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Article: Global brain atrophy and corticospinal tract alterations in ALS, as investigated by voxel-based morphometry of 3-D MRI.

Kassubek, Jan / Unrath, Alexander / Huppertz, Hans-Jürgen / Lulé, Dorothée / Ethofer, Thomas / Sperfeld, Anne-Dorte / Ludolph, Albert C

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders : official publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases

2005 Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 213–220

Abstract: ... the underlying pathology. In this study, the technique of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to 3-D MRI ... of the patients had any signs of associated frontotemporal dementia. High-resolution 3-D MRI data sets ...

Abstract	In ALS, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly used to investigate the underlying pathology. In this study, the technique of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to 3-D MRI data in ALS patients to localize regional grey and white matter changes. Twenty-two ALS patients (mean age 58+/-9 years) with clinically definite ALS by revised El Escorial criteria were studied. None of the patients had any signs of associated frontotemporal dementia. High-resolution 3-D MRI data sets of the whole brain, collected on a 1.5 T scanner, were analysed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and VBM in comparison to an age-matched normal data base consisting of 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 59+/-11 years), for grey matter and white matter segments separately. Global brain atrophy was assessed by calculation of brain parenchymal fractions (BPF). In ALS patients, BPF were significantly reduced compared to controls (p = 0.0003), indicating global brain atrophy. Regional decreases of grey matter density were found in the ALS patients at corrected p<0.01 in the right-hemispheric primary motor cortex (area of the highest Z-score) and in the left medial frontal gyrus. Furthermore, regional white matter alterations were observed along the corticospinal tracts bilaterally and in multiple smaller areas including corpus callosum, cerebellum, frontal and occipital subcortical regions. Besides considerable global atrophy in ALS, the topography of ALS-associated cerebral morphological changes could be mapped using VBM, in particular white matter signal changes along the bilateral corticospinal tracts, but also in extra-motor areas. VBM might be a potential tool to visualize disease progression in future longitudinal studies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Atrophy/pathology ; Brain Diseases/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyramidal Tracts/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2023460-0
ISSN	1471-180X ; 1466-0822
ISSN (online)	1471-180X
ISSN	1466-0822
DOI	10.1080/14660820510038538
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Article ; Online: Food quality shapes gradual phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms facing temperature variability.

Van Baelen, Marine / Bec, Alexandre / Sperfeld, Erik / Frizot, Nathan / Koussoroplis, Apostolos-Manuel

Ecology

2024 Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) e4263

Abstract: ... to unravel the temporal dynamics of gradual plasticity and its long-term consequences for D. magna ... that in D. magna, fluctuation periodicity determines the differential between observed growth rates and ...

Abstract	Organisms exhibit reversible physiological adjustments as a response to rapidly changing environments. Yet such plasticity of the phenotype is gradual and may lag behind environmental fluctuations, thereby affecting long-term average performance of the organisms. By supplying energy and essential compounds for optimal tissue building, food determines the range of possible phenotypic changes and potentially the rate at which they occur. Here, we assess how differences in the dietary supply of essential lipids modulate the phenotypic plasticity of an ectotherm facing thermal fluctuations. We use three phytoplankton strains to create a gradient of polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol supply for Daphnia magna under constant and fluctuating temperatures. We used three different fluctuation periodicities to unravel the temporal dynamics of gradual plasticity and its long-term consequences for D. magna performance measured as juvenile somatic growth rate. In agreement with gradual plasticity theory, we show that in D. magna, fluctuation periodicity determines the differential between observed growth rates and those expected from constant conditions. Most importantly, we show that diet modulates both the size and the direction of the growth rate differential. Overall, we demonstrate that the nutritional context is essential for predicting ectotherm consumers' performance in fluctuating thermal environments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Temperature ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Phenotype ; Food ; Food Quality ; Daphnia/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4263
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Article: Food quality mediates responses of Daphnia magna life history traits and heat tolerance to elevated temperature

Sarrazin, Jana / Sperfeld, Erik

Freshwater biology. 2022 Sept., v. 67, no. 9

2022

Abstract: ... limitation can mediate responses of D. magna life history traits and heat tolerance to increasing ...

