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Article ; Online: The Role of Education in the Prevention of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Developing Countries

Marlies Sas / Koen Ponnet / Genserik Reniers / Wim Hardyns

Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6, p

2020 Volume 2320

Abstract: Only since the beginning of this century, the prevention of radicalization has become an important topic in debates about terrorism and sustainable development in developing countries. Research has shown that radicalized individuals are not uneducated, ... ...

Abstract	Only since the beginning of this century, the prevention of radicalization has become an important topic in debates about terrorism and sustainable development in developing countries. Research has shown that radicalized individuals are not uneducated, but have often completed secondary or tertiary education. Additionally, it became clear that some extremist groups consider the school environment as an attractive recruitment place. These findings led to a new approach where the education sector is considered as a prominent partner in preventing and combating the radicalization of young individuals. In this article, the potential limitations of the role of the education sector in developing countries are exposed. Based on previous research, three bottlenecks in the education sector were found: unequal access to education, poor quality of education and the relationship between education and employment. In order to strengthen the role of education for sustainable development in developing countries, it is recommended that equal access to education is improved, that schools invest in the creation of safe spaces for their students, that not only secondary but also primary and tertiary education are involved in policy strategies regarding radicalization, and that the job market is adjusted to the educational level of graduated students.
Keywords	radicalization ; violent extremism ; education ; prevention ; developing countries ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Counteracting in Vitro Toxicity of the Ionophoric Mycotoxin Beauvericin-Synthetic Receptors to the Rescue.

Ornelis, Vincent / Rajkovic, Andreja / Decleer, Marlies / Sas, Benedikt / De Saeger, Sarah / Madder, Annemieke

The Journal of organic chemistry

2019 Volume 84, Issue 16, Page(s) 10422–10435

Abstract: Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins are toxic ionophoric cyclodepsipeptides that mainly occur in grains. As such, their presence in food commodities poses a concern for public health. To date, despite recent European Food Safety Authority emphasis on the ... ...

Abstract	Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins are toxic ionophoric cyclodepsipeptides that mainly occur in grains. As such, their presence in food commodities poses a concern for public health. To date, despite recent European Food Safety Authority emphasis on the need for more data to evaluate long-term toxicity effects, no suitable affinity reagents are available to detect the presence of BEA and derivatives in food samples. We here report on the synthesis of a small library of artificial receptors with varying cavity sizes and different hydrophobic building blocks. Immobilization of one of the receptors on solid support resulted in a strong retention of beauvericin, thus revealing promising properties as solid-phase extraction material for sample pretreatment. Furthermore, treatment of HepG2 cells with the most promising receptor markedly reduced beauvericin-induced cytotoxicity, hinting toward the possibility of using synthetic receptors as antidotes against ionophoric toxins.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Depsipeptides/chemistry ; Depsipeptides/isolation & purification ; Depsipeptides/pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Conformation ; Receptors, Artificial/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Artificial/chemical synthesis ; Receptors, Artificial/chemistry ; Solid Phase Extraction
Chemical Substances	Depsipeptides ; Receptors, Artificial ; beauvericin (26S048LS2R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	123490-0
ISSN	1520-6904 ; 0022-3263
ISSN (online)	1520-6904
ISSN	0022-3263
DOI	10.1021/acs.joc.9b01665
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Article ; Online: Watching a movie or listening to music is effective in managing perioperative anxiety and pain: a randomised controlled trial.

