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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation.

Pittet, Laure F / Noble, Christie C A / Messina, Nicole L / Curtis, Nigel

2024 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 304

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2062776-2
ISSN	1474-1741 ; 1474-1733
ISSN (online)	1474-1741
ISSN	1474-1733
DOI	10.1038/s41577-024-01023-7
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Article ; Online: Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation.

Pittet, Laure F / Noble, Christie C A / Messina, Nicole L / Curtis, Nigel

Nature reviews. Immunology

2024 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–84

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Motivation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2062776-2
ISSN	1474-1741 ; 1474-1733
ISSN (online)	1474-1741
ISSN	1474-1733
DOI	10.1038/s41577-024-00992-z
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Article ; Online: BCG to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers. Reply.

Pittet, Laure F / Messina, Nicole L / Curtis, Nigel

The New England journal of medicine

2023 Volume 389, Issue 2, Page(s) 192

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; BCG Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Health Personnel
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMc2306483
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Article ; Online: Inappropriate prescribing contributes to high antibiotic exposure in young children in Australia.

Netea, Stejara A / Messina, Nicole L / Gardiner, Kaya / Pittet, Laure F / Curtis, Nigel

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2024

Abstract: Background: Antibiotic exposure increases antimicrobial resistance and has also been associated with long-term harms, including allergies, inflammatory diseases and weight gain. We assessed antibiotic exposure in the first 2 years of life in Australian ... ...

Abstract	Background: Antibiotic exposure increases antimicrobial resistance and has also been associated with long-term harms, including allergies, inflammatory diseases and weight gain. We assessed antibiotic exposure in the first 2 years of life in Australian children, the factors influencing this and its appropriateness. Methods: Data from 1201 participants in the MIS BAIR randomized controlled trial were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with antibiotic exposure. Results: At 1 and 2 years of age, exposure to at least one course of antibiotics was 43% and 67%, with the highest first antibiotic prescription rate between 9 and 18 months. Amoxicillin was the most frequently used antibiotic (59%), followed by cefalexin (7%). The most common diagnoses for which antibiotics were prescribed were respiratory tract infections from 0 to 6 months of age and otitis media from 6 to 12 months. Factors associated with antibiotic exposure from 0 to 12 months of age were delivery by Caesarean section (adjusted odd-ratio (aOR) 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-1.9), birth in winter (aOR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2-2.4), maternal antibiotic exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3), cessation of breastfeeding by 6 months of age (aOR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.0) and day-care attendance (aOR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.8). Based on parent-reported questionnaires, 27% of infants were treated in the first year of life for conditions unlikely to need antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: At least two-thirds of children were prescribed antibiotics in the first 2 years of life, and more than a quarter of these exposures may have been unnecessary.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dkae090
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Article ; Online: Interpreting the Results of Trials of BCG Vaccination for Protection Against COVID-19.

Noble, Christie C A / Messina, Nicole L / Pittet, Laure F / Curtis, Nigel

The Journal of infectious diseases

2023 Volume 228, Issue 10, Page(s) 1467–1478

Abstract: BCG vaccination has beneficial off-target ("nonspecific") effects on nonmycobacterial infections. On this premise, trials set out to investigate whether BCG provides off-target protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A literature search ... ...

Abstract	BCG vaccination has beneficial off-target ("nonspecific") effects on nonmycobacterial infections. On this premise, trials set out to investigate whether BCG provides off-target protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A literature search identified 11 randomized "BCG COVID-19" trials, with conflicting results. These trials and the differences in their study design are discussed using the PICOT (participants, intervention, control, outcome, and timing) framework to highlight the factors that likely explain their inconsistent findings. These include participant age, sex and comorbid conditions, BCG vaccination strain and dose, outcome measure and duration of follow-up. Understanding how to control these factors to best exploit BCG's off-target effects will be important in designing future trials and intervention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; BCG Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiad316
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial.

Zimmermann, Petra / Pittet, Laure F / Jakob, William / Messina, Nicole L / Falquet, Laurent / Curtis, Nigel

The Pediatric infectious disease journal

2023 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 378–389

Abstract: Introduction: The early-life intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the development and regulation of the immune system. It is unknown whether the administration of vaccines influences the composition of the intestinal microbiome.: Objective! ...

Abstract	Introduction: The early-life intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the development and regulation of the immune system. It is unknown whether the administration of vaccines influences the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Objective: To investigate whether Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine given in the first few days of life influences the abundance of bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age. Methods: Healthy, term-born neonates were randomized at birth to receive BCG or no vaccine within the first few days of life. Stool samples were collected at 1 week of age from 335 neonates and analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and functional analyses. Results: The composition of the intestinal microbiome was different between neonates born by cesarean section (CS) and those born vaginally. Differences in the composition between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were only minimal. CS-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis compared with CS-born BCG-naïve neonates. The latter had a higher abundance of Streptococcus infantis and Trabulsiella guamensis . Vaginally-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Clostridiaceae and Streptococcus parasanguinis compared with vaginally-born BCG-naïve neonates, and a lower abundance of Veillonella atypica and Butyricimonas faecalis. Metabolic pathways that were differently abundant between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were mainly those involved in sugar degradation and nucleotide/nucleoside biosynthesis. Conclusion: BCG given in the first few days of life has little effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age but does influence the abundance of certain metabolic pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; BCG Vaccine ; Cesarean Section ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Vaccination ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392481-6
ISSN	1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
ISSN (online)	1532-0987
ISSN	0891-3668
DOI	10.1097/INF.0000000000004223
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Article: Metagenomics analysis of the neonatal intestinal resistome.

Leo, Stefano / Cetiner, Omer F / Pittet, Laure F / Messina, Nicole L / Jakob, William / Falquet, Laurent / Curtis, Nigel / Zimmermann, Petra

Frontiers in pediatrics

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1169651

Abstract: Introduction: The intestinal microbiome forms a major reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Little is known about the neonatal intestinal resistome.: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal resistome and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The intestinal microbiome forms a major reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Little is known about the neonatal intestinal resistome. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal resistome and factors that influence the abundance of ARGs in a large cohort of neonates. Methods: Shotgun metagenomics was used to analyse the resistome in stool samples collected at 1 week of age from 390 healthy, term-born neonates who did not receive antibiotics. Results: Overall, 913 ARGs belonging to 27 classes were identified. The most abundant ARGs were those conferring resistance to tetracyclines, quaternary ammonium compounds, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B. Phylogenetic composition was strongly associated with the resistome composition. Other factors that were associated with the abundance of ARGs were delivery mode, gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and antibiotics in the last trimester of pregnancy. Sex, ethnicity, probiotic use during pregnancy, and intrapartum antibiotics had little effect on the abundance of ARGs. Conclusion: Even in the absence of direct antibiotic exposure, the neonatal intestine harbours a high abundance and a variety of ARGs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2023.1169651
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Article ; Online: The impact of human single nucleotide polymorphisms on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin responses.

Messina, Nicole L / Netea, Mihai G / Curtis, Nigel

Vaccine

2020 Volume 38, Issue 40, Page(s) 6224–6235

Abstract: The influence of genetic variability on human immune responses has major implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is given globally to protect against ... ...

Abstract	The influence of genetic variability on human immune responses has major implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is given globally to protect against tuberculosis, has high variability in its protective efficacy against mycobacteria and its beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are major cause of genetic variation and have been strongly associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis and outcomes following BCG immunotherapy for cancer. This review discusses the contribution of SNPs to the variability in mycobacterial-specific and off-target BCG responses, and the implications for this on development of novel TB vaccines and strategies to harness the beneficial off-target effects of BCG.
MeSH term(s)	BCG Vaccine ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; Tuberculosis Vaccines
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine ; Tuberculosis Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.032
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Article ; Online: The role of antibodies in Bacille Calmette Guérin-mediated immune responses and protection against tuberculosis in humans: A systematic review.

Bright, Matthew R / Curtis, Nigel / Messina, Nicole L

Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2020 Volume 131, Page(s) 101947

Abstract: Background: The mechanisms underlying Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine's protective effects against tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood but are proposed to involve a predominantly cell-mediated process. However, there is increasing ... ...

Abstract	Background: The mechanisms underlying Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine's protective effects against tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood but are proposed to involve a predominantly cell-mediated process. However, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of antibodies in the control of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and in the immune response to BCG. Methods: We did a systematic review of studies investigating anti-BCG antibodies in individuals with active or latent TB, and in the response to BCG vaccination. Results: Of 1417 articles screened, 70 were relevant, comprising 52 investigating anti-BCG antibodies in TB and 18 investigating the anti-BCG antibody response to BCG-vaccination. Individuals with active TB have higher levels of anti-BCG antibodies compared with individuals with latent TB or healthy individuals. Antibodies to BCG are present after BCG vaccination. There is some evidence for the in utero transfer of maternal anti-BCG antibodies to infants. Conclusions: BCG vaccination induces a humoral response. Antibodies targeted against BCG and its antigens may play a role in protection against active TB.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies/metabolism ; Antibodies/pharmacology ; BCG Vaccine/pharmacology ; BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunity/physiology ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Antibodies ; BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-09
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2046804-0
ISSN	1873-281X ; 1472-9792
ISSN (online)	1873-281X
ISSN	1472-9792
DOI	10.1016/j.tube.2020.101947
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Article: The impact of human single nucleotide polymorphisms on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin responses

Messina, Nicole L / Netea, Mihai G / Curtis, Nigel

Vaccine. 2020 Sept. 11, v. 38, no. 40

2020

Abstract	The influence of genetic variability on human immune responses has major implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is given globally to protect against tuberculosis, has high variability in its protective efficacy against mycobacteria and its beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are major cause of genetic variation and have been strongly associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis and outcomes following BCG immunotherapy for cancer. This review discusses the contribution of SNPs to the variability in mycobacterial-specific and off-target BCG responses, and the implications for this on development of novel TB vaccines and strategies to harness the beneficial off-target effects of BCG.
Keywords	Mycobacterium bovis BCG ; genetic variation ; humans ; immunotherapy ; tuberculosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0911
Size	p. 6224-6235.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.032
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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