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  1. Article ; Online: Should we stop referring to the pandemic of antimicrobial resistance as silent?

    Sirota, Miroslav

    JAC-antimicrobial resistance

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) dlae018

    Abstract: Background: Referring to the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis as a 'silent' pandemic has gained popularity, but there are mixed views on whether such a phrase should be used in public health communication. Some researchers have argued that using ... ...

    Abstract Background: Referring to the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis as a 'silent' pandemic has gained popularity, but there are mixed views on whether such a phrase should be used in public health communication. Some researchers have argued that using the term 'silent pandemic' may lower the perceived threat and hinder mobilization efforts to tackle the problem.
    Objectives: I investigated the impact of the phrase 'silent pandemic' on perceived threat levels and mobilization intentions.
    Methods: In three experiments (
    Results: In Experiments 1 and 2, referring to the pandemic as silent did not significantly affect the perceived threat (Cohen's
    Conclusions: Describing the pandemic as 'silent' yielded no measurable effects on perceived threat and mobilization intentions but it showed depreciating effects when accompanied by its intended meaning. Taken together, it is advisable to avoid the term.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-1823
    ISSN (online) 2632-1823
    DOI 10.1093/jacamr/dlae018
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  2. Article ; Online: When a thinker does not want to think: Adding meta-control into the working model.

    Sirota, Miroslav

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2023  Volume 46, Page(s) e141

    Abstract: De Neys proposes an elegant solution to several theoretical problems of the dual-process theories but underspecifies the role of motivation in initiating, intensifying, and ceasing deliberation. Therefore, I suggest including a meta-cognitive control ... ...

    Abstract De Neys proposes an elegant solution to several theoretical problems of the dual-process theories but underspecifies the role of motivation in initiating, intensifying, and ceasing deliberation. Therefore, I suggest including a meta-cognitive control component in the working model that can moderate deliberation, for instance by affecting the deliberation threshold.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Motivation ; Metacognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X22003181
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    Zs.A 1470: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: When intuitive Bayesians need to be good readers: The problem-wording effect on Bayesian reasoning.

    Sirota, Miroslav / Navarrete, Gorka / Juanchich, Marie

    Cognition

    2024  Volume 245, Page(s) 105722

    Abstract: Are humans intuitive Bayesians? It depends. People seem to be Bayesians when updating probabilities from experience but not when acquiring probabilities from descriptions (i.e., Bayesian textbook problems). Decades of research on textbook problems have ... ...

    Abstract Are humans intuitive Bayesians? It depends. People seem to be Bayesians when updating probabilities from experience but not when acquiring probabilities from descriptions (i.e., Bayesian textbook problems). Decades of research on textbook problems have focused on how the format of the statistical information (e.g., the natural frequency effect) affects such reasoning. However, it pays much less attention to the wording of these problems. Mathematical problem-solving literature indicates that wording is critical for performance. Wording effects (the wording varied across the problems and manipulations) can also have far-reaching consequences. These may have confounded between-format comparisons and moderated within-format variability in prior research. Therefore, across seven experiments (N = 4909), we investigated the impact of the wording of medical screening problems and statistical formats on Bayesian reasoning in a general adult population. Participants generated more Bayesian answers with natural frequencies than with single-event probabilities, but only with the improved wording. The improved wording of the natural frequencies consistently led to more Bayesian answers than the natural frequencies with standard wording. The improved wording effect occurred mainly due to a more efficient description of the statistical information-cueing required mathematical operations, an unambiguous association of numbers with their reference class and verbal simplification. The wording effect extends the current theoretical explanations of Bayesian reasoning and bears methodological and practical implications. Ultimately, even intuitive Bayesians must be good readers when solving Bayesian textbook problems.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Problem Solving ; Probability ; Intuition ; Mathematics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105722
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  4. Article ; Online: People prefer to predict middle, most likely quantitative outcomes (not extreme ones), but they still over-estimate their likelihood.

    Juanchich, Marie / Sirota, Miroslav / Halvor Teigen, Karl

    Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)

    2023  Volume 76, Issue 11, Page(s) 2629–2649

    Abstract: Past work showed a tendency to associate verbal probabilities (e.g., ...

    Abstract Past work showed a tendency to associate verbal probabilities (e.g.,
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Probability
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219170-2
    ISSN 1747-0226 ; 0033-555X ; 1747-0218
    ISSN (online) 1747-0226
    ISSN 0033-555X ; 1747-0218
    DOI 10.1177/17470218231153394
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    Zs.B 1109: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Tell Us What You Really Think: A Think Aloud Protocol Analysis of the Verbal Cognitive Reflection Test.

    Byrd, Nick / Joseph, Brianna / Gongora, Gabriela / Sirota, Miroslav

    Journal of Intelligence

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: The standard interpretation of cognitive reflection tests assumes that correct responses are reflective and lured responses are unreflective. However, prior process-tracing ... ...

    Abstract The standard interpretation of cognitive reflection tests assumes that correct responses are reflective and lured responses are unreflective. However, prior process-tracing of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2721035-2
    ISSN 2079-3200 ; 2079-3200
    ISSN (online) 2079-3200
    ISSN 2079-3200
    DOI 10.3390/jintelligence11040076
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  6. Article ; Online: Rationally irrational: When people do not correct their reasoning errors even if they could.

    Sirota, Miroslav / Juanchich, Marie / Holford, Dawn L

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 7, Page(s) 2052–2073

    Abstract: Why is it that sometimes people do not correct their reasoning errors? The dominating dual-process theories of reasoning detail how people (fail to) detect their reasoning errors but underspecify how people decide to correct these errors once they are ... ...