Demirci, Hafize / van der Storm, Sebastiaan L / Huizing, Nathalie J / Fräser, Morgianne / Stufkens, Sjoerd A S / Krips, Rover / Kerkhoffs, Gino M M J / Barsom, Esther Z / Schijven, Marlies P

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA

2023 Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 6069–6079

Abstract: Purpose: Despite the use of perioperative anxiolytics and pain medication, surgery can be a stressful and painful experience. Providing patients with distractions using video and/or audio tools in addition to medication may be helpful. To date, no ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Despite the use of perioperative anxiolytics and pain medication, surgery can be a stressful and painful experience. Providing patients with distractions using video and/or audio tools in addition to medication may be helpful. To date, no studies have compared different distraction modalities in a same-day surgical setting in adults. This study aims to determine whether audio-visual distraction with video glasses (AVD) is more effective in reducing anxiety and pain compared to audio distraction (AD) in conscious patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. It was hypothesised that AVD, being the more immersive modality, would be more effective than AD on the outcome parameters. Methods: Fifty patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with local and/or regional anaesthesia in a clinical day-care setting were randomly assigned to receive either fixed-scenery AVD or patient-choice AD with music. Primary outcome was anxiety, as measured by the Dutch version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) prior to and 15 min after the intervention. Secondary outcomes were pain (Numeric Rating Scale Pain [NRS-P]), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and patient satisfaction. Results: Within each group, there was a significant reduction in anxiety (p = 0.028 for AVD, p < 0.001 for AD). In contrast to our hypothesis, listening to music without watching a video (AD group) reduced anxiety significantly more than experiencing full AVD (p = 0.018). The mean pain score did not change significantly within either user group, nor did pain scores differ between user groups. Conclusion: In conscious patients undergoing surgery, watching a movie (using video glasses and a headphone set) and listening to music (using only a headphone set) are able to significantly reduce anxiety. AVD, although believed to provide higher levels of distraction, did not prove to be superior to AD. The clinical relevance of this study highlights the potential benefits of AVD or AD modalities in improving the surgical experience for conscious patients. Further research is required to examine the influence of freedom of choice in content on the aforementioned outcomes. To estimate the true value of higher immersion levels, different distraction modalities (e.g. AVD versus virtual reality) featuring the exact same scenery or content need to be compared. Level of evidence: Level I.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Music ; Motion Pictures ; Pain ; Anxiety/etiology ; Anxiety/prevention & control ; Anxiety Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159064-6
ISSN	1433-7347 ; 0942-2056
ISSN (online)	1433-7347
ISSN	0942-2056
DOI	10.1007/s00167-023-07629-z
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Article: Counteracting in Vitro Toxicity of the Ionophoric Mycotoxin Beauvericin—Synthetic Receptors to the Rescue

Ornelis, Vincent / Rajkovic, Andreja / Decleer, Marlies / Sas, Benedikt / De Saeger, Sarah / Madder, Annemieke

Journal of organic chemistry. 2019 Aug. 08, v. 84, no. 16

2019

Abstract	Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins are toxic ionophoric cyclodepsipeptides that mainly occur in grains. As such, their presence in food commodities poses a concern for public health. To date, despite recent European Food Safety Authority emphasis on the need for more data to evaluate long-term toxicity effects, no suitable affinity reagents are available to detect the presence of BEA and derivatives in food samples. We here report on the synthesis of a small library of artificial receptors with varying cavity sizes and different hydrophobic building blocks. Immobilization of one of the receptors on solid support resulted in a strong retention of beauvericin, thus revealing promising properties as solid-phase extraction material for sample pretreatment. Furthermore, treatment of HepG2 cells with the most promising receptor markedly reduced beauvericin-induced cytotoxicity, hinting toward the possibility of using synthetic receptors as antidotes against ionophoric toxins.
Keywords	antidotes ; chemical reactions ; chemical structure ; cytotoxicity ; food safety ; grains ; human cell lines ; hydrophobicity ; mycotoxins ; organic chemistry ; organic compounds ; receptors ; solid phase extraction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0808
Size	p. 10422-10435.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123490-0
ISSN	1520-6904 ; 0022-3263
ISSN (online)	1520-6904
ISSN	0022-3263
DOI	10.1021/acs.joc.9b01665
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Detection of toxins involved in foodborne diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Rajkovic, Andreja / Jovanovic, Jelena / Monteiro, Silvia / Decleer, Marlies / Andjelkovic, Mirjana / Foubert, Astrid / Beloglazova, Natalia / Tsilla, Varvara / Sas, Benedikt / Madder, Annemieke / De Saeger, Sarah / Uyttendaele, Mieke

