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  1. Article ; Online: Identification of connective tissue disease autoantibodies and a novel autoantibody anti-annexin A11 in patients with "idiopathic" interstitial lung disease.

    Tansley, Sarah L / McMorrow, Fionnuala / Cotton, Caroline V / Adamali, Huzaifa / Barratt, Shaney L / Betteridge, Zoe E / Perurena-Prieto, Janire / Gibbons, Michael A / Kular, Raman / Loganathan, Aravinthan / Lamb, Janine A / Lu, Hui / New, Robert P / Pratt, Diane / Rivera-Ortega, Pilar / Sayers, Ross / Steward, Matthew / Stranks, Lachlan / Vital, Edward /
    Spencer, Lisa G / McHugh, Neil J / Cooper, Robert G

    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

    2024  Volume 262, Page(s) 110201

    Abstract: Background: Autoantibodies are a hallmark feature of Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD). Their presence in patients with idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) may suggest covert CTD. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CTD autoantibodies in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Autoantibodies are a hallmark feature of Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD). Their presence in patients with idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) may suggest covert CTD. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CTD autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with idiopathic ILD.
    Methods: 499 patient sera were analysed: 251 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 206 idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) and 42 cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP). Autoantibody status was determined by immunoprecipitation.
    Results: 2.4% of IPF sera had a CTD-autoantibody compared to 10.2% of iNSIP and 7.3% of COP. 45% of autoantibodies were anti-synthetases. A novel autoantibody targeting an unknown 56 kDa protein was found in seven IPF patients (2.8%) and two NSIP (1%) patients. This was characterised as anti-annexin A11.
    Conclusion: Specific guidance on autoantibody testing and interpretation in patients with ILD could improve diagnostic accuracy. Further work is required to determine the clinical significance of anti-annexin A11.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Autoantibodies ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Connective Tissue Diseases/diagnosis ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1459903-x
    ISSN 1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
    ISSN (online) 1521-7035
    ISSN 1521-6616
    DOI 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110201
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  2. Article ; Online: The reliability of immunoassays to detect autoantibodies in patients with myositis is dependent on autoantibody specificity.

    Tansley, Sarah L / Li, Danyang / Betteridge, Zoe E / McHugh, Neil J

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 8, Page(s) 2109–2114

    Abstract: Objectives: In order to address the reliability of commercial assays to identify myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies, we aimed to compare the results of two commercial immunoassays with the results obtained by protein immunoprecipitation.!## ...

    Abstract Objectives: In order to address the reliability of commercial assays to identify myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies, we aimed to compare the results of two commercial immunoassays with the results obtained by protein immunoprecipitation.
    Methods: Autoantibody status was determined using radio-labelled protein immunoprecipitation for patients referred to our laboratory for myositis autoantibody characterization. For each autoantibody of interest, the sera from 25 different patients were analysed by line blot (Euroline Myositis Antigen Profile 4, EuroImmun, Lübeck, Germany) and dot blot (D-Tek BlueDiver, Diagnostic Technology, Belrose, NSW, Australia). Sera from 134 adult healthy controls were analysed.
    Results: Overall commercial assays performed reasonably well, with high agreement (Cohen's κ >0.8). Notable exceptions were the detection of rarer anti-synthetases with κ < 0.2 and detection of anti-TIF1γ, where κ was 0.70 for the line blot and 0.31 for dot blot. Further analysis suggested that the proportion of patients with anti-TIF1γ may recognize a conformational epitope, limiting the ability of blotting-based assays that utilize denatured antigen to detect this clinically important autoantibody. A false-positive result occurred in 13.7% of samples analysed by line blot and 12.1% analysed by dot blot.
    Conclusion: The assays analysed do not perform well for all myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies and overall false positives are relatively common. It is crucial that clinicians are aware of the limitations of the methods used by their local laboratory. Results must be interpreted within the clinical context and immunoprecipitation should still be considered in selected cases, such as apparently autoantibody-negative patients where anti-synthetase syndrome is suspected.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantibodies/blood ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Myositis/blood ; Myositis/immunology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa021
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  3. Article ; Online: Investigation of myositis and scleroderma specific autoantibodies in patients with lung cancer.

    Betteridge, Zoe E / Priest, Lynsey / Cooper, Robert G / McHugh, Neil J / Blackhall, Fiona / Lamb, Janine A

    Arthritis research & therapy

    2018  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 176

    Abstract: Background: The close temporal association between onset of some connective tissue diseases and cancer suggests a paraneoplastic association. Adult patients with scleroderma with anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies and adult patients with ... ...

    Abstract Background: The close temporal association between onset of some connective tissue diseases and cancer suggests a paraneoplastic association. Adult patients with scleroderma with anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies and adult patients with dermatomyositis with anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (anti-TIF1) or anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (anti-NXP2) autoantibodies have a significantly increased risk of developing cancer. Autoantibodies may serve as biomarkers for early detection of cancer and also could be relevant for prediction of responses to immune therapies. We aimed to test whether myositis and scleroderma specific or associated autoantibodies are detectable in individuals with lung cancer.
    Methods: Serum from 60 Caucasian patients with lung cancer (30 with small cell lung cancer, 30 with non-small cell lung cancer) was screened for myositis and scleroderma specific and associated autoantibodies by radiolabelled immunoprecipitation.
    Results: Anti-TIF1, anti-NXP2 or anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies were not detected in any of the 60 patients with lung cancer. Anti-glycyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (anti-EJ) autoantibodies were detected in one patient with non-small cell lung cancer. No other known myositis or scleroderma autoantibodies were identified.
    Conclusions: Myositis and scleroderma specific autoantibodies, including anti-TIF1, anti-NXP2 and anti-RNA polymerase III, are rare in patients with lung cancer without an autoimmune disease. We report here the first case of anti-EJ autoantibodies being detected in a patient with lung cancer without clinical or radiographic evidence of the anti-synthetase syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myositis/immunology ; Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/immunology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2107602-9
    ISSN 1478-6362 ; 1478-6354
    ISSN (online) 1478-6362
    ISSN 1478-6354
    DOI 10.1186/s13075-018-1678-9
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    Zs.A 5490: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Novel autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes in adult and juvenile myositis.

    Betteridge, Zoe E / Gunawardena, Harsha / McHugh, Neil J

    Arthritis research & therapy

    2011  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 209

    Abstract: Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins involved in key processes are detected in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. These myositis-specific autoantibodies have been increasingly demonstrated to correlate with distinct clinical ... ...

    Abstract Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins involved in key processes are detected in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. These myositis-specific autoantibodies have been increasingly demonstrated to correlate with distinct clinical phenotypes within the myositis spectrum. This review highlights the clinical associations of the myositis-specific autoantibodies, with particular attention to the recently identified and characterized novel myositis autoantibodies: p155/140, p140 (MJ), CADM-140 (MDA5), SAE, and 200/100.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Child ; Humans ; Myositis/immunology ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2107602-9
    ISSN 1478-6362 ; 1478-6354
    ISSN (online) 1478-6362
    ISSN 1478-6354
    DOI 10.1186/ar3275
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  5. Article ; Online: Presence of anti-eukaryotic initiation factor-2B, anti-RuvBL1/2 and anti-synthetase antibodies in patients with anti-nuclear antibody negative systemic sclerosis.

    Pauling, John D / Salazar, Gloria / Lu, Hui / Betteridge, Zoe E / Assassi, Shervin / Mayes, Maureen D / McHugh, Neil J

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2018  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 712–717

    Abstract: Objectives: Autoantibodies targeting ubiquitously expressed nuclear antigens can be identified in most patients with SSc. Cytoplasmic autoantibodies (in otherwise ANA-negative sera) targeting eukaryotic initiation factor-2B (anti-eIF2B) have recently ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Autoantibodies targeting ubiquitously expressed nuclear antigens can be identified in most patients with SSc. Cytoplasmic autoantibodies (in otherwise ANA-negative sera) targeting eukaryotic initiation factor-2B (anti-eIF2B) have recently been identified in SSc with clinical associations to dcSSc disease and interstitial lung disease (ILD), although the majority of samples originated from a tertiary SSc-ILD centre. We investigated the prevalence and clinical associations of recently described SSc-specific (including anti-eIF2B) and other cytoplasmic autoantibodies in ANA-negative sera obtained from a large representative SSc cohort.
    Methods: ANA-negative sera from the Scleroderma Family Registry and DNA Repository underwent indirect immunofluorescence, radiolabelled protein immunoprecipitation (± immunodepletion) to identify anti-eIF2B and other CTD-related autoantibodies. The clinical phenotype of positive samples was evaluated.
    Results: Immunoprecipitation was performed on 128 ANA-negative samples (obtained from 3249 SSc patients). Anti-eIF2B antibodies were present in nine patients (7%), the majority of whom had dcSSc (8/9). SSc-ILD was present in all anti-eIF2B patients for whom chest imaging was available (7/9). Anti-synthetase autoantibodies (targeting PL12, PL7, OJ and Zo) were identified in seven patients (5.5%), all of whom fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc and had evidence of SSc-ILD where relevant outcomes were available for evaluation. Anti-RuvBL1/2 antibodies were identified in two patients with SSc-overlap syndromes.
    Conclusion: Anti-eIF2B antibodies are cytoplasmic SSc-specific autoantibodies with strong clinical associations with dcSSc and SSc-ILD found in ANA-negative sera. Anti-synthetase autoantibodies, and other recently discovered SSc-specific antibodies such as anti-RuvBL1/2, can also be identified in ANA-negative SSc.
    MeSH term(s) ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities/blood ; ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities/immunology ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Carrier Proteins/blood ; Carrier Proteins/immunology ; DNA Helicases/blood ; DNA Helicases/immunology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B/blood ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Ligases/blood ; Ligases/immunology ; Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoantibodies ; Carrier Proteins ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B ; ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (EC 3.6.4.-) ; DNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.-) ; RUVBL1 protein, human (EC 3.6.4.12) ; RUVBL2 protein, human (EC 3.6.4.12) ; Ligases (EC 6.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018--01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/kex458
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  6. Article ; Online: The diagnostic utility of autoantibodies in adult and juvenile myositis.

