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Article ; Online: Enhancing patient safety through the quality assured use of a low-tech video interpreting system to overcome language barriers in healthcare settings.

Kletečka-Pulker, Maria / Parrag, Sabine / Doppler, Klara / Völkl-Kernstock, Sabine / Wagner, Michael / Wenzel, Thomas

2021 Volume 133, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 610–619

Abstract: Professional interpretation and translation are key issues in the improvement of public health and patient safety in an area of increased migration and multicultural healthcare system needs. Patient safety requires clear and reliable communication to ... ...

Abstract	Professional interpretation and translation are key issues in the improvement of public health and patient safety in an area of increased migration and multicultural healthcare system needs. Patient safety requires clear and reliable communication to avoid errors in diagnosis, treatment, and neglect of informed consent. Due to the range of languages to be covered, telephone and video interpretation (VI) can be expected to face up to the demands for trained interpreters available on short notice and in more remote healthcare sites.In a pilot project, we implemented a new up to date model video interpretation unit and used a mixed methods approach integrating quantitative and qualitative data in assessing barriers encountered prior to the use of the pilot system and satisfaction with the use of video interpretation in a number of clinical settings, including inpatient and outpatient units, in Austria. Of all respondents (n = 144) 71% reported frequently encountering language barriers, only 37% reported the use of professional interpreters, 81% reported using siblings, parents or other non-professional interpreters, while a considerable percentage (66%) reported using gestures or drawings to communicate, resulting in very low overall satisfaction rate (only 12%) with the prior situation.In the qualitative study the users observed rapid availability, data protection compliance, ability to see the interpreter despite physical distance, absence of potential external influence resulting from personal relationships, user-friendly nature of the technique, legal certainty, absence of the requirement for personal presence, and cost savings as key benefits in the use of the new technology. Of the users of the system 88% (n = 58) rated it as very good (72%) or good (16%).
MeSH term(s)	Austria ; Communication Barriers ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Patient Safety ; Pilot Projects ; Translating
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200462-8
ISSN	1613-7671 ; 0043-5325 ; 0300-5178
ISSN (online)	1613-7671
ISSN	0043-5325 ; 0300-5178
DOI	10.1007/s00508-020-01806-7
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Article ; Online: Bone marrow stroma cells promote induction of a chemoresistant and prognostic unfavorable S100A8/A9high AML cell subset.

Böttcher, Martin / Panagiotidis, Konstantinos / Bruns, Heiko / Stumpf, Martina / Völkl, Simon / Geyh, Stefanie / Dietel, Barbara / Schroeder, Thomas / Mackensen, Andreas / Mougiakakos, Dimitrios

Blood advances

2022 Volume 6, Issue 21, Page(s) 5685–5697

Abstract: The bone marrow (BM) stroma represents a protective niche for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the complex underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We found 2 small, intracellular, calcium-sensing molecules, S100A8 and S100A9, ... ...

Abstract	The bone marrow (BM) stroma represents a protective niche for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the complex underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We found 2 small, intracellular, calcium-sensing molecules, S100A8 and S100A9, among the top genes being upregulated in primary AML blasts upon stromal contact. As members of the S100 protein family, they can modulate such cellular processes as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of S100 proteins is described as a predictor of poor survival in different human cancers, including increased S100A8 expression in de novo AML. Thus, we wanted to decipher the underlying pathways of stroma-mediated S100A8/A9 induction, as well as its functional consequences. Upregulation of S100A8/A9 after stromal cross talk was validated in AML cell lines, was contact independent and reversible and resulted in accumulation of S100A8/A9high cells. Accordingly, frequency of S100A8/A9high AML blasts was higher in the patients' BM than in peripheral blood. The S100A8/A9high AML cell population displayed enhanced utilization of free fatty acids, features of a more mature myeloid phenotype, and increased resilience toward chemotherapeutics and BCL2 inhibition. We identified stromal cell-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) as the trigger for a Jak/STAT3 signaling-mediated S100A8/A9 induction. Interfering with fatty acid uptake and the IL-6-Jak/STAT3 pathway antagonized formation of S100A8/A9high cells and therapeutic resistance, which could have therapeutic implications as a strategy to interfere with the AML-niche dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Calgranulin A/genetics ; Calgranulin A/metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Calgranulin A ; Interleukin-6 ; S100A9 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2915908-8
ISSN	2473-9537 ; 2473-9529
ISSN (online)	2473-9537
ISSN	2473-9529
DOI	10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005938
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Article ; Online: Adrenarche and pubarche in girls with turner syndrome during growth-promoting therapy with human growth hormone.

Dörr, Helmuth G / Penger, Theresa / Marx, Michaela / Rauh, Manfred / Oppelt, Patricia G / Völkl, Thomas K M

BMC endocrine disorders

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 9

Abstract: Background: Data on adrenarche and pubarche in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are inconsistent in the literature.: Methods: The cohort consisted of 94 girls and young women with TS born between 1971 and 2001 (age range: 3.1-23.2 yrs.), who were ... ...