    Abstract Why is it that sometimes people do not correct their reasoning errors? The dominating dual-process theories of reasoning detail how people (fail to) detect their reasoning errors but underspecify how people decide to correct these errors once they are detected. We have unpacked the motivational aspects of the correction process here, leveraging the research on cognitive control. Specifically, we argue that when people detect an error, they decide whether or not to correct it based on the overall expected value associated with the correction-combining perceived efficacy and the reward associated with the correction while considering the cost of effort. Using a modified two-response paradigm, participants solved cognitive reflection problems twice while we manipulated the factors defining the expected value associated with correction at the second stage. In five experiments (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Problem Solving ; Probability ; Motivation ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001375
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    Zs.A 2255: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  7. Article ; Online: How Should Doctors Frame the Risk of a Vaccine's Adverse Side Effects? It Depends on How Trustworthy They Are.

    Juanchich, Marie / Sirota, Miroslav / Holford, Dawn Liu

    Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 835–849

    Abstract: Background: How health workers frame their communication about vaccines' probability of adverse side effects could play an important role in people's intentions to be vaccinated (e.g., positive frame: side effects are : Design: In 4 online ... ...

    Abstract Background: How health workers frame their communication about vaccines' probability of adverse side effects could play an important role in people's intentions to be vaccinated (e.g., positive frame: side effects are
    Design: In 4 online experiments (
    Results: Physicians who were trustworthy (v. untrustworthy) consistently led to an increase in vaccination intention, but the way they described adverse side effects mattered too. A positive framing of the risks given by a trustworthy physician consistently led to increased vaccination intention relative to a negative framing, but framing had no effect or the opposite effect when given by an untrustworthy physician. The exception to this trend occurred in unvaccinated individuals in experiment 3, following serious concerns about one of the COVID vaccines. In that study, unvaccinated participants responded more favorably to the negative framing of the trustworthy physician.
    Conclusions: Trusted sources should use positive framing to foster vaccination acceptance. However, in a situation of heightened fears, a negative framing-attracting more attention to the risks-might be more effective.
    Highlights: How health workers frame their communication about a vaccine's probability of adverse side effects plays an important role in people's intentions to be vaccinated.In 4 experiments, we manipulated the trustworthiness of a physician and how the physician framed the risk of adverse side effects of a COVID vaccine.Positive framing given by a trustworthy physician promoted vaccination intention but had null effect or did backfire when given by an untrustworthy physician.The effect occurred over and above participants' attitude toward the health care system, risk perceptions, and beliefs in COVID misinformation.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Communication ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Intention ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Physicians ; Vaccination/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604497-9
    ISSN 1552-681X ; 0272-989X
    ISSN (online) 1552-681X
    ISSN 0272-989X
    DOI 10.1177/0272989X231197646
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    Zs.A 1665: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Ambiguity and unintended inferences about risk messages for COVID-19.

    Holford, Dawn Liu / Juanchich, Marie / Sirota, Miroslav

    Journal of experimental psychology. Applied

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 486–508

    Abstract: The World Health Organization established that the risk of suffering severe symptoms from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is higher for some groups, but this does not mean their chances of infection are higher. However, public health messages often ... ...

    Abstract The World Health Organization established that the risk of suffering severe symptoms from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is higher for some groups, but this does not mean their chances of infection are higher. However, public health messages often highlight the "increased risk" for these groups such that the risk could be interpreted as being about contracting an infection rather than suffering severe symptoms from the illness (as intended). Stressing the risk for vulnerable groups may also prompt inferences that individuals not highlighted in the message have lower risk than previously believed. In five studies, we investigated how U.K. residents interpreted such risk messages about COVID-19 (
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2103149-6
    ISSN 1939-2192 ; 1076-898X
    ISSN (online) 1939-2192
    ISSN 1076-898X
    DOI 10.1037/xap0000416
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  9. Article: Are COVID-19 conspiracies a threat to public health? Psychological characteristics and health protective behaviours of believers.

    Juanchich, Marie / Sirota, Miroslav / Jolles, Daniel / Whiley, Lilith A

    European journal of social psychology

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 969–989

    Abstract: We tested the link between COVID-19 conspiracy theories and health protective behaviours in three studies: one at the onset of the pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK), a second just before the first national lockdown, and a third during that lockdown ( ...

    Abstract We tested the link between COVID-19 conspiracy theories and health protective behaviours in three studies: one at the onset of the pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK), a second just before the first national lockdown, and a third during that lockdown (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1500442-9
    ISSN 1099-0992 ; 0046-2772
    ISSN (online) 1099-0992
    ISSN 0046-2772
    DOI 10.1002/ejsp.2796
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of information on reducing inappropriate expectations and requests for antibiotics.

    Thorpe, Alistair / Sirota, Miroslav / Orbell, Sheina / Juanchich, Marie

    British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)

    2021  Volume 112, Issue 3, Page(s) 804–827

    Abstract: People often expect antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate (e.g., for viral infections). This contributes significantly to physicians' decisions to prescribe antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate, causing harm to the individual ... ...

    Abstract People often expect antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate (e.g., for viral infections). This contributes significantly to physicians' decisions to prescribe antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate, causing harm to the individual and to society. In two pre-registered studies employing UK general population samples (n
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 220659-6
    ISSN 2044-8295
    ISSN (online) 2044-8295
    DOI 10.1111/bjop.12494
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