    Tansley, Sarah L / Betteridge, Zoe E / McHugh, Neil J

    Current opinion in rheumatology

    2013  Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 772–777

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The purpose of this study is to review recent advances in the diagnostic utility of autoantibodies in dermatomyositis.: Recent findings: Alternative nonspecialist testing methods have been developed for anti-transcription ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The purpose of this study is to review recent advances in the diagnostic utility of autoantibodies in dermatomyositis.
    Recent findings: Alternative nonspecialist testing methods have been developed for anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma, anti-MDA5 and anti-nuclear matrix protein 2, which are potentially exploitable by any hospital laboratory. Although these have yet to be validated for diagnostic use, it is likely that testing for myositis-specific antibodies will soon become readily available.
    Summary: The identification of myositis-specific autoantibodies provides both diagnostic and prognostic information and offers a unique opportunity to adopt a stratified approach to treatment. Their identification, in many cases, should prevent the need for invasive diagnostic tests such as muscle biopsy.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autoantibodies/analysis ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Child ; Dermatomyositis/complications ; Dermatomyositis/diagnosis ; Dermatomyositis/therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1045317-9
    ISSN 1531-6963 ; 1040-8711
    ISSN (online) 1531-6963
    ISSN 1040-8711
    DOI 10.1097/01.bor.0000434664.37880.ac
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  7. Article ; Online: Pathogenic mechanisms of disease in myositis: autoantigens as clues.

    Betteridge, Zoe E / Gunawardena, Harsha / McHugh, Neil J

    Current opinion in rheumatology

    2009  Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 604–609

    Abstract: Purpose of review: There is increasing evidence of autoimmunity in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, with strong correlations between particular myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and clinical subsets. It is now clear that corresponding ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: There is increasing evidence of autoimmunity in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, with strong correlations between particular myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and clinical subsets. It is now clear that corresponding autoantigens are selectively targeted, have distinct adjuvant properties and are upregulated in target tissues, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis. This review highlights recent findings including the identification of novel MSAs and studies investigating autoantigen properties and expression in both target tissues and tumours.
    Recent findings: During the review period, the clinical associations of anti-SAE and anti-p140 have been further described. Studies of autoantigen expression have demonstrated upregulation of Mi-2 in response to ultraviolet (UV) damage and expression of myositis-specific autoantigens in rat newborn skeletal muscle. The role of type I interferon and adjuvant activity has also been highlighted through the identification of the CADM140 autoantigen as MDA5, a protein involved in innate immunity.
    Summary: There are now a number of models indicating roles of autoantigens in disease pathogenesis. Our increased understanding of the autoantigenic properties of these targeted proteins will help to determine the mechanisms involved in the initiation and propagation of myositis. In turn, these findings may lead to therapeutic advances including the development of more targeted treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autoantibodies/metabolism ; Autoantigens/metabolism ; Humans ; Myositis/complications ; Myositis/etiology ; Myositis/immunology ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/etiology ; Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Rats ; Risk Factors ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1045317-9
    ISSN 1531-6963 ; 1040-8711
    ISSN (online) 1531-6963
    ISSN 1040-8711
    DOI 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328331638a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Myositis-specific autoantibodies: their clinical and pathogenic significance in disease expression.

    Gunawardena, Harsha / Betteridge, Zoe E / McHugh, Neil J

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2009  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 607–612

    Abstract: The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs)--DM and PM--have been historically defined by broad clinical and pathological criteria. These conditions affect both adults and children with clinical features including muscle weakness, skin disease, ... ...

    Abstract The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs)--DM and PM--have been historically defined by broad clinical and pathological criteria. These conditions affect both adults and children with clinical features including muscle weakness, skin disease, internal organ involvement and an association with cancer in adults. Using a clinico-serological approach, DM and PM can be defined into more homogeneous subsets. Over the last few years, myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been better characterized including autoantibodies directed against the aminoacyl tRNA-synthetase enzymes, the signal-recognition particle and the Mi-2 protein. In addition, clinically significant novel autoantibodies--anti-CADM-140, anti-SAE (small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme), anti-p155/140 and anti-p140--have been described in the adult and juvenile disease spectrum. MSAs are directed against cytoplasmic or nuclear components involved in key regulatory intracellular processes including protein synthesis, translocation and gene transcription. The striking association between unique serological profiles and distinct clinical phenotypes suggests that target autoantigens may play a role in disease induction and propagation. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility and pathogenic significance of MSAs in disease expression.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Dermatomyositis/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Muscle, Skeletal/immunology ; Myositis/immunology ; Polymyositis/immunology ; Skin/immunology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/kep078
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  9. Article ; Online: The performance of the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology idiopathic inflammatory myopathies classification criteria in an expert-defined 10 year incident cohort.

    Parker, Matthew J S / Oldroyd, Alexander / Roberts, Mark E / Lilleker, James B / Betteridge, Zoe E / McHugh, Neil J / Herrick, Ariane L / Cooper, Robert G / Chinoy, Hector

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2018  Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 468–475

    Abstract: ... subtyped as PM by the EULAR/ACR criteria, where there was discrepancy in the majority (i.e. in 87/161 ...

    Abstract Objectives: To assess the performance of the EULAR/ACR idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) classification criteria in a cohort of incident IIM cases and examine how criteria-assigned IIM subtype correlates with expert opinion.
    Methods: Adults with newly diagnosed IIM attending Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust were identified over a 10 year period. A retrospective review of all putative cases was performed and those fulfilling a consensus expert opinion diagnosis of IIM were included. Clinical, serological and histological data were collected and each case was assigned a single IIM subtype. The EULAR/ACR classification criteria were then applied and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated, presented with 95% CIs.
    Results: A total of 1637 cases were screened, with 255 consensus expert opinion IIM cases ultimately identified. Applying the EULAR/ACR classification criteria, the sensitivity to diagnose an IIM was 99.6% (95% CI 97.2, 100) and 80.9% (95% CI 76.0, 85.8) for the criteria cut-points of probable and definite diagnoses, respectively. In 94/255 cases the IIM subtype differed between consensus expert opinion and classification criteria, most strikingly in the group subtyped as PM by the EULAR/ACR criteria, where there was discrepancy in the majority (i.e. in 87/161).
    Conclusion: The EULAR/ACR criteria performed with high sensitivity in identifying IIM in this external cohort of incident IIM. However, substantial disagreements arose between consensus expert opinion and the criteria regarding IIM subtype assignments, resulting in a large proportion of criteria-assigned cases of PM having heterogeneous features. These results may have important implications for future use of these criteria in subsequent research.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Myositis/classification ; Myositis/diagnosis ; Myositis/epidemiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/key343
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Newly identified autoantibodies: relationship to idiopathic inflammatory myopathy subsets and pathogenesis.

    Gunawardena, Harsha / Betteridge, Zoe E / McHugh, Neil J

    Current opinion in rheumatology

    2008  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 675–680

    Abstract: Purpose of review: There is increasing evidence that patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis have specific clinico-serological profiles. Myositis-specific autoantibodies target intracellular proteins involved in key processes such as ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: There is increasing evidence that patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis have specific clinico-serological profiles. Myositis-specific autoantibodies target intracellular proteins involved in key processes such as translocation and nuclear transcription, and are closely linked to patterns of disease expression. This review highlights the recent work on novel myositis-specific autoantibodies, their autoantigen targets, the relationship to clinical subsets and potential role in pathogenesis.
    Recent findings: During the annual review period novel autoantibodies have been described in adult-onset dermatomyositis (anti-SAE autoantibodies) and juvenile dermatomyositis (anti-p155/140 autoantibodies) (anti-MJ or anti-p140 autoantibodies). These findings are important because the function of the autoantigen targets may point to shared pathogenic pathways. Studies highlighting the potential role of autoantigen-driven responses and autoantibody production in disease initiation and propagation are discussed, as well as further evidence on the relationship between autoantigens and corresponding target tissues.
    Summary: Considerable progress has been made emphasizing the striking association between genotype, serotype and clinical phenotype in the myositis disease spectrum. Further characterization of the identity and function of autoantigen systems in target tissues will greatly facilitate investigation of models of autoimmunity in this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoantibodies/metabolism ; Autoantigens ; Child ; Dermatomyositis/etiology ; Dermatomyositis/immunology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Myositis/etiology ; Myositis/immunology ; Peptides/immunology ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/immunology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens ; CADM-140 peptide, human ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Peptides ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes (EC 6.2.1.45)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1045317-9
    ISSN 1531-6963 ; 1040-8711
    ISSN (online) 1531-6963
    ISSN 1040-8711
    DOI 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328313bff4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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