LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 23

Search options

Article ; Online: Less is more: information needs, information wants, and what makes causal models useful.

Kleinberg, Samantha / Marsh, Jessecae K

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 57

Abstract: Each day people make decisions about complex topics such as health and personal finances. Causal models of these domains have been created to aid decisions, but the resulting models are often complex and it is not known whether people can use them ... ...

Abstract	Each day people make decisions about complex topics such as health and personal finances. Causal models of these domains have been created to aid decisions, but the resulting models are often complex and it is not known whether people can use them successfully. We investigate the trade-off between simplicity and complexity in decision making, testing diagrams tailored to target choices (Experiments 1 and 2), and with relevant causal paths highlighted (Experiment 3), finding that simplicity or directing attention to simple causal paths leads to better decisions. We test the boundaries of this effect (Experiment 4), finding that including a small amount of information beyond that related to the target answer has a detrimental effect. Finally, we examine whether people know what information they need (Experiment 5). We find that simple, targeted, information still leads to the best decisions, while participants who believe they do not need information or seek out the most complex information performed worse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-023-00509-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: What Does it Take to Love a Bug? Knowledge, Emotional Valence, and Politics in Attitudes Toward Insect Conservation.

Malt, Barbara C / Marsh, Jessecae K

Topics in cognitive science

2023 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 500–521

Abstract: ... conservation, for samples of American college students and U.S. and U.K. Prolific workers. We asked ... orientation, and whether this is especially so for U.K. residents, who have a reputation for a love of nature ... that is not linked to political identity. We found that U.K. participants did show greater overall concern ...

Abstract	Domain knowledge is often considered a minor contributor to environmental attitudes, with social and motivational factors dominating. Yet, domains may differ. Declining insect populations are a critical conservation concern but are not prominent in public discourse, potentially reducing the impact of social and motivational variables. We present data on the relations of insect knowledge (both propositional and causal), associated emotional valences, and political orientation to concern for insect conservation, for samples of American college students and U.S. and U.K. Prolific workers. We asked whether concern for insect conservation is more associated with knowledge than emotional valence or political orientation, and whether this is especially so for U.K. residents, who have a reputation for a love of nature that is not linked to political identity. We found that U.K. participants did show greater overall concern, consistent with the national reputation. Causal knowledge mattered, but political orientation was the strongest predictor of concern for insect conservation for both U.S. and U.K. participants. Valence contributed for U.S. participants but not for U.K. participants. Our results suggest that politicized public discourse penetrates attitudes toward insects even when it does not explicitly concern insects, and knowledge variation has less impact. However, the emotional reaction has a reduced influence where relevant discourse is less polarized. Insects may often evoke negative emotions and motivations, but it is not impossible to love a bug.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Attitude ; Emotions ; Students/psychology ; Politics ; Motivation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2482883-X
ISSN	1756-8765 ; 1756-8757
ISSN (online)	1756-8765
ISSN	1756-8757
DOI	10.1111/tops.12676
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Bring out your experts: The relationship between perceived expert causal understanding and pandemic behaviors.

Marsh, Jessecae K / Ungson, Nick D / Packer, Dominic J

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied

2022 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 785–802

Abstract: In the complex modern world, people's understanding of how things work is often outsourced to other people. We explore how people's perceptions of expert causal understanding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic predicted their pandemic-related ...

Abstract	In the complex modern world, people's understanding of how things work is often outsourced to other people. We explore how people's perceptions of expert causal understanding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic predicted their pandemic-related behaviors. As part of a larger longitudinal study, we collected data at four time points that measured participants' perceptions of experts' causal understanding of COVID-19, along with those participants' self-reported pandemic-related health behaviors. We found that perceiving experts to understand the causal mechanism of transmission was predictive of engaging in more social distancing, advice following, hand washing, and mask wearing. Believing experts could intervene and treat the symptoms or underlying cause of COVID-19 was negatively associated with these same behaviors, but to a lesser degree. These results held above and beyond political ideology and were overall similar for people who perceived themselves to be at high or low risk for COVID-19. This research provides new insights into how people's behaviors are guided by perceptions of others' understanding and highlights important implications for expert health-risk communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2103149-6
ISSN	1939-2192 ; 1076-898X
ISSN (online)	1939-2192
ISSN	1076-898X
DOI	10.1037/xap0000402
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Health Information Sourcing and Health Knowledge Quality: Repeated Cross-sectional Survey.

Korshakova, Elena / Marsh, Jessecae K / Kleinberg, Samantha

JMIR formative research

2022 Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) e39274

Abstract: Background: People's health-related knowledge influences health outcomes, as this knowledge may influence whether individuals follow advice from their doctors or public health agencies. Yet, little attention has been paid to where people obtain health ... ...

