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Article ; Online: On the Environmental Determinants of COVID-19 Seasonality.

Choi, Yeon-Woo / Tuel, Alexandre / Eltahir, Elfatih A B

GeoHealth

2021 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) e2021GH000413

Abstract: Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs), such as influenza and COVID-19, are thought to spread faster during winter than during summer. It has been previously argued that cold and dry conditions are more conducive to the transmission of VRDs than warm and ... ...

Abstract	Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs), such as influenza and COVID-19, are thought to spread faster during winter than during summer. It has been previously argued that cold and dry conditions are more conducive to the transmission of VRDs than warm and humid climates, although this relationship appears restricted to temperate regions and the causal relationship is not well understood. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19 has emerged as a serious global public health problem after the first COVID-19 reports in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It is still unclear whether this novel respiratory disease will ultimately prove to be a seasonal endemic disease. Here, we suggest that air drying capacity (ADC; an atmospheric state variable that controls the fate/evolution of the virus-laden droplets) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) are probable environmental determinants in shaping the transmission of COVID-19 at the seasonal time scale. These variables, unlike temperature and humidity, provide a physically based framework consistent with the apparent seasonal variability in COVID-19 and prevalent across a broad range of climates (e.g., Germany and India). Since this disease is known to be influenced by the compounding effect of social, biological, and environmental determinants, this study does not claim that these environmental determinants exclusively shape the seasonality of COVID-19. However, we argue that ADC and UV play a significant role in COVID-19 dynamics at the seasonal scale. These findings could help guide the development of a sound adaptation strategy against the pandemic over the coming seasons.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2021GH000413
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Classification of Distraction Levels Using Hybrid Deep Neural Networks From EEG Signals

Lee, Dae-Hyeok / Kim, Sung-Jin / Choi, Yeon-Woo

2022

Abstract: Non-invasive brain-computer interface technology has been developed for detecting human mental states with high performances. Detection of the pilots' mental states is particularly critical because their abnormal mental states could cause catastrophic ... ...

Abstract	Non-invasive brain-computer interface technology has been developed for detecting human mental states with high performances. Detection of the pilots' mental states is particularly critical because their abnormal mental states could cause catastrophic accidents. In this study, we presented the feasibility of classifying distraction levels (namely, normal state, low distraction, and high distraction) by applying the deep learning method. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to classify distraction levels under a flight environment. We proposed a model for classifying distraction levels. A total of ten pilots conducted the experiment in a simulated flight environment. The grand-average accuracy was 0.8437 for classifying distraction levels across all subjects. Hence, we believe that it will contribute significantly to autonomous driving or flight based on artificial intelligence technology in the future. Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Keywords	Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: CropCat

Kim, Sung-Jin / Lee, Dae-Hyeok / Choi, Yeon-Woo

Data Augmentation for Smoothing the Feature Distribution of EEG Signals

2022

Abstract: Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system between humans and computers reflecting human intention without using a physical control device. Since deep learning is robust in extracting features from data, research on decoding ... ...

Abstract	Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system between humans and computers reflecting human intention without using a physical control device. Since deep learning is robust in extracting features from data, research on decoding electroencephalograms by applying deep learning has progressed in the BCI domain. However, the application of deep learning in the BCI domain has issues with a lack of data and overconfidence. To solve these issues, we proposed a novel data augmentation method, CropCat. CropCat consists of two versions, CropCat-spatial and CropCat-temporal. We designed our method by concatenating the cropped data after cropping the data, which have different labels in spatial and temporal axes. In addition, we adjusted the label based on the ratio of cropped length. As a result, the generated data from our proposed method assisted in revising the ambiguous decision boundary into apparent caused by a lack of data. Due to the effectiveness of the proposed method, the performance of the four EEG signal decoding models is improved in two motor imagery public datasets compared to when the proposed method is not applied. Hence, we demonstrate that generated data by CropCat smooths the feature distribution of EEG signals when training the model. Comment: 4 pages, 1 table
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Extreme storms in Southwest Asia (Northern Arabian Peninsula) under current and future climates

Tuel, Alexandre / Choi, Yeon-Woo / AlRukaibi, Duaij / Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.

Climate dynamics. 2022 Mar., v. 58, no. 5-6

2022

Abstract: Precipitation extremes will generally intensify in response to a warming climate. This robust fingerprint of climate change is of particular concern, resulting in heavy rainfall and devastating floods. Often this intensification is explained as a ... ...

Abstract	Precipitation extremes will generally intensify in response to a warming climate. This robust fingerprint of climate change is of particular concern, resulting in heavy rainfall and devastating floods. Often this intensification is explained as a consequence of the Clausius–Clapeyron law in a warmer world, under constant relative humidity. Here, based on an ensemble of CMIP5 global climate models and high-resolution regional climate simulations, we take the example of Southwest Asia, where extreme storms will intensify beyond the Clausius- Clapeyron scaling, and propose an additional novel mechanism for this region: the unique increase in atmospheric relative humidity over the Arabian Sea and associated deep northward penetration of moisture. This increase in humidity is dictated by changes in circulation over the Indian Ocean. Our proposed mechanism is consistent with the recent, most extreme storm ever observed in the region. Our findings advance a new understanding of natural climate variability in this region, with substantial implications for climate change adaptation of the region’s critical infrastructure.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; dynamics ; infrastructure ; rain ; relative humidity ; storms ; Arabian Sea ; Indian Ocean ; West Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 1509-1524.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-021-05975-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: T7 phage display reveals NOLC1 as a GM3 binding partner in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Choi, Hyunju / Kim, Hee-Do / Choi, Yeon-Woo / Lim, Hakseong / Kim, Kyung-Woon / Kim, Kyoung-Sook / Lee, Young-Choon / Kim, Cheorl-Ho

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

2023 Volume 750, Page(s) 109810

Abstract: Ganglioside GM3 is a simple monosialoganglioside (NeuAc-Gal-Glc-ceramide) that modulates cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Previously, we reported isolation of GM3-binding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and transforming ... ...

Abstract	Ganglioside GM3 is a simple monosialoganglioside (NeuAc-Gal-Glc-ceramide) that modulates cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Previously, we reported isolation of GM3-binding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-β receptor by the T7 phage display method (Chung et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2013). To further identify novel proteins interacting with GM3, we extended the T7 phage display method in this study. After T7 phage display biopanning combined with immobilized biotin-labeled 3'-sialyllactose prepared on a streptavidin-coated microplate, we isolated 100 candidate sequences from the human lung cDNA library. The most frequently detected clones from the blast analysis were the human nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) sequences. We initially identified NOLC1 as a molecule that possibly binds to GM3 and confirmed this binding ability using the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. Herein, we report another GM3-interacting protein, NOLC1, that can be isolated by the T7 phage display method. These results are expected to be helpful for elucidating the functional roles of ganglioside GM3 with NOLC1. When human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were examined for subcellular localization of NOLC1, immunofluorescence of NOLC1 was observed in the intracellular region. In addition, NOLC1 expression was increased in the nucleolus after treatment with the anticancer drug doxorubicin. GM3 and NOLC1 levels in the doxorubicin-treated MCF-7 cells were correlated, indicating possible associations between GM3 and NOLC1. Therefore, direct interactions between carbohydrates and cellular proteins can pave the path for new signaling phenomena in biology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Bacteriophage T7/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; G(M3) Ganglioside ; MCF-7 Cells ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Doxorubicin ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins
Chemical Substances	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; G(M3) Ganglioside ; Doxorubicin (80168379AG) ; NOLC1 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	523-x
ISSN	1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
ISSN (online)	1096-0384
ISSN	0003-9861
DOI	10.1016/j.abb.2023.109810
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Article ; Online: Flavor characteristics of garlic fish cakes using electronic nose and tongue analyses.

Choi, Hae-Yeon / Woo, Hye-Eun / Go, Eun-Seong / Kim, Jin-Seong / Choi, Jin-Hee

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6048

Abstract: This study investigated the utility of garlic powder as a functional ingredient. The aim was to develop fish cakes with improved functionality and sensory preference based on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics. Increasing amounts of ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the utility of garlic powder as a functional ingredient. The aim was to develop fish cakes with improved functionality and sensory preference based on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics. Increasing amounts of garlic powder in the prepared fish cakes were associated with increasing total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Garlic/chemistry ; Electronic Nose ; Powders ; Polyphenols ; Biological Products
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Powders ; Polyphenols ; Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-55341-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: On the Environmental Determinants of COVID-19 Seasonality

Choi, Yeon-Woo / Tuel, Alexandre / Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.

medRxiv

Abstract: Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs), such as influenza and COVID-19, are thought to spread faster over winter than during summer. It has been previously argued that cold and dry conditions were more conducive to the transmission of VRD than warm and humid ... ...

Abstract	Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs), such as influenza and COVID-19, are thought to spread faster over winter than during summer. It has been previously argued that cold and dry conditions were more conducive to the transmission of VRD than warm and humid climates, although this relationship appears restricted to temperate regions, and the causal relationship is not well understood. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has emerged as a serious global public health problem after the first COVID-19 reports in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It is still unclear whether this novel respiratory disease will ultimately prove to be a seasonal endemic disease. Here, we suggest that Air Drying Capacity (ADC; an atmospheric state-variable known to control the fate/evolution of the virus-laden droplets) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) are probable environmental determinants in shaping the transmission of COVID-19 at the seasonal time scale. These variables, unlike temperature and humidity, provide a physically-based framework consistent with the apparent seasonal variability in COVID-19 prevalence across a broad range of climates (e.g., Germany and India). Since this disease is known to be influenced by the compounding effect of social, biological, and environmental determinants, this study does not claim that these environmental determinants exclusively shape the seasonality of COVID-19. However, we argue that ADC and UV play a significant role in COVID-19 dynamics at the seasonal scale. These findings could help guide the development of a sound adaptation strategy against the pandemic over the coming seasons.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-03
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.03.01.21252243
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Role of Heterogeneous Transmission in the Decline of COVID-19 Cases During Winter of 2020/2021 in Massachusetts

Choi, Yeon-Woo / Castro, Marcia C. / Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.

