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Article: Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis.

Mann, Vivek / Sundaresan, Alamelu / Shishodia, Shishir

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose ... ...

Abstract	Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology13040241
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Article ; Online: Impacts of Indoor Dust Exposure on Human Colonic Cell Viability, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis.

Abdulrahman, Noura / Honda, Trenton J / Ali, Ayat / Abdulrahman, Nabras / Vrinceanu, Daniel / Shishodia, Shishir

Toxics

2023 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: Introduction: Environmental exposure to indoor dust is known to be associated with myriad health conditions, especially among children. Established routes of exposure include inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, which result in the direct exposure of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Environmental exposure to indoor dust is known to be associated with myriad health conditions, especially among children. Established routes of exposure include inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, which result in the direct exposure of gastrointestinal epithelia to indoor dust. Despite this, little prior research is available on the impacts of indoor dust on the health of human gastrointestinal tissue. Methods: Cultured human colonic (CCD841) cells were exposed for 24 h to standard trace metal dust (TMD) and organic contaminant dust (OD) samples at the following concentrations: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay and protease analysis (glycyl-phenylalanyl-aminofluorocoumarin (GF-AFC)); cytotoxicity was assessed with a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and apoptosis was assessed using a Caspase-Glo 3/7 activation assay. Results: TMD and OD decreased cellular metabolic and protease activity and increased apoptosis and biomarkers of cell membrane damage (LDH) in CCD841 human colonic epithelial cells. Patterns appeared to be, in general, dose-dependent, with the highest TMD and OD exposures associated with the largest increases in apoptosis and LDH, as well as with the largest decrements in metabolic and protease activities. Conclusions: TMD and OD exposure were associated with markers of reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human colonic cells. These findings add important information to the understanding of the physiologic effects of indoor dust exposure on human health. The doses used in our study represent a range of potential exposure levels, and the effects observed at the higher doses may not necessarily occur under typical exposure conditions. The effects of long-term, low-dose exposure to indoor dust are still not fully understood and warrant further investigation. Future research should explore these physiological mechanisms to further our understanding and inform public health interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics11070633
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Article ; Online: Cytotoxicity analysis of pre- and post-hurricane harvey soil samples collected from greater houston bayous.

Keita, Djene / Shishodia, Shishir / Sridhar, Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

2021 Volume 223, Page(s) 112600

Abstract: Rapid urbanization, anthropogenic pollution and frequent flooding events are affecting the soil and water quality along the streams and bayous of Houston. Soil acts as sink and reservoir of heavy metals and nutrients affecting human and animal health. ... ...

Abstract	Rapid urbanization, anthropogenic pollution and frequent flooding events are affecting the soil and water quality along the streams and bayous of Houston. Soil acts as sink and reservoir of heavy metals and nutrients affecting human and animal health. The objectives of the study are 1) to analyze the effects of the metal and nutrient concentration of bayou flood plain surface soil samples on the gut cell cytotoxicity and 2) to evaluate the spatial and temporal difference in soil contamination on cell viability of colon cancer (HT-29) and normal colon epithelial (CCD 841 CoN) cell lines. To evaluate soil contamination between pre- and post-hurricane (Summer and Fall) conditions in six Bayous (Brays, Buffalo, Halls, Hunting, Greens and White Oak Bayous) of Harris County, Texas, in vitro bioassay analysis was applied to soil extracts. The MTT assay determined that, with increase in concentration of Bayou soil from 12.5% to 100%, the viability of CCD 841 CoN and HT-29 cells decreased significantly, across all sampling locations during both summer and fall seasons. Among all the bayous, the viability of CCD 841 CoN cells in summer and fall followed the pattern of White Oak > Greens > Halls > Brays Bayou, where the viability of cells exposed to White Oak soils was 3-4 times higher than cells exposed to Brays Bayou soil at 100% soil concentration. The viability of HT-29 cells in both seasons followed the pattern of Greens > White Oak > Halls > Brays Bayou, where the viability of cells exposed to Greens Bayou soil was more than 3-4 times higher than the cells exposed to Brays Bayou soil at 100% concentration. The higher concentration of metals and nutrients such as P, Zn, Cd, and Cu might have contributed to the significant cell lethality in Brays Bayou samples compared to other locations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cyclonic Storms ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Rivers ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Metals, Heavy ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	436536-7
ISSN	1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
ISSN (online)	1090-2414
ISSN	0147-6513
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112600
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Article ; Online: Molecular mechanisms of curcumin action: gene expression.