Abstract	Background: Data on adrenarche and pubarche in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are inconsistent in the literature. Methods: The cohort consisted of 94 girls and young women with TS born between 1971 and 2001 (age range: 3.1-23.2 yrs.), who were treated with human growth hormone and regularly presented at our outpatient clinic every 4 to 6 months.The longitudinal data of all patients were ascertained retrospectively from patient charts. The data collection ended in January 2016. Adrenarche was assessed by serum DHEAS levels and pubertal status by Tanner stages. Pubarche was defined as the appearance of pubic hair (PH2), whereas spontaneous puberty was defined as Tanner stage B2. The patients were retrospectively subdivided in two groups with regard to pubertal development: group 1 (n = 21) with spontaneous puberty and group 2 (n = 70) with induced puberty. Since blood samples were not taken at every visit, we generated seven groups according to the age of the children at which the blood samples were taken: 3-5, 5-7, 7-9, 9-11, 11-13, 13-15, and 15-17 yrs. Serum DHEAS and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared with those of a control group of healthy girls. Results: Adrenarche started in TS girls between 5 and 7 years. TS girls had higher DHEAS levels than the control group, with statistically significant differences in the age groups 7 to 17 years. No differences were determined between the TS girls with spontaneous puberty and those with POI. TS girls in group 2 reached the Tanner stages PH2 (p < 0.04), PH3 (p < 0.01), PH4 and PH5 (p < 0.001) markedly later than TS girls in group 1. Conclusions: The onset of adrenarche in girls with TS undergoing GH therapy does not differ from that in healthy girls. However, adrenarche is more pronounced in girls with TS. There is no difference in DHEAS levels between the TS girls with spontaneous puberty and the TS girls with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), while the tempo of pubarche is markedly slower in the girls with POI.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adrenarche/drug effects ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/blood ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexual Maturation/drug effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Turner Syndrome/blood ; Turner Syndrome/drug therapy ; Turner Syndrome/metabolism ; Turner Syndrome/physiopathology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5) ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (57B09Q7FJR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1472-6823
ISSN (online)	1472-6823
DOI	10.1186/s12902-019-0333-z
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Article ; Online: Birth Size in Neonates with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency

Dörr, Helmuth G. / Penger, Theresa / Albrecht, Andrea / Marx, Michaela / Völkl, Thomas M. K.

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology

2018 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–45

Abstract: Objective: Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by increased prenatal adrenal androgen secretion. There are a small number of reports in the literature showing higher birth weight and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by increased prenatal adrenal androgen secretion. There are a small number of reports in the literature showing higher birth weight and length in CAH newborns. Methods: We analyzed birth weight and length data of 116 German newborns (48 boys, 68 girls) with classic CAH who were born during the period from 1990 to 2017. All children have been followed or are currently treated as outpatients in our clinic. All children were born at term. The mothers were healthy and their pregnancies were uneventful. The diagnosis of CAH was confirmed by molecular analyses of the Results: Weight and length in male CAH newborns (mean ± SD) (3601±576 g; 52.4±2.85 cm) were significantly higher than in female CAH newborns (3347±442 g; 51.2±2.55 cm), but male-female differences in the CAH cohort were lost when the data were converted into SD scores. The birth sizes of the CAH newborns did not differ from the reference group. The birth sizes also did not differ between the different CAH genotypes. Maternal age, mode of delivery and maternal parity had no influence on birth size. Conclusion: Our data show that prenatal hyperandrogenism does not affect fetal growth.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/physiopathology ; Birth Weight/physiology ; Body Height/physiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-04
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2641608-6
ISSN	1308-5735 ; 1308-5727
ISSN (online)	1308-5735
ISSN	1308-5727
DOI	10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0149
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Article: 2013 Lwpes/Espe 9th Joint Meeting, Milan, Italy, selected highlights.

Poyrazoglu, Sukran / Völkl, Thomas M K / Karantza, Maria

Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER

2014 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 328–336

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Body Height ; Child ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Growth Disorders/drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone/adverse effects ; Human Growth Hormone/deficiency ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Mutation ; Pediatrics ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious/genetics
Chemical Substances	Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	Israel
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2434390-0
ISSN	1565-4753
ISSN	1565-4753
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Article ; Online: IFN-γ-Based ELISpot as a New Tool to Detect Human Infections with Borna Disease Virus 1 (BoDV-1): A Pilot Study.

Eidenschink, Lisa / Knoll, Gertrud / Tappe, Dennis / Offner, Robert / Drasch, Thomas / Ehrl, Yvonne / Banas, Bernhard / Banas, Miriam C / Niller, Hans Helmut / Gessner, André / Köstler, Josef / Lampl, Benedikt M J / Pregler, Matthias / Völkl, Melanie / Kunkel, Jürgen / Neumann, Bernhard / Angstwurm, Klemens / Schmidt, Barbara / Bauswein, Markus

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1

Abstract: More than 40 human infections with the zoonotic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been reported to German health authorities from endemic regions in southern and eastern Germany. Diagnosis of a confirmed case is based on the detection of BoDV-1 RNA or ... ...

Abstract	More than 40 human infections with the zoonotic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been reported to German health authorities from endemic regions in southern and eastern Germany. Diagnosis of a confirmed case is based on the detection of BoDV-1 RNA or BoDV-1 antigen. In parallel, serological assays such as ELISA, immunoblots, and indirect immunofluorescence are in use to detect the seroconversion of Borna virus-reactive IgG in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As immunopathogenesis in BoDV-1 encephalitis appears to be driven by T cells, we addressed the question of whether an IFN-γ-based ELISpot may further corroborate the diagnosis. For three of seven BoDV-1-infected patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with sufficient quantity and viability were retrieved. For all three patients, counts in the range from 12 to 20 spot forming units (SFU) per 250,000 cells were detected upon the stimulation of PBMC with a peptide pool covering the nucleocapsid protein of BoDV-1. Additionally, individual patients had elevated SFU upon stimulation with a peptide pool covering X or phosphoprotein. Healthy blood donors (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Borna disease virus/genetics ; Pilot Projects ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Borna Disease/epidemiology ; Borna Disease/pathology ; Interferon-gamma ; Encephalitis
Chemical Substances	Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15010194
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Article ; Online: IGF-I-IGFBP-3-acid-labile subunit (ALS) complex in children and adolescents with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH).

Völkl, Thomas M K / Rauh, Manfred / Schöfl, Christof / Dörr, Helmuth G

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society

2011 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 191–198

Abstract: Unlabelled: It has been shown that changes in IGF-I and IGFBP levels in children with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) are correlated with different states of metabolic control. Our approach was to analyze ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: It has been shown that changes in IGF-I and IGFBP levels in children with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) are correlated with different states of metabolic control. Our approach was to analyze the serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, their molar ratio IGF-I:IGFBP-3 (MR), and ALS in a cohort of CAH children and adolescents, and their associations with different clinical and biochemical parameters. Design and patients: 56 patients, aged between 5.6 and 19.0 years were studied cross-sectionally. All patients had genetically proven CAH and received standard steroid substitution therapy. We measured serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and ALS by commercial ELISA and calculated MR and assigned population-based SD scores (SDS). Results: (median, quartiles) Overall IGF-I was not significantly altered (0.05 SDS, -1.21, 0.92), whereas IGFBP-3 was significantly elevated (1.50 SDS; 0.58, 1.95, p<0.0001) compared to the reference population. Consecutively, MR was decreased (-0.64 SDS; -1.38, 0.32; p=0.0017). ALS was clearly decreased (-1.95 SDS; -3.075, -1.00; p<0.0001). ALS, IGF-I, MR, and IGFBP-3 SDS were lower in pubertal than in prepubertal patients (p<0.05). ALS SDS were lower in girls (p=0.0038). Correlation analyses (r(s), p) revealed correlations between MR/ALS and chronological age (-0.583, <0.0001/-0.428, 0.0010), MR/ALS and Tanner stages (-0.500, <0.0001/-0.334, 0.0118), MR/ALS and bone age (0.407, 0.0075/0.426, 0.0049), and between MR and ALS (0.405, 0.0020), respectively. For MR and ALS, we found no significant correlations for BMI, HOMA-IR, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone dosage, or parameters of metabolic control. Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that the components of the trimeric IGF-I-IGFBP-3-ALS complex are altered in CAH children with possible implications on pubertal growth and final height.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/blood ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/enzymology ; Adult ; Carrier Proteins/blood ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycoproteins/blood ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Prospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/metabolism ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Glycoproteins ; IGF-I-IGFBP-3 complex ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.16)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1436781-6
ISSN	1532-2238 ; 1096-6374
ISSN (online)	1532-2238
ISSN	1096-6374
DOI	10.1016/j.ghir.2011.05.001
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Article ; Online: Cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients after CD19.CAR T-cell therapy.

Reimann, Hannah / Kremer, Anita N / Blumenberg, Viktoria / Schmidt, Katja / Aigner, Michael / Jacobs, Benedikt / Eisenhauer, Nina / Kämpf, Alina / Rösler, Wolf / Kharboutli, Soraya / Mougiakakos, Dimitrios / Lang, Vanessa / Lischer, Christopher / Irrgang, Pascal / Leppkes, Moritz / Gonzalez, Julio Vera / Krönke, Gerhard / Kremer, Andreas E / Tenbusch, Matthias /

Bruns, Heiko / Harrer, Thomas / Müller, Fabian / Schett, Georg / Mackensen, Andreas / Subklewe, Marion / Völkl, Simon

Blood advances

2022 Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) 2066–2069

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2915908-8
ISSN	2473-9537 ; 2473-9529
ISSN (online)	2473-9537
ISSN	2473-9529
DOI	10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007806
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Article: McCune-Albright syndrome: clinical picture and natural history in children and adolescents.

