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  1. Article ; Online: Reply: Assessing adherence to inhaled medication in difficult-to-treat asthma.

    McNicholl, Diarmuid M / Heaney, Liam G

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2013  Volume 188, Issue 10, Page(s) 1263–1264

    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Nitric Oxide/analysis
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.201306-1152LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Omalizumab: the evidence for its place in the treatment of allergic asthma.

    McNicholl, Diarmuid M / Heaney, Liam G

    Core evidence

    2010  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–66

    Abstract: Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways disease associated with reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma is prevalent worldwide and results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways disease associated with reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma is prevalent worldwide and results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, the majority of which arise from those with severe disease. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to immunoglobulin E (IgE) that has been developed for the treatment of severe persistent allergic (IgE mediated) asthma.
    Aims: The aim of this review is to evaluate the available clinical evidence on omalizumab to determine the role it has to play in the treatment of persistent allergic asthma.
    Evidence review: There is clear evidence to show that omalizumab is effective in reducing the rate of asthma exacerbations, inhaled corticosteroid dose, and the need for rescue medication in patients with allergic asthma. Clinical data indicate beneficial effects on patient-reported symptoms and perceived quality of life, as well as a reduction in unscheduled healthcare visits. There is little evidence to suggest omalizumab may enhance lung function or reduce the requirement for oral corticosteroids. Omalizumab has a favorable safety profile, although anaphylaxis has occurred. A study in children showed similar results to those achieved in adults and adolescents, with fewer asthma exacerbations and school days missed. Omalizumab may be cost effective in patients when used as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta(2) agonists (LABA).
    Place in therapy: Omalizumab is an effective add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs in adults and adolescents with severe persistent allergic asthma. Currently there is insufficient evidence to support the use of omalizumab in children.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07-21
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2520695-3
    ISSN 1555-175X ; 1555-175X
    ISSN (online) 1555-175X
    ISSN 1555-175X
    DOI 10.3355/ce.2008.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The safety of bisphosphonate use in pre-menopausal women on corticosteroids.

    McNicholl, Diarmuid M / Heaney, Liam G

    Current drug safety

    2009  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 182–187

    Abstract: Glucocorticoid therapy, the mainstay treatment of many chronic diseases, has many complications including osteoporosis. Pre-menopausal women requiring glucocorticoids are at a significant risk of developing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. ... ...

    Abstract Glucocorticoid therapy, the mainstay treatment of many chronic diseases, has many complications including osteoporosis. Pre-menopausal women requiring glucocorticoids are at a significant risk of developing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate therapy is a vital option in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Animal studies with bisphosphonates have displayed maternal toxicity, foetal underdevelopment, embryolethlity, hypocalcaemia and skeletal retardation during pregnancy. Bisphosphonates are therefore contra-indicated in pregnancy and have a FDA category C pregnancy risk. Their use in pre-menopausal women prior to conception may also pose a teratogenic risk because bisphosphonates remain in mineralised bone for several years. Consequently a clinical dilemma exists in treating and preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pre-menopausal women. This article aims to review the available evidence regarding the use of bisphosphonates in pre-menopausal woman. Bisphosphonate treatment of metastatic hypercalcaemia during pregnancy has not demonstrated adverse foetal events. Cases of pre-conception bisphosphonate exposure have failed to describe developmental or bone density abnormalities, however neonatal hypocalcaemia has occurred. Lower birth weight, lower gestational age at birth and higher rate of spontaneous abortion in mothers with pre-conception and first trimester bisphosphonate exposure have been described but notable confounding factors and lack of adequate sample size make extrapolation of this data difficult. Human pre-conception and first trimester bisphosphonate use has to date not been associated with the same adverse effects evident in animals however, larger well-controlled studies in premenopausal women with pre-conception and peri-natal bisphosphonate exposure are required to confirm the safe use throughout pregnancy to both mother and foetus.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects ; Animals ; Diphosphonates/adverse effects ; Diphosphonates/pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Humans ; Osteoporosis/chemically induced ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Premenopause/drug effects ; Premenopause/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Diphosphonates ; Glucocorticoids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-05-07
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2250840-5
    ISSN 2212-3911 ; 1574-8863
    ISSN (online) 2212-3911
    ISSN 1574-8863
    DOI 10.2174/157488610790936178
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Omalizumab

    Diarmuid M. McNicholl / Liam G. Heaney

    Core Evidence, Vol 2008, Iss Issue

    the evidence for its place in the treatment of allergic asthma

    2008  Volume 1

    Abstract: Diarmuid M. McNicholl, Liam G. HeaneyRegional Respiratory Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast ...

    Abstract Diarmuid M. McNicholl, Liam G. HeaneyRegional Respiratory Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UKIntroduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways disease associated with reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma is prevalent worldwide and results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, the majority of which arise from those with severe disease. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to immunoglobulin E (IgE) that has been developed for the treatment of severe persistent allergic (IgE mediated) asthma.Aims: The aim of this review is to evaluate the available clinical evidence on omalizumab to determine the role it has to play in the treatment of persistent allergic asthma.Evidence review: There is clear evidence to show that omalizumab is effective in reducing the rate of asthma exacerbations, inhaled corticosteroid dose, and the need for rescue medication in patients with allergic asthma. Clinical data indicate beneficial effects on patient-reported symptoms and perceived quality of life, as well as a reduction in unscheduled healthcare visits. There is little evidence to suggest omalizumab may enhance lung function or reduce the requirement for oral corticosteroids. Omalizumab has a favorable safety profile, although anaphylaxis has occurred. A study in children showed similar results to those achieved in adults and adolescents, with fewer asthma exacerbations and school days missed. Omalizumab may be cost effective in patients when used as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2 agonists (LABA).Place in therapy: Omalizumab is an effective add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs in adults and adolescents with severe persistent allergic asthma. Currently there is insufficient evidence to support the use of omalizumab in children. Key words: allergic asthma, omalizumab, immunoglobulin E, evidence
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; DOAJ:Therapeutics
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Dove Medical Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide suppression in the identification of nonadherence in difficult asthma.

    McNicholl, Diarmuid M / Stevenson, Michael / McGarvey, Lorcan P / Heaney, Liam G

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2012  Volume 186, Issue 11, Page(s) 1102–1108

    Abstract: Rationale: Nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) is a major contributor to poor control in difficult asthma, yet it is challenging to ascertain.: Objectives: Identify a test for nonadherence using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO) ...

    Abstract Rationale: Nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) is a major contributor to poor control in difficult asthma, yet it is challenging to ascertain.
    Objectives: Identify a test for nonadherence using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO)) suppression after directly observed inhaled corticosteroid (DOICS) treatment.
    Methods: Difficult asthma patients with an elevated Fe(NO) (>45 ppb) were recruited as adherent (ICS prescription filling >80%) or nonadherent (filling <50%). They received 7 days of DOICS (budesonide 1,600 μg) and a test for nonadherence based on changes in Fe(NO) was developed. Using this test, clinic patients were prospectively classified as adherent or nonadherent and this was then validated against prescription filling records, prednisolone assay, and concordance interview.
    Measurements and main results: After 7 days of DOICS nonadherent (n = 9) compared with adherent subjects (n = 13) had a greater reduction in Fe(NO) to 47 ± 21% versus 79 ± 26% of baseline measurement (P = 0.003), which was also evident after 5 days (P = 0.02) and a Fe(NO) test for nonadherence (area under the curve = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.00) was defined. Prospective validation in 40 subjects found the test identified 13 as nonadherent; eight confirmed nonadherence during interview (three of whom had excellent prescription filling but did not take medication), five denied nonadherence, two had poor inhaler technique (unintentional nonadherence), and one also denied nonadherence to prednisolone despite nonadherent blood level. Twenty-seven participants were adherent on testing, which was confirmed in 21. Five admitted poor ICS adherence but of these, four were adherent with oral steroids and one with omalizumab.
    Conclusions: Fe(NO) suppression after DOICS provides an objective test to distinguish adherent from nonadherent patients with difficult asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01219036).
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Inhalation ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Adult ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Breath Tests ; Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Exhalation/drug effects ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Patient Compliance ; Prednisolone/administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Severity of Illness Index ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Prednisolone (9PHQ9Y1OLM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.201204-0587OC
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in difficult asthma.