Abstract	Surface waters are warming due to climate change, potentially pushing aquatic organisms closer to their thermal tolerance limits. However, cyanobacterial blooms are expected to occur more often with rising temperature, increasing the likelihood of poor‐quality food available for herbivorous zooplankton. Zooplankton can adapt locally by genetic differentiation or via adaptive phenotypic plasticity to increasing temperatures, but there is limited knowledge on how these processes may be affected by food quality limitation imposed by cyanobacteria. To test the effects of cyanobacteria‐mediated food quality on local temperature adaptation, we measured juvenile somatic growth and reproduction of five Daphnia magna clones from different latitudinal origin grown on three food qualities at 20, 24, and 28°C. Additionally we estimated short‐term heat tolerance, measured as knockout time (time to immobility) at lethally high temperature, of two clones acclimated to the three temperatures and two food quality levels to test for the effects of food quality on adaptive plastic responses. As expected, clones from lower latitudes showed on average better somatic growth and reproduction than clones from higher latitudes at higher temperatures. However, the difference in somatic growth diminished with increasing cyanobacteria abundance in the diet, suggesting constraints on local genetic adaptation under predicted decreases in food quality. As expected, short‐term heat tolerance of the clones generally increased with increasing acclimation temperature. However, heat tolerance of animals acclimated to the highest temperature was larger when grown at medium than at good food quality, whereas the opposite response was observed for animals acclimated to the lowest temperature. This suggests a better adaptive phenotypic response of animals to elevated temperatures under higher cyanobacteria abundance, and thus shows an opposite pattern to the results for somatic growth. Overall, we demonstrate that food quality limitation can mediate responses of D. magna life history traits and heat tolerance to increasing temperatures, and that the effects differ depending on the time scale studied, that is, mid‐term (somatic growth) versus short‐term (tolerance to acute heat stress). These aspects will need further attention to accurately predict of how organisms will cope with future global warming by local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
Keywords	Daphnia magna ; acclimation ; diet ; food quality ; genetic variation ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; herbivores ; juveniles ; life history ; limnology ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; reproduction ; temperature ; zooplankton
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 1521-1531.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	121180-8
ISSN	0046-5070
ISSN	0046-5070
DOI	10.1111/fwb.13957
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Conference proceedings: Brain atrophy and neuropsychological function testing in pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis: a 3-D MRI-based correlation study

Sperfeld, AD / Baumgartner, A / Uttner, I / Gdynia, K

Klinische Neurophysiologie

2006

Abstract: ... we calculated the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) from 3-D MRI data in all patients. BPF can specify ...

Event/congress	Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Neurophysiologie und Funktionelle Bildgebung, Bad Nauheim, 2006
Abstract	The hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of rare heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders that share the principal clinical feature of progressive lower limb spastic paralysis. They are classified into pure (pHSP) and complicated (cHSP) forms depending on whether the paraparesis exists alone or in combination with other major clinical features. Cognitive impairment is a frequent feature in cHSP variants and includes the occurrence of mental impairment, dementia, isolated cognitive abnormalities or premature cognitive decline. The aim of the study was to find out if and to which extent a neuropsychological impairment occurs within the different forms of HSP. We evaluated 20 pHSP patients and 11 cHSP patients in comparison to an age-, sex-, and education-matched control cohort. A comprehensive test battery covering a broad range of cognitive functions as well as a screening for dementia was done. Tests were as follows: Digit Span, Block-Span, California Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Coloured Progressive Matrices, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Mini-Mental Status Test. Furthermore, we calculated the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) from 3-D MRI data in all patients. BPF can specify the presence of global brain atrophy or (in an adapted processing step) changes in the white or the grey matter subfractions. The neuropsychological and the BPF data were correlated. In the pHSP group, significant impairments were observed in memory testing only. Correlation to the MR data showed the screening for attention and dementia. The cHSP patients were characterized by a significantly reduced test performance in comparison to its control group, irrespective of the domain that had been assessed. In addition, nearly all different neuropsychological test modalities showed significant correlations to the BPF and the grey and white matter.
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-24
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	80107-0
ISSN	1439-4081 ; 1434-0275 ; 0012-7590
ISSN (online)	1439-4081
ISSN	1434-0275 ; 0012-7590
DOI	10.1055/s-2006-939293
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda)

Sperfeld, Erik / Nilssen, Jens Petter / Rinehart, Shelby / Schwenk, Klaus / Hessen, Dag Olav

Oecologia. 2020 Mar., v. 192, no. 3

2020

Abstract: ... studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in other Daphnia species is limited. The occurrence ... of this trait in the D. longispina species complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape ... Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number of D. longispina populations across ...

Abstract	Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in other Daphnia species is limited. The occurrence of this trait in the D. longispina species complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape of neckteeth or the occurrence of other morphological defense traits is scarcely known in this widespread group. Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number of D. longispina populations across Scandinavia and studied neckteeth formation and other morphological defense traits on three D. longispina clones in the laboratory. In the study region, neckteeth on juvenile D. longispina s. str. were observed frequently in permanent ponds, but only when Chaoborus spp. larvae were present. In the laboratory experiments, all three D. longispina clones developed neckteeth (very similar to D. pulex) in response to Chaoborus kairomone exposure. The D. longispina clones also developed a longer tail spine, wider body, and larger neckteeth pedestal in response to predation threat—likely as a defense against the gape-limited predator. The intensity of neckteeth expression also depended on the clone studied and the concentration of Chaoborus kairomone. Our results demonstrate that neckteeth on D. longispina can be common in nature and that D. longispina can also induce other morphological defenses against predators. The similarity of neckteeth in D. longispina and D. pulex imposes yet unresolved questions on the evolutionary origin in these distantly related Daphnia groups.
Keywords	Chaoborus ; Daphnia longispina ; juveniles ; kairomones ; predation ; Scandinavia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Size	p. 687-698.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04588-6
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Article ; Online: Aerobic bacteria produce nitric oxide via denitrification and promote algal population collapse.

Abada, Adi / Beiralas, Roni / Narvaez, Delia / Sperfeld, Martin / Duchin-Rapp, Yemima / Lipsman, Valeria / Yuda, Lilach / Cohen, Bar / Carmieli, Raanan / Ben-Dor, Shifra / Rocha, Jorge / Huang Zhang, Irene / Babbin, Andrew R / Segev, Einat

The ISME journal

2023 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 1167–1183

Abstract: Microbial interactions govern marine biogeochemistry. These interactions are generally considered to rely on exchange of organic molecules. Here we report on a novel inorganic route of microbial communication, showing that algal-bacterial interactions ... ...

Abstract	Microbial interactions govern marine biogeochemistry. These interactions are generally considered to rely on exchange of organic molecules. Here we report on a novel inorganic route of microbial communication, showing that algal-bacterial interactions between Phaeobacter inhibens bacteria and Gephyrocapsa huxleyi algae are mediated through inorganic nitrogen exchange. Under oxygen-rich conditions, aerobic bacteria reduce algal-secreted nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) through denitrification, a well-studied anaerobic respiratory mechanism. The bacterial NO is involved in triggering a cascade in algae akin to programmed cell death. During death, algae further generate NO, thereby propagating the signal in the algal population. Eventually, the algal population collapses, similar to the sudden demise of oceanic algal blooms. Our study suggests that the exchange of inorganic nitrogen species in oxygenated environments is a potentially significant route of microbial communication within and across kingdoms.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria, Aerobic/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; Denitrification ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2406536-5
ISSN	1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
ISSN (online)	1751-7370
ISSN	1751-7362
DOI	10.1038/s41396-023-01427-8
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Article ; Online: Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda).

Sperfeld, Erik / Nilssen, Jens Petter / Rinehart, Shelby / Schwenk, Klaus / Hessen, Dag Olav

Oecologia

2020 Volume 192, Issue 3, Page(s) 687–698

Abstract	Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in other Daphnia species is limited. The occurrence of this trait in the D. longispina species complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape of neckteeth or the occurrence of other morphological defense traits is scarcely known in this widespread group. Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number of D. longispina populations across Scandinavia and studied neckteeth formation and other morphological defense traits on three D. longispina clones in the laboratory. In the study region, neckteeth on juvenile D. longispina s. str. were observed frequently in permanent ponds, but only when Chaoborus spp. larvae were present. In the laboratory experiments, all three D. longispina clones developed neckteeth (very similar to D. pulex) in response to Chaoborus kairomone exposure. The D. longispina clones also developed a longer tail spine, wider body, and larger neckteeth pedestal in response to predation threat-likely as a defense against the gape-limited predator. The intensity of neckteeth expression also depended on the clone studied and the concentration of Chaoborus kairomone. Our results demonstrate that neckteeth on D. longispina can be common in nature and that D. longispina can also induce other morphological defenses against predators. The similarity of neckteeth in D. longispina and D. pulex imposes yet unresolved questions on the evolutionary origin in these distantly related Daphnia groups.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cladocera ; Daphnia ; Larva ; Predatory Behavior ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04588-6
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Article ; Online: Bridging factorial and gradient concepts of resource co-limitation: towards a general framework applied to consumers.

Sperfeld, Erik / Raubenheimer, David / Wacker, Alexander

Ecology letters

2015

Abstract: Organism growth can be limited either by a single resource or by multiple resources simultaneously (co-limitation). Efforts to characterise co-limitation have generated two influential approaches. One approach uses limitation scenarios of factorial ... ...