Völkl, Thomas M K / Dörr, Helmuth G

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM

2006 Volume 19 Suppl 2, Page(s) 551–559

Abstract: The classical triad of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) consists of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), skin hyperpigmentation (café-au-lait spots), and endocrine dysfunction, frequently seen in females as precocious puberty. Patients with MAS display ... ...

Abstract	The classical triad of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) consists of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), skin hyperpigmentation (café-au-lait spots), and endocrine dysfunction, frequently seen in females as precocious puberty. Patients with MAS display mosaicism of activating somatic mutations of the alpha-subunit of Gs. Thus, the clinical presentation of each individual is dependent on the particular distribution of affected cells, causing a broad spectrum of endocrine and non-endocrine manifestations. Typical endocrinopathies are precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, hyperprolactemia, and hypercortisolism. The onset of these manifestations is usually during infancy and childhood. Since specific treatment is required, the prognosis depends on the severity of each individual endocrine manifestation. Additionally, there are non-endocrine manifestations, such as fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), renal phosphate wasting, and skin hyperpigmentation, i.e. café-au-lait spots. FD, mostly polyostotic, causes fractures needing surgical and orthopedic treatment. Since previous studies have suggested the overall prognosis of patients with McCune-Albright syndrome to be non-fatal, recent data have drawn our attention to non-endocrine affections, including hepatobiliary dysfunction and cardiac disease, which are probably an important risk factor for early death. In summary, the clinical picture in MAS is related to its mosaic nature, i.e. any cell, tissue and organ in any site of the body could be affected to varying degrees, ranging from one or two mild clinical signs with excellent long-term prognosis to a severe life-threatening multiorgan disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/complications ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/genetics ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/physiopathology ; Child ; Endocrine System Diseases/complications ; Endocrine System Diseases/genetics ; Endocrine System Diseases/physiopathology ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/complications ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/genetics ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/physiopathology ; Gigantism/complications ; Gigantism/genetics ; Gigantism/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/complications ; Hyperthyroidism/genetics ; Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology ; Liver Diseases/complications ; Liver Diseases/physiopathology ; Mosaicism ; Mutation ; Puberty, Precocious/complications ; Puberty, Precocious/genetics ; Puberty, Precocious/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-05-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1231070-0
ISSN	2191-0251 ; 0334-018X
ISSN (online)	2191-0251
ISSN	0334-018X
DOI	10.1515/jpem.2006.19.s2.551
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Article ; Online: Adrenarche and puberty in children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Völkl, Thomas M K / Öhl, Lisa / Rauh, Manfred / Schöfl, Christof / Dörr, Helmuth G

Hormone research in paediatrics

2011 Volume 76, Issue 6, Page(s) 400–410

Abstract: Unlabelled: There have been only a few studies on adrenarche in girls with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) showing that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels did not rise at the physiological age of adrenarche.: Objective: ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: There have been only a few studies on adrenarche in girls with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) showing that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels did not rise at the physiological age of adrenarche. Objective: Longitudinal analysis of serum DHEAS levels and Tanner stages in CAH children. Design: We studied 98 CAH patients (52 females), aged between 1 month and 18.0 years. All patients had genetically proven classic CAH and received steroid substitution therapy. Results: Serum DHEAS levels did not differ between CAH children and healthy children from the age of 1 year until 5-6 years. Beginning at the age of 7-8 years, there was a continuous but blunted increase in DHEAS levels in CAH boys and girls compared to healthy children. There was no correlation of DHEAS levels with the genotype, glucocorticoid dosage, auxological data, or quality of metabolic control. Pubarche (PH2) as well as gonadarche (G2) and thelarche (B2) occurred significantly earlier in CAH boys and girls than in the reference group, but timing of menarche was normal. Conclusions: Pubarche and adrenarche are dissociated in classic CAH: earlier pubarche, gonadarche and thelarche, respectively, in both sexes contrast with the absence of typical adrenarche.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Development/drug effects ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/blood ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/drug therapy ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/pathology ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/physiopathology ; Adrenarche/drug effects ; Child ; Child Development/drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/blood ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects ; Mammary Glands, Human/pathology ; Medical Records ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Puberty/drug effects ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (57B09Q7FJR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2537278-6
ISSN	1663-2826 ; 1663-2818
ISSN (online)	1663-2826
ISSN	1663-2818
DOI	10.1159/000333696
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Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito