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  1. Article ; Online: Generative artificial intelligence in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery editorial: be an actor of the future or follower.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

    2024  Volume 281, Issue 4, Page(s) 2051–2053

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Otolaryngology ; Head/surgery ; Nose ; Neck/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1017359-6
    ISSN 1434-4726 ; 0937-4477
    ISSN (online) 1434-4726
    ISSN 0937-4477
    DOI 10.1007/s00405-024-08579-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Management of Pediatric Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A State-of-the-Art Review of Etiologies, Diagnosis, and Treatments.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Objective: This paper reviews the current literature about epidemiology, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of pediatric bilateral vocal fold paralysis (PBVFP).: Methods: According to PRISMA statements, a narrative review of the current literature ...

    Abstract Objective: This paper reviews the current literature about epidemiology, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of pediatric bilateral vocal fold paralysis (PBVFP).
    Methods: According to PRISMA statements, a narrative review of the current literature was conducted through the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases about the epidemiology, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of PBVFP.
    Results: PBVCP is the second most common congenital laryngeal anomaly in the pediatric population, accounting for 10% to 20% of pediatric laryngeal conditions. PBVCP is related to idiopathic (42.2%), congenital (19.7%), and neurological (16.9%) conditions. A tracheotomy is required in 60% of cases regarding stridor and dyspnea, which are the most prevalent symptoms. The diagnosis is based on the etiological features, clinical presentation, laryngoscopic findings, and objective examinations. Laryngeal electromyography may be used to support the diagnosis in difficult cases, but its reliability depends on the practitioner's experience. The primary differential diagnosis is posterior glottis stenosis, which needs to be excluded regarding therapeutic and management differences with PBVCP. Transient surgical procedures consist of tracheotomy or laterofixation of the vocal fold. Current permanent procedures include uni- or bilateral partial arytenoidectomy, posterior transverse cordotomy, cricoid splits, and laryngeal selective reinnervation. There is no evidence of the superiority of some procedures over others.
    Conclusions: PBVCP is the second most common laryngeal disorder in the pediatric population. Diagnosis is based on etiological and clinical findings and may require the use of laryngeal electromyography. Therapeutic management may involve several transient or permanent surgical procedures that are associated with overall subjective improvements in symptoms, laryngeal findings, and low complication rates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children11040398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Practice.

    Lechien, Jérôme R

    Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

    2023  Volume 169, Issue 1, Page(s) 97–104

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).: Study design: Prospective controlled.: Setting: University medical ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).
    Study design: Prospective controlled.
    Setting: University medical center.
    Methods: Patients presenting with LPR symptoms and signs were consecutively included after diagnosis confirmation through 24-hour hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring. Healthy individuals were recruited to compose a control group. Symptoms and signs were evaluated with the reflux symptom score and reflux sign assessment. The SE, SP, PPV, and NPV of symptoms and signs were assessed.
    Results: The study included 403 patients with LPR and 144 healthy individuals. Throat clearing, globus sensation, heartburn, and excess throat mucus were symptoms with the highest SE (67.5%-69.7%), SP (12.5%-20.8%), and NPV (48.3%-49.2%). The combination of throat clearing, heartburn, globus sensation, and excess throat mucus led to a high SE (96.0%) and NPV (85.2%). Anterior pillar erythema, tongue tonsil hypertrophy, and posterior commissure hypertrophy resulted in the highest SE (75.5%-83.5%). The highest SP was found for uvula erythema/edema, epiglottis erythema, and interarytenoid granulatory tissue (97.1%-97.2%). The association of nonendoscopic signs (anterior pillar erythema, uvula erythema/edema, and coated tongue) had an SE and SP of 80.1% and 47.2%, respectively. The association of throat clearing, heartburn, globus, anterior pillar erythema, and uvula erythema/edema had the highest SE (98.8%), SP (33.3%), PPV (94.3%), and NPV (70.6%).
    Conclusion: LPR symptoms and signs reported low SP and NPV. The SE, SP, PPV, and NPV may be maximized with the association of throat clearing, heartburn, globus sensation, anterior pillar erythema, and uvula erythema/edema.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis ; Heartburn/diagnosis ; Heartburn/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Esophageal pH Monitoring
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392085-9
    ISSN 1097-6817 ; 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
    ISSN (online) 1097-6817
    ISSN 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
    DOI 10.1177/01945998221121822
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Personalized Treatments Based on Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patient Profiles: A Narrative Review.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Journal of personalized medicine

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 11

    Abstract: Objective: To review the current findings of the literature on the existence of several profiles of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients and to propose personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.: Methods: A state-of-the art review of the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To review the current findings of the literature on the existence of several profiles of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients and to propose personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
    Methods: A state-of-the art review of the literature was conducted using the PubMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. The information related to epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic responses were extracted to identify outcomes that may influence the clinical and therapeutic courses of LPR.
    Results: The clinical presentation and therapeutic courses of LPR may be influenced by gender, age, weight, comorbidities, dietary habits and culture, anxiety, stress, and saliva enzyme profile. The clinical expression of reflux, including laryngopharyngeal, respiratory, nasal, and eye symptoms, and the hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring profile of patients are important issues to improve in patient management. The use of more personalized therapeutic strategies appears to be associated with better symptom relief and cures over the long-term. The role of pepsin in LPR physiology is well-established but the lack of information about the role of other gastrointestinal enzymes in the development of LPR-related mucosa inflammation limits the development of future enzyme-based personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
    Conclusion: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a challenging ear, nose, and throat condition associated with poor therapeutic responses and a long-term burden in Western countries. Artificial intelligence should be used for developing personalized therapeutic strategies based on patient features.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662248-8
    ISSN 2075-4426
    ISSN 2075-4426
    DOI 10.3390/jpm13111567
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Pediatric Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: An Evidence-Based Review.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: Purpose: Pediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux (P-LPR) is associated with the development of common otolaryngological symptoms and findings. In the present study, the findings about epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Pediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux (P-LPR) is associated with the development of common otolaryngological symptoms and findings. In the present study, the findings about epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes of pediatric population were reviewed.
    Methods: A PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus literature search was conducted about evidence-based findings in epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes of P-LPR.
    Findings: The prevalence of LPR remains unknown in infant and child populations. The clinical presentation depends on age. Infants with LPR symptoms commonly have both gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux and related digestive, respiratory and ear, nose and throat symptoms. The GERD prevalence appears to decrease over the growth, and the clinical picture is increasingly associated with LPR symptoms and findings without GERD. The prevalence of LPR and proximal acid and nonacid esophageal reflux events may be high in some prevalent otolaryngological conditions (chronic otitis media, laryngolomalacia and apnea). However, the lack of use of hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring (HEMII-pH) limits the establishment of etiological associations. Proton pump inhibitors are less effective in P-LPR patients compared to GERD populations, which may be related to the high prevalence of weakly or nonacid reflux events.
    Conclusions: Many gray areas persist in P-LPR and should be not resolved without the establishment of diagnostic criteria (guidelines) based on HEMII-pH. The unavailability of HEMII-pH and the poor acid-suppressive therapeutic response are all issues requiring future investigations. Future controlled studies using HEMII-pH and enzyme measurements in ear, nose or throat fluids may clarify the epidemiology of P-LPR according to age and its association with many otolaryngological conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children10030583
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Diagnostic Value of Fasting and Bedtime Saliva Pepsin Measurements in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.

    Lechien, Jerome R / Bobin, Francois

    Biomedicines

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: The pepsin test is an emerging non-invasive diagnostic approach for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of multiple salivary pepsin tests for detecting LPR.: Methods: Patients with ...

    Abstract Background: The pepsin test is an emerging non-invasive diagnostic approach for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of multiple salivary pepsin tests for detecting LPR.
    Methods: Patients with suspected LPR and asymptomatic individuals were consecutively recruited from January 2020 to November 2022. Patients benefited from hypopharyngeal-esophageal impedance-pH monitoring (HEMII-pH) and fasting and bedtime saliva collections to measure oral pepsin. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated considering fasting, bedtime, and the highest values of the pepsin tests at ≥16, ≥36, ≥45, and ≥100 ng/mL cutoffs.
    Results: The pepsin test was adequately performed in 147 LPR patients and 32 controls. The pepsin tests were 81.6%, 74.8%, and 61.5% sensitive at cutoffs of ≥16, ≥45, and ≥100 ng/mL, respectively. The PPVs were 93.0%, 94.0%, and 94.8%, respectively. The highest specificity (81.8%) was found for the fasting pepsin test at a cutoff of 100 ng/mL. The highest sensitivity (81.6%) was found by considering the highest measured pepsin test at the ≥16 ng/mL threshold. The measurement of fasting saliva pepsin was associated with the highest sensitivity and specificity value. At ≥16 ng/mL, 27 patients had negative findings, indicating that 18.4% (27/147) of the true positive cases were missed by considering the highest pepsin test. The receiver operating characteristic curve reported that a cutoff of 21.5 was 76.9% sensitive and 62.5% specific, while the PPV and NPV were 91.1% and 38.2%, respectively.
    Conclusions: The consideration of the highest concentration of the fasting and bedtime saliva pepsin collections at a cutoff of 21.5 was associated with the best detection rate and sensitivity of the pepsin tests.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines12020398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Do Otolaryngologists Over- or Underestimate Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms and Findings in Clinical Practice? A Comparison Study between the True Prevalence and the Otolaryngologist-Estimated Prevalence of Symptoms and Findings.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 17

    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and to compare them with the otolaryngologist-estimated prevalence of the most common LPR-related symptoms and signs. Methods: The prevalence of LPR symptoms ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and to compare them with the otolaryngologist-estimated prevalence of the most common LPR-related symptoms and signs. Methods: The prevalence of LPR symptoms and signs was determined through the clinical data of 403 patients with a positive LPR diagnosis on hypopharyngeal−esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring. The otolaryngologist-estimated prevalence was assessed through an international survey investigating the thoughts of 824 otolaryngologists toward LPR symptom and sign prevalence. The determination of potential over- or underestimation of LPR symptoms and findings was investigated through a data comparison between the ‘true’ prevalence and the ‘estimated prevalence’ of symptoms and findings by otolaryngologists. Results: The prevalence of breathing difficulties, coated tongue, and ventricular band inflammation was adequately evaluated by otolaryngologists. The prevalence of hoarseness, throat pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, throat clearing, globus sensation, excess throat mucus, tongue burning, heartburn, regurgitations, halitosis, cough after eating or lying down, and troublesome cough was overestimated by otolaryngologists (p < 0.01), while the prevalence of chest pain was underestimated as an LPR symptom. Most laryngeal signs, e.g., arytenoid/laryngeal erythema, inter-arytenoid granulation, posterior commissure hypertrophy, retrocricoid edema/erythema, and endolaryngeal sticky mucus, were overestimated (p < 0.01). The occurrence of anterior pillar erythema and tongue tonsil hypertrophy was underestimated by participants. Conclusion: Most laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms and laryngeal signs were overestimated by otolaryngologists, while some non-laryngeal findings were underestimated. Future studies are needed to better understand the reasons for this phenomenon and to improve the awareness of otolaryngologists toward the most and least prevalent reflux symptoms and signs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm11175192
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Clinical Update Findings about pH-Impedance Monitoring Features in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 11

    Abstract: Purpose: The diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is commonly based on non-specific symptoms and findings and a positive response to an empirical therapeutic trial. The therapeutic response is, however, unpredictable, and many patients need pH- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is commonly based on non-specific symptoms and findings and a positive response to an empirical therapeutic trial. The therapeutic response is, however, unpredictable, and many patients need pH-impedance monitoring to confirm the diagnosis. Methods: A review of the recent literature was conducted in PubMED, Scopus, and Embase about the pH-study features of LPR patients. A summary of last evidence was proposed. Results: The awareness of otolaryngologists about indications and interpretation of pH-impedance monitoring is low. The hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (HEMII-pH) is the most reliable examination determining the type and composition of hypopharyngeal reflux events (HRE) and the LPR features. The use of HEMII-pH is important to confirm the diagnosis in selected patients because non-specificity of symptoms and findings. There are no international consensus guidelines for the LPR diagnosis at the HEMII-pH. However, most studies supported the occurrence of >1 acid/weakly acid/nonacid HRE as diagnostic threshold. HREs are more frequently gaseous, weakly/nonacid compared with reflux events of gastroesophageal reflux. HREs occurred as daytime and upright, which does not support the value of double proton pump inhibitors or bedtime alginate. Oropharyngeal pH-monitoring is another approach reporting different sensitivity and specificity outcomes from HEMII-pH. The use of Ryan score for the LPR diagnosis at the oropharyngeal pH monitoring may be controversial regarding the low consideration of alkaline HREs. Conclusions: The awareness of otolaryngologists about HEMII-pH indication, features, and interpretation is an important issue regarding the high prevalence of LPR in outpatients consulting in otolaryngology. The HEMII-pH findings may indicate a more personalized treatment considering type and occurrence time of HREs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm11113158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Treating and Managing Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease in the Over 65s: Evidence to Date.

    Lechien, Jerome R

    Clinical interventions in aging

    2022  Volume 17, Page(s) 1625–1633

    Abstract: Purpose: The clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes of elderly patients may be different from those in younger populations, leading to additional diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The present study reviewed the findings on the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes of elderly patients may be different from those in younger populations, leading to additional diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The present study reviewed the findings on the epidemiology, and clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic outcomes of elderly patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).
    Methods: A PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus literature search was conducted on the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic findings of elderly LPR patients.
    Findings: The prevalence of LPR in the elderly population remains unknown. From a clinical standpoint, older LPR patients report overall lower symptom scores and related quality-of-life outcomes at the time of the diagnosis. The required treatment time to obtain symptom relief appears to be longer in older compared with younger patients. Particular attention needs to be paid to prolonged medication use because the elderly population is characterized by polypharmacy and there is a higher risk of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) interactions and adverse events. The plasma clearance of most PPIs is reduced with age, which must be considered by practitioners in the prescription of antireflux therapy.
    Conclusion: The clinical presentation and treatment efficacy of elderly LPR patients differ from those in younger patients. Practitioners need to carefully consider the risk of drug interactions and adverse events in elderly patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/drug therapy ; Kinetics ; Polypharmacy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-15
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2364924-0
    ISSN 1178-1998 ; 1176-9092
    ISSN (online) 1178-1998
    ISSN 1176-9092
    DOI 10.2147/CIA.S371992
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Epidemiological, clinical and oncological outcomes of laryngeal verrucous carcinomas: a systematic review.

    Lechien, Jérôme R / Hans, Stéphane

    Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 81

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate epidemiological, clinical and oncological outcomes of patients with laryngeal verrucous carcinomas (LVC).: Methods: Two independent authors investigated PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for studies dedicated to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate epidemiological, clinical and oncological outcomes of patients with laryngeal verrucous carcinomas (LVC).
    Methods: Two independent authors investigated PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for studies dedicated to epidemiological, clinical and oncological outcomes of patients with LVC. The following outcomes were investigated with PRISMA criteria: age; gender; tobacco/alcohol consumption; HPV infection; anatomical, pathological, therapeutic and survival outcomes. Studies were analyzed for bias through a validated clinical tool.
    Results: Of the 212 identified articles, 15 retrospective studies and one prospective uncontrolled study met our inclusion criteria. Three studies reported findings from national databases. The males/females ratio is 9/1. Mean age was 60.3 years, which was younger compared to other laryngeal malignancies. The alcohol, cigarette overuse and the HPV status of patients were lacking in most studies. Glottis and supraglottis were the most common anatomical locations, corresponding to 78.7% and 12.4% of cases, respectively. The main therapeutic approaches consisted of surgery, radiotherapy, surgery followed by radiotherapy. Treatments reported 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival of 86.3 and 90.8, respectively. The 5- and 10-year local control rate were 83.6 and 72.6, respectively. The 10-year disease-specific survival was 80.2. Heterogeneity between studies was found for inclusion criteria, comorbidity data, and treatments.
    Conclusion: LVC is a rare laryngeal cancer associated with better survival and recurrence outcomes than laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The role of radiotherapy in the treatment regimen needs to be investigated in future prospective controlled studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Verrucous/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Verrucous/therapy ; Neoplasm Staging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2434004-2
    ISSN 1916-0216 ; 1916-0208 ; 0381-6605
    ISSN (online) 1916-0216
    ISSN 1916-0208 ; 0381-6605
    DOI 10.1186/s40463-023-00666-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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