    McNicholl, Diarmuid M / Megarry, Jacqui / McGarvey, Lorcan P / Riley, Marshall S / Heaney, Liam G

    Chest

    2011  Volume 139, Issue 5, Page(s) 1117–1123

    Abstract: Background: Unexplained persistent breathlessness in patients with difficult asthma despite multiple treatments is a common clinical problem. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) may help identify the mechanism causing these symptoms, allowing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Unexplained persistent breathlessness in patients with difficult asthma despite multiple treatments is a common clinical problem. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) may help identify the mechanism causing these symptoms, allowing appropriate management.
    Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients attending a specialist-provided service for difficult asthma who proceeded to CPX as part of our evaluation protocol. Patient demographics, lung function, and use of health care and rescue medication were compared with those in patients with refractory asthma. Medication use 6 months following CPX was compared with treatment during CPX.
    Results: Of 302 sequential referrals, 39 patients underwent CPX. A single explanatory feature was identified in 30 patients and two features in nine patients: hyperventilation (n = 14), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (n = 8), submaximal test (n = 8), normal test (n = 8), ventilatory limitation (n = 7), deconditioning (n = 2), cardiac ischemia (n = 1). Compared with patients with refractory asthma, patients without "pulmonary limitation" on CPX were prescribed similar doses of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (median, 1,300 μg [interquartile range (IQR), 800-2,000 μg] vs 1,800 μg [IQR, 1,000-2,000 μg]) and rescue oral steroid courses in the previous year (median, 5 [1-6] vs 5 [1-6]). In this group 6 months post-CPX, ICS doses were reduced (median, 1,300 μg [IQR, 800-2,000 μg] to 800 μg [IQR, 400-1,000 μg]; P < .001) and additional medication treatment was withdrawn (n = 7). Patients with pulmonary limitation had unchanged ICS doses post CPX and additional therapies were introduced.
    Conclusions: In difficult asthma, CPX can confirm that persistent exertional breathlessness is due to asthma but can also identify other contributing factors. Patients with nonpulmonary limitation are prescribed inappropriately high doses of steroid therapy, and CPX can identify the primary mechanism of breathlessness, facilitating steroid reduction.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1032552-9
    ISSN 1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
    ISSN (online) 1931-3543
    ISSN 0012-3692
    DOI 10.1378/chest.10-2321
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Children must be protected from the tobacco industry's marketing tactics.

    Hopkinson, Nicholas / Wallis, Colin / Higgins, Bernard / Gaduzo, Stephen / Sherrington, Rebecca / Keilty, Sarah / Stern, Myra / Britton, John / Bush, Andrew / Moxham, John / Sylvester, Karl / Griffiths, Valerie / Sutherland, Tim / Crossingham, Iain / Raju, Raghu / Spencer, Charlotte / Safavi, Shahideh / Deegan, Paul / Seymour, John /
    Hickman, Katherine / Hughes, John / Wieboldt, Jason / Shaheen, Fizah / Peedell, Clive / Mackenzie, Nesta / Nicholl, David / Jolley, Caroline / Crooks, Gillian / Dow, Claire / Deveson, Pete / Bintcliffe, Oliver / Gray, Barry / Kumar, Sanjay / Haney, Sarah / Docherty, Marianne / Thomas, Angela / Chua, Felix / Dwarakanath, Akshay / Summers, Geoffrey / Prowse, Keith / Lytton, Stephen / Ong, Yee Ean / Graves, Jennifer / Banerjee, Tushar / English, Peter / Leonard, Andrew / Brunet, Martin / Chaudhry, Nauman / Ketchell, Robert Ian / Cummings, Natalie / Lebus, Jenny / Sharp, Charles / Meadows, Chris / Harle, Amelie / Stewart, Tara / Parry, Diane / Templeton-Wright, Suzanne / Moore-Gillon, John / Stratford- Martin, James / Saini, Sarvesh / Matusiewicz, Simon / Merritt, Simon / Dowson, Lee / Satkunam, Karnan / Hodgson, Luke / Suh, Eui-Sik / Durrington, Hannah / Browne, Emma / Walters, Nicola / Steier, Joerg / Barry, Simon / Griffiths, Mark / Hart, Nicholas / Nikolic, Marko / Berry, Matthew / Thomas, Ajit / Miller, Joy / McNicholl, Diarmuid / Marsden, Paul / Warwick, Geoffrey / Barr, Laura / Adeboyeku, David / Mohd Noh, Mohd Shahrin / Griffiths, Paul / Davies, Lisa / Quint, Jennifer / Lyall, Rebecca / Shribman, Jonathan / Collins, Andrea / Goldman, Jon / Bloch, Susannah / Gill, Alison / Man, William / Christopher, Anne / Yasso, Razouqi / Rajhan, Ashwin / Shrikrishna, Dinesh / Moore, Caroline / Absalom, Gareth / Booton, Richard / Fowler, Robert William / Mackinlay, Carolyn / Sapey, Elizabeth / Lock, Sara / Walker, Paul / Jha, Akhilesh / Satia, Imran / Bradley, Bethia / Mustfa, Naveed / Haqqee, Raana / Thomas, Matt / Patel, Anant / Redington, Anthony / Pillai, Anilkumar / Keaney, Niall / Fowler, Stephen / Lowe, Lesley / Brennan, Amanda / Morrison, Douglas / Murray, Clare / Hankinson, Jenny / Dutta, P / Maddocks, Matthew / Pengo, Martino / Curtis, Katrina / Rafferty, Gerrard / Hutchinson, John / Whitfield, Ruth / Turner, Steve / Breen, Ronan / Naveed, Shams-un-nisa / Goode, Chris / Esterbrook, Georgina / Ahmed, Liju / Walker, Woolf / Ford, David / Connett, Gary / Davidson, Philip / Elston, Will / Stanton, Andrew / Morgan, David / Myerson, James / Maxwell, David / Harrris, Ann / Parmar, Sonia / Houghton, Catherine / Winter, Robert / Puthucheary, Zudin / Thomson, Fiona / Sturney, Sharon / Harvey, John / Haslam, Patricia L / Patel, Irem / Jennings, David / Range, Simon / Mallia-Milanes, Brendan / Collett, Anne / Tate, Paul / Russell, Richard / Feary, Johanna / O'Driscoll, Ronan / Eaden, James / Round, Jonathan / Sharkey, Emma / Montgomery, Mary / Vaughan, Sophie / Scheele, Kate / Lithgow, Anna / Partridge, Samuel / Chavasse, Richard / Restrick, Louise / Agrawal, Sanjay / Abdallah, Said / Lacy-Colson, Amruta / Adams, Nick / Mitchell, Sally / Haja Mydin, Helmy / Ward, Ann / Denniston, Sarah / Steel, Mark / Ghosh, Dipansu / Connellan, Stephen / Rigge, Lucy / Williams, Ruth / Grove, Alison / Anwar, Sadia / Dobson, Lee / Hosker, Harold / Stableforth, David / Greening, Neil / Howell, Tim / Casswell, Georgina / Davies, Sarah / Tunnicliffe, Georgia / Mitchelmore, Philip / Phitidis, Elpida / Robinson, Louise / Bafadhel, Mona / Robinson, Grace / Boland, Alison / Lipman, Marc / Bourke, Stephen / Kaul, Sundeep / Cowie, Calvin / Forrest, Ian / Starren, Elizabeth / Burke, Hannah / Furness, John / Bhowmik, Angshu / Everett, Caroline / Seaton, Douglas / Holmes, Steve / Doe, Simon / Parker, Samuel / Graham, Annika / Paterson, Ian / Maqsood, Usman / Ohri, Chandra / Iles, Peter / Kemp, Samuel / Iftikhar, Ahsan / Carlin, Chris / Fletcher, Tim / Emerson, Peter / Beasley, Victoria / Ramsay, Michelle / Buttery, Robert / Mungall, Sarah / Crooks, Stephen / Ridyard, John / Ross, David / Guadagno, Alison / Holden, Emma / Coutts, Ian / Cullen, Kathy / O'Connor, Sally / Barker, Jack / Sloper, Katherine / Watson, John / Smith, Peter / Anderson, Paul / Brown, Louise / Nyman, Cyril / Milburn, Heather / Clive, Amelia / Serlin, Matthew / Bolton, Charlotte / Fuld, Jonathan / Powell, Helen / Dayer, Mark / Woolhouse, Ian / Georgiadi, Adamantia / Leonard, Helen / Dodd, James / Campbell, Ian / Ruiz, Gary / Zurek, Andrew / Paton, James Y / Malin, Adam / Wood, Fraser / Hynes, Gareth / Connell, David / Spencer, David / Brown, Sarah / Smith, David / Cooper, David / O'Kane, Cecilia / Hicks, Alex / Creagh-Brown, Ben / Lordan, James / Nickol, Annabel / Primhak, Robert / Fleming, Louise / Powrie, Duncan / Brown, Joanna / Zoumot, Zaid / Elkin, Sarah / Szram, Joanna / Scaffardi, Anthony / Marshall, Robert / Macdonald, Ian / Lightbody, Darren / Farmer, Ray / Wheatley, Iain / Radnan, Paul / Lane, Ian / Booth, Andrew / Tilbrook, Sean / Capstick, Toby / Hewitt, Lee / McHugh, Martin / Nelson, Christopher / Wilson, Patrick / Padmanaban, Vijay / White, John / Davison, John / O'Callaghan, Una / Hodson, Matthew / Edwards, John / Campbell, Colin / Ward, Simon / Wooler, Edwina / Ringrose, Elizabeth / Bridges, Diana / Matthew Hodson / John Edwards / Colin Campbell / Simon Ward / Edwina Wooler / Elizabeth Ringrose / Diana Bridges / Rosalind Backham / Kim Randall / Tracey Mathieson / Long, Alex / Parkes, Marilyn / Clarke, Sarah / Allen, Bev / Connelly, Carol / Forster, Georgia / Hoadley, Jacky / Martin, Katharine / Barnham, Kate / Khan, Katie / Munday, Maureen / Edwards, Catherine / O'Hara, Doreen / Turner, Sally / Pieri-Davies, Sue / Ford, Kate / Daniels, Tracey / Wright, Joanne / Towns, Rebecca / Fern, Karen / Butcher, Jane / Burgin, Karen / Winter, Barbara / Freeman, Debbie / Olive, Sandra / Gray, Linda / Pye, Kathy / Roots, Debbie / Cox, Nicola / Davies, Carol-Anne / Wicker, Jacquelyne / Hilton, Kay / Lloyd, Jananee / MacBean, Vicky / Wood, Marion / Kowal, Julia / Downs, Janis / Ryan, Helen / Guyatt, Fran / Nicoll, Debby / Lyons, Elizabeth / Narasimhan, Divya / Rodman, Anne / Walmsley, Sandy / Newey, Alison / Buxton, Maria / Dewar, Maria / Cooper, Angela / Reilly, Jacqui / Lloyd, Julie / Macmillan, Alison Bennett / Olley, Amy / Voase, Nia / Martin, Sarah / McCarvill, Iona / Christensen, Anne / Agate, Rowan / Heslop, Karen / Timlett, Amber / Hailes, Karen / Davey, Claire / Pawulska, Barbara / Lane, Amber / Ioakim, Shona / Hough, Alexandra / Treharne, Jo / Jones, Helen / Winter-Burke, Alice / Miller, Lauren / Connolly, Bronwen / Bingham, Lyn / Fraser, Una / Bott, Julia / Johnston, Carol / Graham, Alison / Curry, Denise / Sumner, Helen / Costello, Carol Ann / Bartoszewicz, Charlotte / Badman, Ros / Williamson, Kathryn / Taylor, Amy / Purcell, Helen / Barnett, Emma / Molloy, Alanna / Crawfurd, Laura / Collins, Nicola / Monaghan, Valerie / Mir, Misbah / Lord, Victoria / Stocks, Janet / Edwards, Adrian / Greenhalgh, Trish / Lenney, Warren / McKee, Martin / McAuley, Danny / Majeed, Azeem / Cookson, John / Baker, Emma / Janes, Sam / Wedzicha, Wisia / Lomas Dean, David / Harrison, Brian / Davison, Tony / Calverley, Peter / Wilson, Robert / Stockley, Robert / Ayres, Jon / Gibson, John / Simpson, John / Burge, Sherwood / Warner, John / Thomson, Neil / Davies, Peter / Woodcock, Ashley / Woodhead, Mark / Spiro, Stephen / Ormerod, Lawrence / Bothamley, Graham / Partridge, Martyn / Shields, Michael / Montgomery, Hugh / Simonds, Anita / Barnes, Peter / Durham, Stephen / Malone, Sarah / Arabnia, Gilda / Olivier, Sharon / Gardiner, Karen / Edwards, Sheila

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2013  Volume 347, Page(s) f7358

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Marketing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Marketing/standards ; Product Packaging/legislation & jurisprudence ; Product Packaging/standards ; Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco Industry/standards ; Tobacco Products ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.f7358
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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