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  1. Article ; Online: Evaluating Fixed Single-Point Parameters When Applied to Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials: The Effect of Single Point and Signal Window.

    Romero, Daniel J / Clinard, Christopher / Zalewski, Christopher / Piker, Erin

    Ear and hearing

    2024  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 753–759

    Abstract: Objectives: Several studies have applied a common objective detection algorithm (fixed single point [ Fsp ]) for detection of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). However, fundamental parameters of Fsp , such as establishing the location and ...

    Abstract Objectives: Several studies have applied a common objective detection algorithm (fixed single point [ Fsp ]) for detection of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). However, fundamental parameters of Fsp , such as establishing the location and duration of a signal window, have not been examined. In addition, Fsp criterion values used for response detection have not been established for cervical VEMPs (cVEMPs) or ocular VEMPs (oVEMPs). The purpose of this article was to investigate the effect of various single points and signal windows on Fsp , as well as determining Fsp criteria to determine response presence for cVEMP and oVEMP in a group of young healthy participants.
    Design: Twenty young healthy adults under the age of 30 and with no history of hearing or balance concerns were enrolled in the study protocol. Air-conducted cVEMPs and oVEMPs were evoked using 500 Hz tone bursts at 123 dB pSPL recorded at a fixed electromyography activation of 50 µV for cVEMPs and 35° gaze angle for oVEMPs. Responses were analyzed off-line using visual and objective detection. Fsp was applied to cVEMPs and oVEMPs using a range of single points and signal windows.
    Results: Noise variance was lowest for cVEMPs at the latency of P1, and for oVEMPs noise variance was not significantly different across the single-point latencies. On average, extending the length of the signal window lowered the Fsp value in cVEMPs and oVEMPs. An Fsp value of 2.0 was chosen as the criterion cutoff associated with the 95th percentile during no-response conditions using group data for cVEMPs and oVEMPs, respectively. Fsp values for cVEMPs and oVEMPs were not significantly different from each other.
    Discussion: This study established single-point latency and time-window parameters for VEMP-related applications of the Fsp detection algorithm. Fsp criteria values were established for cVEMP and oVEMP. Using these parameters, responses were detected in all participants.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials/physiology ; Hearing ; Electromyography ; Hearing Tests ; Neck
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603093-2
    ISSN 1538-4667 ; 0196-0202
    ISSN (online) 1538-4667
    ISSN 0196-0202
    DOI 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Drosophila ClC-c Is a Homolog of Human CLC-5 and a New Model for Dent Disease Type 1.

    Reynolds, Carmen J / Gillen, Christopher M / Burke, Richard / Tsering, Yula / Loucks, Emi / Judd-Mole, Sebastian / Dow, Julian A T / Romero, Michael F

    Kidney360

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 414–426

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Drosophila ; Dent Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2641-7650
    ISSN (online) 2641-7650
    DOI 10.34067/KID.0000000000000352
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Inter-trial coherence as a measure of synchrony in cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.

    Clinard, Christopher G / Piker, Erin G / Romero, Daniel J

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2022  Volume 377, Page(s) 109628

    Abstract: Background: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are surface-recorded responses that reflect saccular function. Analysis of cVEMPs has focused, nearly exclusively, on time-domain waveform measurements such as amplitude and latency of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are surface-recorded responses that reflect saccular function. Analysis of cVEMPs has focused, nearly exclusively, on time-domain waveform measurements such as amplitude and latency of response peaks, but synchrony-based measures have not been previously reported.
    New method: Time-frequency analyses were used to apply an objective response-detection algorithm and to quantify response synchrony. These methods are new to VEMP literature and have been adapted from previous auditory research. Air-conducted cVEMPs were elicited using a 500 Hz tone burst in twenty young, healthy participants.
    Results: Time-frequency characteristics of cVEMPs and time-frequency boundaries for response energy were established. An inter-trial coherence analysis approach revealed highly synchronous responses with representative inter-trial coherence values of approximately 0.7.
    Comparison with existing methods: Inter-trial coherence measures were highly correlated with conventional amplitude measures in this group of young, healthy adults (R
    Conclusions: Synchrony-based time-frequency analyses were successfully applied to cVEMP data and this type of analysis may be helpful to differentiate synchrony from amplitude in populations with disrupted neural synchrony.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Adult ; Humans ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Benthic foraminifera in Gulf of Mexico show temporal and spatial dynamics of microplastics.