Shishodia, Shishir

BioFactors (Oxford, England)

2013 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–55

Abstract: Curcumin derived from the tropical plant Curcuma longa has a long history of use as a dietary agent, food preservative, and in traditional Asian medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, ... ...

Abstract	Curcumin derived from the tropical plant Curcuma longa has a long history of use as a dietary agent, food preservative, and in traditional Asian medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. The preventive and therapeutic properties of curcumin are associated with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Extensive research over several decades has attempted to identify the molecular mechanisms of curcumin action. Curcumin modulates numerous molecular targets by altering their gene expression, signaling pathways, or through direct interaction. Curcumin regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL-1), growth factors (e.g., VEGF, EGF, FGF), growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR, HER-2, AR), enzymes (e.g., COX-2, LOX, MMP9, MAPK, mTOR, Akt), adhesion molecules (e.g., ELAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), apoptosis related proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, caspases, DR, Fas), and cell cycle proteins (e.g., cyclin D1). Curcumin modulates the activity of several transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT) and their signaling pathways. Based on its ability to affect multiple targets, curcumin has the potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancers, arthritis, allergies, atherosclerosis, aging, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic disorders, obesity, diabetes, psoriasis, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of modulation of gene expression by curcumin.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Curcumin/pharmacology ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Medicine, Traditional ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics ; Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Inflammation Mediators ; Receptors, Growth Factor ; Transcription Factors ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	59230-4
ISSN	1872-8081 ; 0951-6433
ISSN (online)	1872-8081
ISSN	0951-6433
DOI	10.1002/biof.1041
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Article ; Online: Cytotoxicity analysis of pre- and post-hurricane harvey soil samples collected from greater houston bayous

Djene Keita / Shishir Shishodia / Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi Sridhar

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 223, Iss , Pp 112600- (2021)

2021

Abstract	Rapid urbanization, anthropogenic pollution and frequent flooding events are affecting the soil and water quality along the streams and bayous of Houston. Soil acts as sink and reservoir of heavy metals and nutrients affecting human and animal health. The objectives of the study are 1) to analyze the effects of the metal and nutrient concentration of bayou flood plain surface soil samples on the gut cell cytotoxicity and 2) to evaluate the spatial and temporal difference in soil contamination on cell viability of colon cancer (HT-29) and normal colon epithelial (CCD 841 CoN) cell lines. To evaluate soil contamination between pre- and post-hurricane (Summer and Fall) conditions in six Bayous (Brays, Buffalo, Halls, Hunting, Greens and White Oak Bayous) of Harris County, Texas, in vitro bioassay analysis was applied to soil extracts. The MTT assay determined that, with increase in concentration of Bayou soil from 12.5% to 100%, the viability of CCD 841 CoN and HT-29 cells decreased significantly, across all sampling locations during both summer and fall seasons. Among all the bayous, the viability of CCD 841 CoN cells in summer and fall followed the pattern of White Oak > Greens > Halls > Brays Bayou, where the viability of cells exposed to White Oak soils was 3–4 times higher than cells exposed to Brays Bayou soil at 100% soil concentration. The viability of HT-29 cells in both seasons followed the pattern of Greens > White Oak > Halls > Brays Bayou, where the viability of cells exposed to Greens Bayou soil was more than 3–4 times higher than the cells exposed to Brays Bayou soil at 100% concentration. The higher concentration of metals and nutrients such as P, Zn, Cd, and Cu might have contributed to the significant cell lethality in Brays Bayou samples compared to other locations.
Keywords	Flood plain soil ; HT-29 ; CCD 841 CoN ; Cytotoxicity ; MTT assay ; Heavy metal ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mixed bacterial responses to dust exposure in an A549 eukaryotic co-culture.

Bado, Mariam / Keita, Djene / Azu, Nkem / Shishodia, Shishir / Rosenzweig, Jason A

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2018 Volume 102, Issue 22, Page(s) 9759–9770

Abstract: Recent studies evaluated the impact of dust exposure on pure and mixed cultures of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing increased biofilm formation and altered sensitivities to ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies evaluated the impact of dust exposure on pure and mixed cultures of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing increased biofilm formation and altered sensitivities to H
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Dust/analysis ; Enterococcus faecalis/growth & development ; Enterococcus faecalis/physiology ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Eukaryotic Cells/microbiology ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/growth & development ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/physiology ; Lung/cytology ; Lung/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology
Chemical Substances	Dust
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-018-9322-9
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Article ; Online: Impact of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures and during eukaryotic cell co-culture infections.

Bado, Mariam / Kwende, Syntia / Shishodia, Shishir / Rosenzweig, Jason A

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2017 Volume 101, Issue 18, Page(s) 7027–7039

Abstract: On a daily basis, humans, and their colonizing microbiome, are exposed to both indoor and outdoor dust, containing both deleterious organic and inorganic contaminants, through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Recent studies evaluating the dust ... ...

Abstract	On a daily basis, humans, and their colonizing microbiome, are exposed to both indoor and outdoor dust, containing both deleterious organic and inorganic contaminants, through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Recent studies evaluating the dust exposure responses of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealed significant increases in biofilm formation following dust exposure. In this study, the effects of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures as well as HT-29 co-cultures were evaluated. As it was observed in pure, single bacterial cultures earlier, neither indoor nor outdoor dust exposure (at concentrations of 100 μg/mL) influenced the growth of mixed bacterial liquid cultures. However, when in paired mixed cultures, dust exposure increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and significantly enhanced biofilm formation (outdoor dust). More specifically, mixed cultures (E. coli-Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae-P. aeruginosa, and E. coli-P. aeruginosa) exhibited increased sensitivity to 20 and 50 mM of H
MeSH term(s)	Biofilms/growth & development ; Coculture Techniques ; Dust/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Microbiology ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/physiology ; Microbiota ; Oxidative Stress ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-017-8449-4
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Article ; Online: Guggulsterone for Chemoprevention of Cancer.

Shishodia, Shishir / Azu, Nkem / Rosenzweig, Jason A / Jackson, Desiree A

Current pharmaceutical design

2015 Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 294–306

Abstract: Guggulsterone [4, 17(20)-pregnadiene-3, 16-dione] is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. The gum resin of the guggul tree has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat obesity, liver disorders, ... ...

Abstract	Guggulsterone [4, 17(20)-pregnadiene-3, 16-dione] is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. The gum resin of the guggul tree has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat obesity, liver disorders, internal tumors, malignant sores, ulcers, urinary complaints, intestinal worms, leucoderma, sinus, edema and sudden paralytic seizures. Guggulsterone has been shown to modulate the nuclear receptors, farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, CYP 2b10 gene expression, and the bile salt export pump for cholesterol elimination. Recent research indicates that the active components of gum guggul, E- and Zguggulsterone have the potential to both prevent and treat cancers. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP, and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases, inhibition of Akt, and activation of JNK. Guggulsterone modulates the expression of gene products involved in metastasis (MMP-9, COX-2, and VEGF) of tumor cells. Guggulsterone mediates gene expression through the modulation of several transcription factors, including NF-κB, STAT3, C/EBPα, androgen receptor, and glucocorticoid receptors. This review describes the anti-cancer properties, molecular targets, and the apoptotic effects of guggulsterone.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Commiphora/chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control ; Plant Gums/chemistry ; Pregnenediones/administration & dosage ; Pregnenediones/isolation & purification ; Pregnenediones/therapeutic use ; Resins, Plant/chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Plant Gums ; Pregnenediones ; Resins, Plant ; pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione (A4PW148END)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-06
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612822666151112153117
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Article: Mixed bacterial responses to dust exposure in an A549 eukaryotic co-culture

Bado, Mariam / Djene Keita / Nkem Azu / Shishir Shishodia / Jason A. Rosenzweig

Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2018 Nov., v. 102, no. 22

2018

Abstract	Recent studies evaluated the impact of dust exposure on pure and mixed cultures of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing increased biofilm formation and altered sensitivities to H₂O₂. In this study, we examined the impact of lead (Pb), house, road, and combined dust on K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in pure, mixed, or eukaryotic co-culture with human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells. Although no impact on pure or mixed culture growth was observed when bacteria were exposed to Pb, house, or road dust, increased biofilm was produced by P. aeruginosa in the presence of 0.8 μg/mL of Pb, while P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae both exhibited increased biofilm production in the presence of 100 μg/mL of house, road, and combined dust. When co-cultured with eukaryotic A549 cells, both bacteria demonstrated increased proliferation 6 h post-infection when challenged with house, road, or combined dust. However, when mixed bacteria were co-cultured with A549 cells, P. aeruginosa exhibited a significant ~ 1.5-fold increased proliferation in the presence of 100 μg/mL house, road, or combined dust. In sharp contrast, K. pneumoniae exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, when in mixed (with P. aeruginosa) A-549 co-culture, following exposure to 100 μg/mL house, road, or combined dust. To evaluate whether a host cell inflammatory response contributed to this disparity, NF-κB activation was evaluated in each co-culture infection. K. pneumoniae-A-549 co-culture, treated with 100 μg/mL of combined dust, exhibited no alterations in NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Further, no differences in cytokine production were observed in the K. pneumoniae A-549 co-culture treated with 100 μg/mL of house dust. Taken together, these data suggest that within the lung environment, mixed infections exposed to dust or dust contaminants could benefit one organism at the expense of the other, independent of the activation of inflammatory pathways.
Keywords	Enterococcus faecalis ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; bacteria ; biofilm ; coculture ; cytokines ; dust ; epithelium ; humans ; hydrogen peroxide ; inflammation ; lead ; lungs ; mixed culture ; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-11
Size	p. 9759-9770.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-018-9322-9
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Article: Impact of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures and during eukaryotic cell co-culture infections

Bado, Mariam / Syntia Kwende / Shishir Shishodia / Jason A. Rosenzweig

Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2017 Sept., v. 101, no. 18

2017

Abstract	On a daily basis, humans, and their colonizing microbiome, are exposed to both indoor and outdoor dust, containing both deleterious organic and inorganic contaminants, through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Recent studies evaluating the dust exposure responses of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealed significant increases in biofilm formation following dust exposure. In this study, the effects of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures as well as HT-29 co-cultures were evaluated. As it was observed in pure, single bacterial cultures earlier, neither indoor nor outdoor dust exposure (at concentrations of 100Â Î¼g/mL) influenced the growth of mixed bacterial liquid cultures. However, when in paired mixed cultures, dust exposure increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and significantly enhanced biofilm formation (outdoor dust). More specifically, mixed cultures (E. coli-Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae-P. aeruginosa, and E. coli-P. aeruginosa) exhibited increased sensitivity to 20 and 50Â mM of HâOâ in comparison to their pure, single bacterial culture counterparts and significantly enhanced biofilm production for each mixed culture. Finally, bacterial proliferation during a eukaryotic gut cell (HT29) co-culture was significantly more robust for both K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa when exposed to both house and road dust; however, E. coli only experienced significantly enhanced proliferation, in HT29 co-culture, when exposed to road dust. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that bacteria respond to dust exposure differently when in the presence of multiple bacterial species or when in the presence of human gut epithelial cells, than when grown in isolation.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; bacteria ; biofilm ; breathing ; coculture ; digestive system ; dust ; epithelial cells ; eukaryotic cells ; humans ; hydrogen peroxide ; ingestion ; microbial culture ; microbiome ; mixed culture ; oxidative stress ; secondary infection
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-09
Size	p. 7027-7039.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-017-8449-4
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