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety

2020 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 1605–1657

Abstract: Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram-positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are emetic toxin and diarrheal enterotoxins of Bacillus cereus, neurotoxins of ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram-positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are emetic toxin and diarrheal enterotoxins of Bacillus cereus, neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum, enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens, and a family of enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and some other staphylococci. These toxins are the most important virulence factors of respective foodborne pathogens and a primary cause of the related foodborne diseases. They are proteins or peptides that differ from each other in their size, structure, toxicity, toxicological end points, solubility, and stability, types of food matrix to which they are mostly related to. These differences influence the characteristics of required detection methods. Therefore, detection of these toxins in food samples, or detection of toxin production capacity in the bacterial isolate, remains one of the cornerstones of microbial food analysis and an essential tool in understanding the relevant properties of these toxins. Advanced research has led into new insights of the incidence of toxins, mechanisms of their production, their physicochemical properties, and their toxicological mode of action and dose-response profile. This review focuses on biological, immunological, mass spectrometry, and molecular assays as the most commonly used detection and quantification methods for toxins of B. cereus, C. botulinum, C. perfringens, and S. aureus. Gathered and analyzed information provides a comprehensive blueprint of the existing knowledge on the principles of these assays, their application in food safety, limits of detection and quantification, matrices in which they are applicable, and type of information they provide to the user.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Toxins/analysis ; Enterotoxins/analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Food Safety/methods ; Foodborne Diseases/etiology ; Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Toxins ; Enterotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185829-9
ISSN	1541-4337 ; 1541-4337
ISSN (online)	1541-4337
ISSN	1541-4337
DOI	10.1111/1541-4337.12571
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Article ; Online: Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin, enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) and cereulide in maize, wheat, pasta and rice.

Decleer, Marlies / Rajkovic, Andreja / Sas, Benedikt / Madder, Annemieke / De Saeger, Sarah

Journal of chromatography. A

2016 Volume 1472, Page(s) 35–43

Abstract: Rapid and accurate UPLC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin and the related enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), together with cereulide were successfully developed and validated in cereal and cereal-based food matrices such as wheat, ... ...

Abstract	Rapid and accurate UPLC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin and the related enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), together with cereulide were successfully developed and validated in cereal and cereal-based food matrices such as wheat, maize, rice and pasta. Although these emerging foodborne toxins are of different microbial origin, the similar structural, toxicological and food safety features provided rationale for their concurrent detection in relevant food matrices. A Waters Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Waters Quattro Premier XE™ Mass Spectrometer operating in ESI+ mode was employed. Sample pretreatment involved a fast and simple liquid extraction of the target toxins without any further clean-up step. For all toxins the sample preparation resulted in acceptable extraction recoveries with values of 85-105% for wheat, 87-106% for maize, 84-106% for rice and 85-105% for pasta. The efficient extraction protocol, together with a fast chromatographic separation of 7min allowed substantial saving costs and time showing its robustness and performance. The validation of the developed method was performed based on Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The obtained limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1.0μgkg
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Depsipeptides/analysis ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Flour ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Oryza/chemistry ; Poaceae/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Toxins, Biological/analysis ; Triticum/chemistry ; Zea mays/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Depsipeptides ; Toxins, Biological ; cereulide ; enniatins ; beauvericin (26S048LS2R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	1171488-8
ISSN	1873-3778 ; 0021-9673
ISSN (online)	1873-3778
ISSN	0021-9673
DOI	10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.003
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Article: Detection of toxins involved in foodborne diseases caused by Gram‐positive bacteria