Abstract	Background: People's health-related knowledge influences health outcomes, as this knowledge may influence whether individuals follow advice from their doctors or public health agencies. Yet, little attention has been paid to where people obtain health information and how these information sources relate to the quality of knowledge. Objective: We aim to discover what information sources people use to learn about health conditions, how these sources relate to the quality of their health knowledge, and how both the number of information sources and health knowledge change over time. Methods: We surveyed 200 different individuals at 12 time points from March through September 2020. At each time point, we elicited participants' knowledge about causes, risk factors, and preventative interventions for 8 viral (Ebola, common cold, COVID-19, Zika) and nonviral (food allergies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], strep throat, stroke) illnesses. Participants were further asked how they learned about each illness and to rate how much they trust various sources of health information. Results: We found that participants used different information sources to obtain health information about common illnesses (food allergies, strep throat, stroke) compared to emerging illnesses (Ebola, common cold, COVID-19, Zika). Participants relied mainly on news media, government agencies, and social media for information about emerging illnesses, while learning about common illnesses from family, friends, and medical professionals. Participants relied on social media for information about COVID-19, with their knowledge accuracy of COVID-19 declining over the course of the pandemic. The number of information sources participants used was positively correlated with health knowledge quality, though there was no relationship with the specific source types consulted. Conclusions: Building on prior work on health information seeking and factors affecting health knowledge, we now find that people systematically consult different types of information sources by illness type and that the number of information sources people use affects the quality of individuals' health knowledge. Interventions to disseminate health information may need to be targeted to where individuals are likely to seek out information, and these information sources differ systematically by illness type.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2561-326X
ISSN (online)	2561-326X
DOI	10.2196/39274
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: A Pandemic of Misbelief

Joseph A. Vitriol / Jessecae K. Marsh

Frontiers in Political Science, Vol

How Beliefs Promote or Undermine COVID-19 Mitigation

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: Sustained and coordinated social action is needed to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health practitioners and governments around the world have issued recommendations and mandates designed to reduce the transmission of ...

Abstract	Sustained and coordinated social action is needed to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health practitioners and governments around the world have issued recommendations and mandates designed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 by influencing the social behaviors of the general public. Why and when are some people unwilling to take action to protect themselves and others from the effects of this public health crisis? We find that belief in COVID-19 consensus information (by the self or perceptions of scientists’ beliefs), are consequential predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. Importantly, support for COVID-19 conspiracy theories predicted decreased, whereas perceived understanding of COVID-19 predicted increased, belief in COVID-19 consensus information. We also implemented an Illusion of Explanatory depth paradigm, an approach to examining knowledge overestimation shown to reduce confidence in one’s understanding of complex phenomena. By requiring participants to elaborate upon COVID-19 conspiracies, we experimentally increased understanding of these theories, which led, in turn, to ironic increases in support for the conspiracy theories and undermined perceived understanding of COVID-19 information for a notable portion of our participants. Together, our results suggest that attention given to COVID-19 conspiracies may be misguided; describing or explaining the existence of COVID-19 conspiracies may ironically increase support for these accounts and undermine knowledge about and willingness to engage in COVID-19 mitigation.
Keywords	conspiracy ; fake news ; COVID-19 ; health communication ; causal reasoning and explanation ; Political science ; J
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Of Pandemics and Zombies: The Influence of Prior Concepts on COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behaviors.

Marsh, Jessecae K / Ungson, Nick D / Packer, Dominic J

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 10

Abstract: We use a concepts and categories research perspective to explore how prior conceptual knowledge influences thinking about a novel disease, namely COVID-19. We collected measures of how similar people thought COVID-19 was to several existing concepts that ...

Abstract	We use a concepts and categories research perspective to explore how prior conceptual knowledge influences thinking about a novel disease, namely COVID-19. We collected measures of how similar people thought COVID-19 was to several existing concepts that may have served as other possible comparison points for the pandemic. We also collected participants' self-reported engagement in pandemic-related behaviors. We found that thinking the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to other serious disease outbreaks predicted greater social distancing and mask-wearing, whereas likening COVID-19 to the seasonal flu predicted engaging in significantly fewer of these behaviors. Thinking of COVID-19 as similar to zombie apocalypse scenarios or moments of major societal upheaval predicted stocking-up behaviors, but not disease mitigation behaviors. These early category comparisons influenced behaviors over a six-month span of longitudinal data collection. Our findings suggest that early conceptual comparisons track with emergent disease categories over time and influence the behaviors people engage in related to the disease. Our research illustrates how early concept formation influences behaviors over time, and suggests ways for public health experts to communicate with the public about emergent diseases.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18105207
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

Order via subito

Details ▾
- Full text online
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Of Pandemics and Zombies

Jessecae K. Marsh / Nick D. Ungson / Dominic J. Packer

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 5207, p

The Influence of Prior Concepts on COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behaviors

2021 Volume 5207

Abstract	We use a concepts and categories research perspective to explore how prior conceptual knowledge influences thinking about a novel disease, namely COVID-19. We collected measures of how similar people thought COVID-19 was to several existing concepts that may have served as other possible comparison points for the pandemic. We also collected participants’ self-reported engagement in pandemic-related behaviors. We found that thinking the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to other serious disease outbreaks predicted greater social distancing and mask-wearing, whereas likening COVID-19 to the seasonal flu predicted engaging in significantly fewer of these behaviors. Thinking of COVID-19 as similar to zombie apocalypse scenarios or moments of major societal upheaval predicted stocking-up behaviors, but not disease mitigation behaviors. These early category comparisons influenced behaviors over a six-month span of longitudinal data collection. Our findings suggest that early conceptual comparisons track with emergent disease categories over time and influence the behaviors people engage in related to the disease. Our research illustrates how early concept formation influences behaviors over time, and suggests ways for public health experts to communicate with the public about emergent diseases.
Keywords	concepts ; COVID-19 ; emergent disease ; health decision-making ; health behaviors ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Lay Judgments of Mental Health Treatment Options: The Mind Versus Body Problem.

Marsh, Jessecae K / Romano, Amanda L

MDM policy & practice

2016 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 2381468316669361

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2861432-X
ISSN	2381-4683 ; 2381-4683
ISSN (online)	2381-4683
ISSN	2381-4683
DOI	10.1177/2381468316669361
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: How causal information affects decisions.

Zheng, Min / Marsh, Jessecae K / Nickerson, Jeffrey V / Kleinberg, Samantha

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2020 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: Background: Causality is inherently linked to decision-making, as causes let us better predict the future and intervene to change it by showing which variables have the capacity to affect others. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible ...

Abstract	Background: Causality is inherently linked to decision-making, as causes let us better predict the future and intervene to change it by showing which variables have the capacity to affect others. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to learn causal models from observational data. While these models have the potential to aid human decisions, it is not yet known whether the output of these algorithms improves decision-making. That is, causal inference methods have been evaluated on their accuracy at uncovering ground truth, but not the utility of such output for human consumption. Simply presenting more information to people may not have the intended effects, particularly when they must combine this information with their existing knowledge and beliefs. While psychological studies have shown that causal models can be used to choose interventions and predict outcomes, that work has not tested structures of the complexity found in machine learning, or how such information is interpreted in the context of existing knowledge. Results: Through experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we study how people use causal information to make everyday decisions about diet, health, and personal finance. Our first experiment, using decisions about maintaining bodyweight, shows that causal information can actually lead to worse decisions than no information at all. In Experiment 2, we test decisions about diabetes management, where some participants have personal domain experience and others do not. We find that individuals without such experience are aided by causal information, while individuals with experience do worse. Finally, our last two experiments probe how prior experience interacts with causal information. We find that while causal information reduces confidence in individuals with prior experience, it has the opposite effect on those without experience. In Experiment 4 we show that our results are not due to an inability to use causal models, and that they may be due to familiarity with a domain rather than actual knowledge. Conclusion: While causal inference can potentially lead to more informed decisions, we find that more work is needed to make causal models useful for the types of decisions found in daily life.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-020-0206-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: The selective power of causality on memory errors.

Marsh, Jessecae K / Kulkofsky, Sarah

Memory (Hove, England)

2015 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 291–305

Abstract: We tested the influence of causal links on the production of memory errors in a misinformation paradigm. Participants studied a set of statements about a person, which were presented as either individual statements or pairs of causally linked statements. ...

Abstract	We tested the influence of causal links on the production of memory errors in a misinformation paradigm. Participants studied a set of statements about a person, which were presented as either individual statements or pairs of causally linked statements. Participants were then provided with causally plausible and causally implausible misinformation. We hypothesised that studying information connected with causal links would promote representing information in a more abstract manner. As such, we predicted that causal information would not provide an overall protection against memory errors, but rather would preferentially help in the rejection of misinformation that was causally implausible, given the learned causal links. In two experiments, we measured whether the causal linkage of information would be generally protective against all memory errors or only selectively protective against certain types of memory errors. Causal links helped participants reject implausible memory lures, but did not protect against plausible lures. Our results suggest that causal information may promote an abstract storage of information that helps prevent only specific types of memory errors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Uncertainty
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2014.884139
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 5983: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

To top

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito