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Article ; Online: miRNAs in the Beta Cell-Friends or Foes?

Karagiannopoulos, Alexandros / Cowan, Elaine / Eliasson, Lena

2023 Volume 164, Issue 5

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops due to insulin resistance and an inability of the pancreatic β-cells to increase secretion of insulin and reduce elevated blood glucose levels. Diminished β-cell function and mass have been implicated in impaired β-cell ... ...

Abstract	Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops due to insulin resistance and an inability of the pancreatic β-cells to increase secretion of insulin and reduce elevated blood glucose levels. Diminished β-cell function and mass have been implicated in impaired β-cell secretory capacity and several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in regulating β-cell processes. We believe miRNAs are nodes in important miRNA-mRNA networks regulating β-cell function and that miRNAs therefore can be targets for the treatment of T2D. MicroRNAs are short (≈19-23 nucleotides [nt]) endogenous noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression by directly binding to the mRNA of their target genes. Under normal circumstances, miRNAs act as rheostats to keep expression of their gene targets at optimal levels for different β-cell outputs. In T2D, levels of some miRNAs are altered as part of the compensatory mechanism to improve insulin secretion. Other miRNAs are differentially expressed as part of the process of T2D pathogenesis, which results in reduced insulin secretion and increased blood glucose. In this review, we present recent findings concerning miRNAs in islets and in insulin-secreting cells, and their differential expression in diabetes, with a specific focus on miRNAs involved in β-cell apoptosis/proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We present thoughts around miRNA-mRNA networks and miRNAs as both therapeutic targets to improve insulin secretion and as circulating biomarkers of diabetes. Overall, we hope to convince you that miRNAs in β-cells are essential for regulating β-cell function and can in the future be of clinical use in the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Glucose/metabolism
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; RNA, Messenger ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/endocr/bqad040
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Article ; Online: MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on MicroRNA Profiling in Islets of Langerhans.

Cowan, Elaine / Karagiannopoulos, Alexandros / Eliasson, Lena

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2592, Page(s) 113–142

Abstract: Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is observed in many diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is central for the regulation of blood glucose levels and failure to release enough insulin results ... ...

Abstract	Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is observed in many diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is central for the regulation of blood glucose levels and failure to release enough insulin results in hyperglycemia and T2D. The importance in T2D pathogenesis of single miRNAs in beta cells has been described; however, to get the full picture, high-throughput miRNA sequencing is necessary. Here we describe a method using small RNA sequencing, from sample preparation to expression analysis using bioinformatic tools. In the end, a tutorial on differential expression analysis is presented in R using publicly available data.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Insulin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_8
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Article ; Online: Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of ZBTB16 affects insulin secretion in human islets and EndoC-βH1 β-cells.

Karagiannopoulos, Alexandros / Westholm, Efraim / Ofori, Jones K / Cowan, Elaine / Esguerra, Jonathan L S / Eliasson, Lena

iScience

2023 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 106555

Abstract: Glucocorticoid use is associated with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Here, the glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptomic changes in human pancreatic islets and the human insulin-secreting EndoC-βH1 cells ... ...

Abstract	Glucocorticoid use is associated with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Here, the glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptomic changes in human pancreatic islets and the human insulin-secreting EndoC-βH1 cells were investigated to uncover genes involved in β-cell steroid stress-response processes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed glucocorticoids to exert their effects mainly on enhancer genomic regions in collaboration with auxiliary transcription factor families including AP-1, ETS/TEAD, and FOX. Remarkably, we identified the transcription factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2023.106555
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Article ; Online: The impact of CREBRF rs373863828 Pacific-variant on infant body composition.

Amitrano, Francesca / Krishnan, Mohanraj / Murphy, Rinki / Okesene-Gafa, Karaponi A M / Ji, Maria / Thompson, John M D / Taylor, Rennae S / Merriman, Tony R / Rush, Elaine / McCowan, Megan / McCowan, Lesley M E / McKinlay, Christopher J D

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8825

Abstract: In Māori and Pacific adults, the CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but reduced incidence of type-2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific infants, ... ...

Abstract	In Māori and Pacific adults, the CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but reduced incidence of type-2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific infants, nested within a nutritional intervention trial for pregnant women with obesity and without pregestational diabetes, we investigated whether the rs373863828 A allele is associated with differences in growth and body composition from birth to 12-18 months' corrected age. Infants with and without the variant allele were compared using generalised linear models adjusted for potential confounding by gestation length, sex, ethnicity and parity, and in a secondary analysis, additionally adjusted for gestational diabetes. Carriage of the rs373863828 A allele was not associated with altered growth and body composition from birth to 6 months. At 12-18 months, infants with the rs373863828 A allele had lower whole-body fat mass [FM 1.4 (0.7) vs. 1.7 (0.7) kg, aMD -0.4, 95% CI -0.7, 0.0, P = 0.05; FM index 2.2 (1.1) vs. 2.6 (1.0) kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Body Composition/genetics ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Maori People ; Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	CREB3 regulatory factor, human ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-59417-5
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Article ; Online: A New Normal: Assessment Outcomes and Recommendations for Virtual Versus In-Person Curricula in Post-COVID-19 Times.

Cowan, Eileen / Altschafl, Beth / Foertsch, Julie / Barnes, Denise / Lasarev, Michael / Pelley, Elaine

Medical science educator

2022 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 379–387

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 response efforts that began in March 2020 prompted an urgent need to transition medical education from an in-person to a virtual format. Our aim is to provide evaluation of a virtual platform for a fully integrated curriculum to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 response efforts that began in March 2020 prompted an urgent need to transition medical education from an in-person to a virtual format. Our aim is to provide evaluation of a virtual platform for a fully integrated curriculum to provide future guidance in teaching methods. Materials and methods: We used summative assessments and course evaluations from pre- and post-transition from in-person to virtual delivery of educational content to measure the impacts of this transition on student performance and perceptions. Additionally, we surveyed students about their in-person versus online educational preferences. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in student knowledge acquisition as assessed by weighted averages of summative assessments when comparing an in-person to a virtual educational platform. While the transition to virtual learning was initially well-received by students, our studied cohorts gave lower scores for the overall learning experience after prolonged virtual learning ( Conclusions: Although student knowledge acquisition remained stable on a virtual platform, the student learning experience varied. We recommend that when returning to a new normal after COVID-19 restrictions are lifted, sessions that require 3-dimensional or group learning should remain in-person, while other educational activities may be offered on a virtual platform and that, whenever virtual learning is employed, attention be paid to ensuring ongoing social and academic engagement between learners and faculty.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-8650
ISSN (online)	2156-8650
DOI	10.1007/s40670-022-01534-9
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Article ; Online: Ischnura fountaineae (Insecta

Elaine Mary Cowan / Peter John Cowan

Journal of Threatened Taxa, Vol 10, Iss 15, Pp 13029-

Odonata: Zygoptera) in Oman, eastern Arabia

2018 Volume 13031

Abstract: Abstract: We report new records of Ischnura fountaineae for Oman and present field characters for I. fountaineae visible in a digital photograph. ...

Abstract	Abstract: We report new records of Ischnura fountaineae for Oman and present field characters for I. fountaineae visible in a digital photograph.
Keywords	ischnura fountaineae ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The T-type calcium channel Ca

Barghouth, Mohammad / Ye, Yingying / Karagiannopoulos, Alexandros / Ma, Yunhan / Cowan, Elaine / Wu, Rui / Eliasson, Lena / Renström, Erik / Luan, Cheng / Zhang, Enming

Cell calcium

2022 Volume 108, Page(s) 102669

Abstract: Voltage-gated ... ...

Abstract	Voltage-gated Ca
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/genetics ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Calcium Channels, T-Type ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulin ; CACNA1H protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	757687-0
ISSN	1532-1991 ; 0143-4160
ISSN (online)	1532-1991
ISSN	0143-4160
DOI	10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102669
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Zs.A 1596: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of ZBTB16 affects insulin secretion in human islets and EndoC-βH1 β-cells

Alexandros Karagiannopoulos / Efraim Westholm / Jones K. Ofori / Elaine Cowan / Jonathan L.S. Esguerra / Lena Eliasson

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 5, Pp 106555- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: Glucocorticoid use is associated with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Here, the glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptomic changes in human pancreatic islets and the human insulin-secreting EndoC- ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Glucocorticoid use is associated with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Here, the glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptomic changes in human pancreatic islets and the human insulin-secreting EndoC-βH1 cells were investigated to uncover genes involved in β-cell steroid stress-response processes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed glucocorticoids to exert their effects mainly on enhancer genomic regions in collaboration with auxiliary transcription factor families including AP-1, ETS/TEAD, and FOX. Remarkably, we identified the transcription factor ZBTB16 as a highly confident direct glucocorticoid target. Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of ZBTB16 was time- and dose-dependent. Manipulation of ZBTB16 expression in EndoC-βH1 cells combined with dexamethasone treatment demonstrated its protective role against glucocorticoid-induced reduction of insulin secretion and mitochondrial function impairment. In conclusion, we determine the molecular impact of glucocorticoids on human islets and insulin-secreting cells and investigate the effects of glucocorticoid targets on β-cell function. Our findings can pave the way for therapies against steroid-induced diabetes mellitus.
Keywords	Endocrine system physiology ; Human metabolism ; Molecular mechanism of gene regulation ; Bioinformatics ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Odonata (Insecta) of Dhofar, southern Oman

Elaine M. Cowan / Peter J. Cowan

Journal of Threatened Taxa, Vol 10, Iss 11, Pp 12499-

2018 Volume 12514

Abstract: The Dhofar governorate of Oman (‘Dhofar’) is largely desert with a mainly arid climate. It contains an Afrotropical escarpment region influenced by monsoon precipitation. We summarise published records of odonates for Dhofar, organised by four natural ... ...

Abstract	The Dhofar governorate of Oman (‘Dhofar’) is largely desert with a mainly arid climate. It contains an Afrotropical escarpment region influenced by monsoon precipitation. We summarise published records of odonates for Dhofar, organised by four natural regions, present our unpublished photographic records for 23 sites according to these regions and produce a Dhofar apparent-status statement for most odonate species. Records for the regionally Endangered Urothemis thomasi and regionally Endangered Acisoma variegatum and regionally Least Concern Paragomphus sinaiticus are discussed.
Keywords	acisoma variegatum ; arabian peninsula ; dragonflies ; paragomphus sinaiticus ; species inventory ; urothemis thomasi ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology in clinical high risk for psychosis: Validation and extension.

Williams, Trevor F / Williams, Alexander L / Cowan, Henry R / Walker, Elaine F / Cannon, Tyrone D / Bearden, Carrie E / Keshavan, Matcheri / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Addington, Jean / Woods, Scott W / Perkins, Diana O / Mathalon, Daniel H / Cadenhead, Kristin S / Stone, William S / Mittal, Vijay A

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science

2024 Volume 133, Issue 3, Page(s) 235–244

Abstract: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium's transdiagnostic dimensional model of psychopathology has considerable support; however, this model has been underresearched in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), a ... ...

Abstract	The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium's transdiagnostic dimensional model of psychopathology has considerable support; however, this model has been underresearched in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), a population that may advance the model. CHR-P individuals not only have attenuated psychotic symptoms that vary in severity, but also have many comorbid diagnoses and varied clinical outcomes, including disorders with uncertain relations to HiTOP (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder). The present study used self-report and interview data from North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-3 (710 CHR, 96 controls) to replicate the HiTOP model and test specific hypotheses regarding disorders with uncertain relations to its dimensions. Additionally, the present study examined the HiTOP model in relation to childhood trauma, declines in social functioning, and development of full psychosis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the HiTOP model's fit was nearly adequate (e.g., comparative fit index = .89), though several theory-relevant modifications were indicated. Additionally, specific tests were conducted to gain a more fine-grained perspective on how disorders with less clear prior evidence were related to the HiTOP model. Notable findings from these analyses include bipolar spectrum disorders relating to the psychosis super spectrum (i.e., .39 loading), and obsessive-compulsive disorder showing a complex pattern of loadings (e.g., internalizing and psychosis). The final model parsimoniously accounted for childhood trauma (e.g., super spectra
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychopathology ; Bipolar Disorder
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3121059-4
ISSN	2769-755X
ISSN (online)	2769-755X
DOI	10.1037/abn0000893
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Zs.A 5071: Show issues

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