    Plafcan, Martina M / Schwing, Patrick T / Romero, Isabel C / Brooks, Gregg R / Larson, Rebekka A / O'Malley, Bryan J / Stallings, Christopher D

    Marine pollution bulletin

    2024  Volume 200, Page(s) 116090

    Abstract: Microplastics have accumulated in the environment since plastic production began, with present-day observations that range from marine trenches to mountains. However, research on microplastics has only recently begun so it is unclear how they have ... ...

    Abstract Microplastics have accumulated in the environment since plastic production began, with present-day observations that range from marine trenches to mountains. However, research on microplastics has only recently begun so it is unclear how they have changed over time in many oceanic regions. Our study addressed this gap by quantifying the temporal and spatial dynamics of microplastics in two deep-water regions of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). We isolated agglutinated foraminifera from sediment cores and assessed microplastics that were incorporated into their tests. Our results indicated that microplastics were incorporated by agglutinated foraminifera after plastic production began. Microplastics were higher at deep-water sites and closer to the Mississippi River. This study confirms the presence of microplastic incorporation into agglutinated foraminifera tests and investigates microplastics in deep-water sediments in the GOM. Additional work is needed to fully identify the distribution of microplastics across the GOM and other oceanic basins.
    MeSH term(s) Microplastics ; Plastics ; Foraminifera ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Gulf of Mexico ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Geologic Sediments ; Water
    Chemical Substances Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2001296-2
    ISSN 1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
    ISSN (online) 1879-3363
    ISSN 0025-326X
    DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116090
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Endocrine Complications of Noonan Syndrome beyond Short Stature.

    Venugopal, Vijay / Romero, Christopher J

    Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER

    2019  Volume 16, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 465–470

    Abstract: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a diagnosis that is made clinically based on features including typical facies, congenital heart defects, short stature and developmental delay. Approximately 50% of the patients have identified mutations in the PTPN11 gene, and a ...

    Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a diagnosis that is made clinically based on features including typical facies, congenital heart defects, short stature and developmental delay. Approximately 50% of the patients have identified mutations in the PTPN11 gene, and a smaller percentage of mutations have been reported in other genes such as SOS1, RAF1 and RIT1 Despite normal birth length, patients typically reach adult height below normal. Other than growth, endocrine complications of NS are not as commonly reported. These include possible pathology in thyroid function, pubertal development and bone metabolism. Some investigators have looked to see if genetic mutations in these patients could pose a risk for future endocrinopathies. This chapter reviews reports on endocrine dysfunction other than growth in patients with NS. The information is meant to enhance awareness in those providers who care for these patients to the possibility of other existing endocrinopathies. Most importantly, it supports and highlights the endocrinologist's role in the care of patients with NS.
    MeSH term(s) Dwarfism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Noonan Syndrome ; ras Proteins
    Chemical Substances RIT1 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; ras Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-18
    Publishing country Israel
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2434390-0
    ISSN 1565-4753
    ISSN 1565-4753
    DOI 10.17458/per.vol16.2019.vr.endocrinecomplicationsnoonan
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Neonatal hyperinsulinism in transient and classical forms of tyrosinemia.

    Sethuram, Swathi / Sperling, Mark A / Gujral, Jasmine / Romero, Christopher J

    Orphanet journal of rare diseases

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 190

    Abstract: Background: The spectrum of disorders associated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHI) has vastly increased over the past 20 years with identification of molecular, metabolic and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and ... ...

    Abstract Background: The spectrum of disorders associated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHI) has vastly increased over the past 20 years with identification of molecular, metabolic and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and its actions. Hereditary tyrosinemia (HT1) is a rare metabolic disorder associated with accumulation of toxic metabolites of the tyrosine pathway due to a genetically mediated enzyme defect of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. Transient tyrosinemia of the newborn (TTN) is a benign condition with a maturational defect of the enzymes associated with tyrosine metabolism without any genetic abnormalities.
    Results: We describe two rare cases of HHI, one in a patient with HT1 and for the first time, in a patient with TTN. Each of our patients presented in the neonatal period with persistent hypoglycemia that on biochemical evaluation was consistent with HHI. Each patient received diazoxide therapy for 3.5 months and 17 months of life, respectively and HHI resolved thereafter.
    Conclusion: Despite the fact that HHI has been described in HT1 for several decades, no specific mechanism has been delineated. Although we considered the common embryonal origin of the liver and pancreas with the hepatotoxic effect in HT1 also impacting the latter, this was not a possible explanation for TTN. The commonality between our two patients is the accumulation of certain amino acids which are known to be insulinotropic. We therefore hypothesize that the excess of amino acids such as leucine, lysine, valine and isoleucine in our patients resulted in HHI, which was transient. Both patients responded to diazoxide. This novel presentation in TTN and the reassuring response in both HT1 and TTN to diazoxide will be useful to inform physicians about managing HHI in these patients. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism of HHI in these infants.
    MeSH term(s) Congenital Hyperinsulinism/drug therapy ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism/genetics ; Diazoxide/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver ; Tyrosine ; Tyrosinemias/drug therapy ; Tyrosinemias/genetics
    Chemical Substances Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Diazoxide (O5CB12L4FN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1750-1172
    ISSN (online) 1750-1172
    DOI 10.1186/s13023-020-01642-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations.

    Travis, Nargiz / Knoll, Marie / Cook, Steven / Oh, Hayoung / Cadham, Christopher J / Sánchez-Romero, Luz María / Levy, David T

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 3

    Abstract: Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. The global EC market has rapidly expanded since their introduction, creating an urgent need for research describing the toxicity and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. The global EC market has rapidly expanded since their introduction, creating an urgent need for research describing the toxicity and chemical composition of ECs. We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the evidence from existing systematic reviews (SRs).
    Methods: The search for SRs was conducted across four electronic databases through 25 January 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 quality appraisal tool.
    Results: Twenty-five SRs were included in our umbrella review. Chemical profiles widely varied across studies included in the reviews, which was mainly attributed to the lack of standardized protocols investigating the constituents, and differences in EC devices and e-liquids tested. Metals were more abundant in some EC aerosols than cigarettes, while carbonyls were typically found at lower levels. There was consistent evidence of in vitro toxicity from EC aerosol and e-liquid exposure. AMSTAR-2 revealed important limitations across reviews.
    Conclusions: While most reviews concluded that ECs were likely less harmful than cigarettes, there was hesitancy to draw clear conclusions due to variable analytical procedures and inconsistent findings among the included studies. Future SRs with improved methodology and reporting are needed to adequately inform tobacco regulatory actions.
    MeSH term(s) Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Aerosols/toxicity ; Metals
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Metals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20031908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Comparison of Bone-Conducted Cervical VEMPs Elicited by B71 and B81 Bone Vibrators.

    Romero, Daniel J / Piker, Erin G / Thorne, Andrew / Clinard, Christopher

    Ear and hearing

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 596–605

    Abstract: Objective: A variety of stimulus delivery methods can elicit vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). The current study compared bone conduction (BC) cervical VEMPs (cVEMPs) across two different clinical bone vibrators. It was hypothesized that ... ...

    Abstract Objective: A variety of stimulus delivery methods can elicit vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). The current study compared bone conduction (BC) cervical VEMPs (cVEMPs) across two different clinical bone vibrators. It was hypothesized that the B81 transducer would be more effective for producing larger BC-cVEMP peak to peak amplitudes due to its low-frequency advantages in pure-tone audiometry applications.
    Design: Twenty young adults under the age of 40 years with no reported history of hearing or balance disorders participated in the study. BC cVEMPs were elicited using two clinical bone transducers: the Radioear B71 bone vibrator and the Radioear B81 bone vibrator. Both transducers were calibrated using the acoustic method of calibration before data collection, and the linear dynamic range of the transducers was determined. Participants were asked to sit and match a fixed electromyography (EMG) target level of 100 µV, while BC cVEMPs were recorded using stimulus frequencies of 250, 500, and 750 Hz.
    Results: Statistically significant differences in raw amplitude at 250 and 750 Hz between the B71 and B81 were observed; the B71 produced larger peak to peak amplitudes over the B81. At 500 Hz, larger amplitudes were observed with the B71, but results were not statistically significant. The B71 produced significantly lower cVEMP thresholds at all three frequencies. Across both transducers, 500 Hz produced the largest peak to peak amplitude compared with 250 and 750 Hz. Peak to peak amplitude did not increase above 55 dB nHL for 250 and 500 Hz, but amplitude continued to increase at 750 Hz.
    Discussion: The present study found statistically significant differences in BC-cVEMP amplitude and threshold between the B71 and B81, but results were not what we hypothesized. In general, the B71 elicited larger BC-cVEMP amplitudes and lower thresholds compared with the B81. Additionally, 500 Hz was found to be the best frequency for both BC transducers, contrasting previous studies suggesting lower frequencies yield larger BC-cVEMP amplitudes. It is possible that these average differences could also be clinically significant when looking at individual amplitude differences. Larger peak to peak amplitudes at 500 Hz may be partially due to the underlying physical levels used in the current study, as well as the output spectra of the transducers, and may explain the larger response amplitudes observed at 500 Hz compared with 250 Hz.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation ; Acoustics ; Adult ; Bone Conduction ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603093-2
    ISSN 1538-4667 ; 0196-0202
    ISSN (online) 1538-4667
    ISSN 0196-0202
    DOI 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000978
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online: Controllable Image Generation via Collage Representations

    Casanova, Arantxa / Careil, Marlène / Romero-Soriano, Adriana / Pal, Christopher J. / Verbeek, Jakob / Drozdzal, Michal

    2023  

    Abstract: Recent advances in conditional generative image models have enabled impressive results. On the one hand, text-based conditional models have achieved remarkable generation quality, by leveraging large-scale datasets of image-text pairs. To enable fine- ... ...

    Abstract Recent advances in conditional generative image models have enabled impressive results. On the one hand, text-based conditional models have achieved remarkable generation quality, by leveraging large-scale datasets of image-text pairs. To enable fine-grained controllability, however, text-based models require long prompts, whose details may be ignored by the model. On the other hand, layout-based conditional models have also witnessed significant advances. These models rely on bounding boxes or segmentation maps for precise spatial conditioning in combination with coarse semantic labels. The semantic labels, however, cannot be used to express detailed appearance characteristics. In this paper, we approach fine-grained scene controllability through image collages which allow a rich visual description of the desired scene as well as the appearance and location of the objects therein, without the need of class nor attribute labels. We introduce "mixing and matching scenes" (M&Ms), an approach that consists of an adversarially trained generative image model which is conditioned on appearance features and spatial positions of the different elements in a collage, and integrates these into a coherent image. We train our model on the OpenImages (OI) dataset and evaluate it on collages derived from OI and MS-COCO datasets. Our experiments on the OI dataset show that M&Ms outperforms baselines in terms of fine-grained scene controllability while being very competitive in terms of image quality and sample diversity. On the MS-COCO dataset, we highlight the generalization ability of our model by outperforming DALL-E in terms of the zero-shot FID metric, despite using two magnitudes fewer parameters and data. Collage based generative models have the potential to advance content creation in an efficient and effective way as they are intuitive to use and yield high quality generations.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Neonatal hyperinsulinism in transient and classical forms of tyrosinemia

    Swathi Sethuram / Mark A. Sperling / Jasmine Gujral / Christopher J. Romero

    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 6

    Abstract: Abstract Background The spectrum of disorders associated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHI) has vastly increased over the past 20 years with identification of molecular, metabolic and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of insulin ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The spectrum of disorders associated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHI) has vastly increased over the past 20 years with identification of molecular, metabolic and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and its actions. Hereditary tyrosinemia (HT1) is a rare metabolic disorder associated with accumulation of toxic metabolites of the tyrosine pathway due to a genetically mediated enzyme defect of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. Transient tyrosinemia of the newborn (TTN) is a benign condition with a maturational defect of the enzymes associated with tyrosine metabolism without any genetic abnormalities. Results We describe two rare cases of HHI, one in a patient with HT1 and for the first time, in a patient with TTN. Each of our patients presented in the neonatal period with persistent hypoglycemia that on biochemical evaluation was consistent with HHI. Each patient received diazoxide therapy for 3.5 months and 17 months of life, respectively and HHI resolved thereafter. Conclusion Despite the fact that HHI has been described in HT1 for several decades, no specific mechanism has been delineated. Although we considered the common embryonal origin of the liver and pancreas with the hepatotoxic effect in HT1 also impacting the latter, this was not a possible explanation for TTN. The commonality between our two patients is the accumulation of certain amino acids which are known to be insulinotropic. We therefore hypothesize that the excess of amino acids such as leucine, lysine, valine and isoleucine in our patients resulted in HHI, which was transient. Both patients responded to diazoxide. This novel presentation in TTN and the reassuring response in both HT1 and TTN to diazoxide will be useful to inform physicians about managing HHI in these patients. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism of HHI in these infants.
    Keywords Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyperinsulinism in hereditary tyrosinemia I ; Transient tyrosinemia of the newborn ; Amino acids and hyperinsulinism ; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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