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2020 July, v. 19, no. 4

2020

Abstract: Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram‐positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are emetic toxin and diarrheal enterotoxins of Bacillus cereus, neurotoxins of ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram‐positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are emetic toxin and diarrheal enterotoxins of Bacillus cereus, neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum, enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens, and a family of enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and some other staphylococci. These toxins are the most important virulence factors of respective foodborne pathogens and a primary cause of the related foodborne diseases. They are proteins or peptides that differ from each other in their size, structure, toxicity, toxicological end points, solubility, and stability, types of food matrix to which they are mostly related to. These differences influence the characteristics of required detection methods. Therefore, detection of these toxins in food samples, or detection of toxin production capacity in the bacterial isolate, remains one of the cornerstones of microbial food analysis and an essential tool in understanding the relevant properties of these toxins. Advanced research has led into new insights of the incidence of toxins, mechanisms of their production, their physicochemical properties, and their toxicological mode of action and dose‐response profile. This review focuses on biological, immunological, mass spectrometry, and molecular assays as the most commonly used detection and quantification methods for toxins of B. cereus, C. botulinum, C. perfringens, and S. aureus. Gathered and analyzed information provides a comprehensive blueprint of the existing knowledge on the principles of these assays, their application in food safety, limits of detection and quantification, matrices in which they are applicable, and type of information they provide to the user.
Keywords	Bacillus cereus ; Clostridium botulinum ; Clostridium perfringens ; Staphylococcus aureus ; diarrhea ; dose response ; emetics ; enterotoxins ; food analysis ; food matrix ; food safety ; mass spectrometry ; mechanism of action ; neurotoxins ; peptides ; solubility ; toxicity ; toxicology ; virulence ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-07
Size	p. 1605-1657.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2185829-9
ISSN	1541-4337
ISSN	1541-4337
DOI	10.1111/1541-4337.12571
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographyâtandem mass spectrometry methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin, enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) and cereulide in maize, wheat, pasta and rice

Decleer, Marlies / Andreja Rajkovic / Annemieke Madder / Benedikt Sas / Sarah De Saeger

Journal of chromatography. 2016,

2016

Abstract: Rapid and accurate UPLCâMS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin and the related enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), together with cereulide were successfully developed and validated in cereal and cereal-based food matrices such as wheat, ... ...

Abstract	Rapid and accurate UPLCâMS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of beauvericin and the related enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), together with cereulide were successfully developed and validated in cereal and cereal-based food matrices such as wheat, maize, rice and pasta. Although these emerging foodborne toxins are of different microbial origin, the similar structural, toxicological and food safety features provided rationale for their concurrent detection in relevant food matrices. A Waters Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Waters Quattro Premier XEâ¢ Mass Spectrometer operating in ESI+ mode was employed. Sample pretreatment involved a fast and simple liquid extraction of the target toxins without any further clean-up step. For all toxins the sample preparation resulted in acceptable extraction recoveries with values of 85â105% for wheat, 87â106% for maize, 84â106% for rice and 85â105% for pasta. The efficient extraction protocol, together with a fast chromatographic separation of 7min allowed substantial saving costs and time showing its robustness and performance. The validation of the developed method was performed based on Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The obtained limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1.0Î¼gkgâ1 and the limits of quantification from 0.3 to 2.9Î¼gkgâ1 for the targeted toxins in the selected matrices. The obtained sensitivities allow detection of relevant toxicological concentrations. All relative standard deviations for repeatability (intra-day) and intermediate precision (inter-day) were lower than 20%. Trueness, expressed as the apparent recovery varied from 80 to 107%. The highly sensitive and repeatable validated method was applied to 57 naturally contaminated samples allowing detection of sub-clinical doses of the toxins.
Keywords	corn ; detection limit ; food matrix ; food safety ; grain foods ; liquid chromatography ; pasta ; rice ; spectrometers ; statistical analysis ; tandem mass spectrometry ; toxins ; wheat
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	218139-3
ISSN	0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
ISSN	0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
DOI	10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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