Abstract	Organism growth can be limited either by a single resource or by multiple resources simultaneously (co-limitation). Efforts to characterise co-limitation have generated two influential approaches. One approach uses limitation scenarios of factorial growth assays to distinguish specific types of co-limitation; the other uses growth responses spanned over a continuous, multi-dimensional resource space to characterise different types of response surfaces. Both approaches have been useful in investigating particular aspects of co-limitation, but a synthesis is needed to stimulate development of this recent research area. We address this gap by integrating the two approaches, thereby presenting a more general framework of co-limitation. We found that various factorial (co-)limitation scenarios can emerge in different response surface types based on continuous availabilities of essential or substitutable resources. We tested our conceptual co-limitation framework on data sets of published and unpublished studies examining the limitation of two herbivorous consumers in a two-dimensional resource space. The experimental data corroborate the predictions, suggesting a general applicability of our co-limitation framework to generalist consumers and potentially also to other organisms. The presented framework might give insight into mechanisms that underlie co-limitation responses and thus can be a seminal starting point for evaluating co-limitation patterns in experiments and nature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.12554
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Nutritional status of motor neuron diseases in relation to their disease duration

Sperfeld, A.D

Aktuelle Neurologie

2008

Abstract: During the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone diseases (ALS/MND) malnutrition occurs with a prevalence of 10–55 percent. Irrespective of the various causes of malnutrition (e.g. dysphagia, depression, disability to use the cutlery), an ...

Event/congress	Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Hamburg, 2008
Abstract	During the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone diseases (ALS/MND) malnutrition occurs with a prevalence of 10–55 percent. Irrespective of the various causes of malnutrition (e.g. dysphagia, depression, disability to use the cutlery), an additional intrinsic hypermetabolism of unknown causes leading to an increase in resting energy expenditure. Because malnutrition and weight loss are independent significant prognostic factors for survival in ALS/MND, an adequate disease state adapted nutrition is an integral component of treatment in such diseases. Less is known about the nutritional status and the energy intake during the disease duration. This presentation gives an overview about a comparable simple nutritional assessment in AL/MND patients. Beside the estimation of disease related parameters (ALS-FRS-R, FEV1, presence of dysphagia) nutritional assessment includes the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI), estimation of the body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and a standardised interview of the daily food composition (including artificial supplements and nutrition) will be done. One interesting point of this evaluation is to find out at which time point a change in or an additional nutrition becomes necessary. In conclusion, the improvement of nutritional status accounts for a shift from an attitude of nihilism to treatments that prolong survival and offer hope in ALS/MND patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09-02
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	124980-0
ISSN	1438-9428 ; 0302-4350 ; 1431-4886
ISSN (online)	1438-9428
ISSN	0302-4350 ; 1431-4886
DOI	10.1055/s-0028-1086494
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Temperature affects the limitation of Daphnia magna by eicosapentaenoic acid, and the fatty acid composition of body tissue and eggs

SPERFELD, ERIK / WACKER, ALEXANDER

Freshwater biology. 2012 Mar., v. 57, no. 3

2012

Abstract: ... cyanobacterium with the ω3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The growth of D. magna was more strongly EPA limited ...

Abstract	1. Poikilothermic animals incorporate more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into their cellular membranes as temperature declines, suggesting an increased sensitivity to PUFA limitation in cool conditions. To test this we raised Daphnia magna at different temperatures and investigated the effect of varying dietary PUFA on life history parameters (i.e. growth, reproduction) and the PUFA composition of body tissue and eggs. 2. Upon a PUFA‐rich diet (Cryptomonas sp.) females showed higher concentrations of several ω3 PUFAs in their body tissue at 15 °C than at 20 °C and 25 °C, indicating a greater structural requirement for ω3 PUFAs at low temperature. Their eggs had an equal but higher concentration of ω3 PUFAs than their body tissue. 3. In a life history experiment at 15 and 20 °C we supplemented a diet of a PUFA‐free cyanobacterium with the ω3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The growth of D. magna was more strongly EPA limited at low temperature. A greater requirement for structural EPA at 15 °C was indicated by a steeper increase in somatic EPA content with dietary EPA compared to 20 °C. 4. At 20 °C the development of eggs to successful hatching was high when EPA was supplied to the mothers. At 15 °C the hatching success was generally poor, despite of a higher maternal provision of EPA to eggs, compared to that at 20 °C, suggesting that EPA alone was insufficient for proper neonatal development at the low temperature. The growth of offspring from mothers raised at 20 °C without EPA supplementation was very low, indicating that the negative effects of EPA deficiency can be carried on to the next generation. 5. The fatty acid composition of Daphnia sp. in published field studies shows increasing proportions of saturated fatty acids with increasing environmental temperature, whereas ω3 PUFAs and EPA show no clear pattern, suggesting that variations in dietary PUFA may mask temperature‐dependent adjustments in ω3 PUFA concentrations of cladocerans in nature.
Keywords	Cryptomonas ; Cyanobacterium ; Daphnia magna ; ambient temperature ; animals ; body composition ; diet ; eggs ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; fatty acid composition ; females ; hatching ; life history ; mothers ; neonatal development ; plasma membrane ; progeny ; saturated fatty acids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-03
Size	p. 497-508.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121180-8
ISSN	0046-5070
ISSN	0046-5070
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02719.x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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