–95

    Abstract: Research has shown that people inaccurately assess their own abilities on self-report measures, including academic, athletic, and music ability. Evidence suggests this is also true for singing, with individuals either overestimating or underestimating ... ...

    Abstract Research has shown that people inaccurately assess their own abilities on self-report measures, including academic, athletic, and music ability. Evidence suggests this is also true for singing, with individuals either overestimating or underestimating their level of singing competency. In this paper, we present the Melbourne Singing Tool Questionnaire (MST-Q), a brief 16-item measure exploring people's self-perceptions of singing ability and engagement with singing. Using a large sample of Australian twins (n = 996), we identified three latent factors underlying MST-Q items and examined whether these factors were related to an objective phenotypic measure of singing ability. The three factors were identified as Personal Engagement, Social Engagement, and Self-Evaluation. All factors were positively associated with objective singing performance, with the Self-Evaluation factor yielding the strongest correlation (r = 0.66). Both the Self-Evaluation factor and a single self-report item of singing ability shared the same predictive strength. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that self-evaluation strongly predicts singing ability, and this self-evaluation is of higher predictive value than self-reported engagement with music and singing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Singing ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Australia ; Music ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 211003-9
    ISSN 1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
    ISSN (online) 1749-6632
    ISSN 0077-8923
    DOI 10.1111/nyas.15081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Reduced brainstem volume is associated with mobility impairments in youth with cerebral palsy.

    Trevarrow, Michael P / Dukkipati, Saihari S / Baker, Sarah E / Wilson, Tony W / Kurz, Max J

    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

    2023  Volume 117, Page(s) 114–119

    Abstract: Background: Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired mobility that has been attributed to changes in structure and function within the nervous system. The brainstem is a region that plays a critical role in mobility by connecting the cortex and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired mobility that has been attributed to changes in structure and function within the nervous system. The brainstem is a region that plays a critical role in mobility by connecting the cortex and cerebellum to the spinal cord, yet this region has been largely unstudied in persons with CP.
    Research question: We used high-resolution structural MRI and biomechanical analyses to examine whether the volume of the whole brainstem and its constituent elements are altered in CP and if these alterations relate to the mobility impairments within this population.
    Methods: A cohort study was conducted to assess the volume of the whole brainstem, pons, midbrain, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle in a cohort of persons with CP (N = 26; Age = 16.3 ± 1.0 years; GMFCS levels I-IV, Females = 12) and a cohort of neurotypical (NT) controls (N = 38; Age = 14.3 ± 0.4 years, Females = 14) using structural MR imaging of the brainstem. Outside the scanner, a digital mat was used to quantify the spatiotemporal gait biomechanics of these individuals.
    Results: We found a significant decrease in volume of the total brainstem, midbrain, and pons in persons with CP in comparison to the NT controls. Furthermore, we found that the altered volumes were related to reduced gait velocity and step length.
    Significance: The structural changes in the brainstems of persons with CP may contribute to the mobility impairments that are ubiquitous within this population.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnostic imaging ; Cohort Studies ; Brain Stem/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-04
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193674-5
    ISSN 1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
    ISSN (online) 1532-2653
    ISSN 0967-5868
    DOI 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.09.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top