medRxiv

Abstract: Importance: Heterogeneity in transmission of COVID-19 is a significant multiscale phenomenon. However, the role of this heterogeneity in shaping the overall dynamics of disease transmission is not well understood. Objective: To investigate the role of ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Heterogeneity in transmission of COVID-19 is a significant multiscale phenomenon. However, the role of this heterogeneity in shaping the overall dynamics of disease transmission is not well understood. Objective: To investigate the role of heterogeneous transmission among different towns in Massachusetts in shaping the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, especially the recent decline during winter of 2020/2021. Design, Setting, Participants: Analysis of COVID-19 data collected and archived by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Exposures: The entire population of the state of Massachusetts is exposed to the virus responsible for COVID-19, to varying degrees. This study quantifies this variation. Main outcome measures: Weekly observations, by town, on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts, during the period (April 15th, 2020 to February 9th 2021). Results: The relative decline in COVID-19 cases, during January 12th, 2021 to February 9th, 2021, in the group of towns with higher total accumulated cases in the period before January 12th, 2021 is significantly larger than the corresponding relative decline in the group of towns with lower accumulated cases during the same period. Conclusions and Relevance: Heterogeneous nature of transmission is playing a significant role in shaping the rapid recent decline (January 12th to February 9th, 2021) in reported cases in Massachusetts, and probably around the country. These findings are relevant to how we estimate the threshold defining herd immunity, suggesting that we should account for effects due to heterogeneity.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.02.18.21251955
Database	COVID19

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Article: Near-term regional climate change over Bangladesh

Choi, Yeon-Woo / Campbell, Deborah J. / Aldridge, John C. / Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.

Climate dynamics. 2021 Dec., v. 57, no. 11-12

2021

Abstract: Bangladesh stands out as a climate change hot spot due to its unique geography, climate, high population density, and limited adaptation capacity. Mounting evidence suggests that the country is already suffering from the effects of climate change which ... ...

Abstract	Bangladesh stands out as a climate change hot spot due to its unique geography, climate, high population density, and limited adaptation capacity. Mounting evidence suggests that the country is already suffering from the effects of climate change which may get worse without aggressive action. Here, we use an ensemble of high-resolution (10 km) regional climate model simulations to project near-term change in climate extremes, mainly heat waves and intense rainfall, for the period (2021–2050). Near-term climate projections represent a valuable input for designing sound adaptation policies. Our climate projections suggest that heatwaves will become more frequent and severe in Bangladesh under the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5). In particular, extremes of wet-bulb temperature (a temperature and humidity metric important in evaluating humid heat stress) in the western part of Bangladesh including Bogra, Ishurdi, and Jessore are likely to exceed the extreme danger threshold (according to U.S. National Weather Service criterion), which has rarely been observed in the current climate. The return periods of extreme heat waves are also significantly shortened across the country. In addition, country-averaged rainfall is projected to increase by about 6% during the summer months, with the largest increases (above 10%) in the eastern mountainous areas, such as Sylhet and Chittagong. Meanwhile, insignificant changes in extreme rainfall are simulated. Our results suggest that Bangladesh is particularly susceptible to climate extremes in the near future, in the form of extreme heat waves over the western part of the country.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; climate models ; dynamics ; geography ; heat ; heat stress ; humidity ; mountains ; population density ; rain ; summer ; wet-bulb temperature ; Bangladesh
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 3055-3073.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-021-05856-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Biologics (Secukinumab, Ustekinumab, and Guselkumab) for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis

Seung-Won Jung / Sung Ha Lim / Jae Joon Jeon / Yeon-Woo Heo / Mi Soo Choi / Seung-Phil Hong

Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 1058, p

Real-World Data from a Single Korean Center

2022 Volume 1058

Abstract: Biologics are important treatment options for psoriasis; however, direct comparison of their efficacy, safety, and drug survival is insufficient in clinical practice. This retrospective single-center study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and drug ... ...

Abstract	Biologics are important treatment options for psoriasis; however, direct comparison of their efficacy, safety, and drug survival is insufficient in clinical practice. This retrospective single-center study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and drug survival of three commonly used psoriasis biologics (secukinumab, ustekinumab, and guselkumab) and identify the factors affecting drug survival in actual clinics in Korea. We enrolled 111 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and for at least 56 weeks of follow-up; among these, 27, 23, and 61 were administered secukinumab, ustekinumab, and guselkumab, respectively. All groups were comparable with respect to their baseline characteristics. Secukinumab showed a rapid response, and guselkumab was superior in terms of a long-term response and complete remission compared with other biologics, while ustekinumab showed a lower efficacy compared with other biologics. All three biologics had a favorable and similar safety profile; however, allergic reactions and latent tuberculosis were more common with secukinumab and ustekinumab, respectively. Guselkumab was the most sustained biologic, and the survival rates of secukinumab and ustekinumab were similar. Drug survival was remarkably shorter in female patients and those with hypertension. Introduction of new biologics emerged as a negative factor for drug survival in clinical settings.
Keywords	psoriasis ; direct comparison in real world ; secukinumab ; ustekinumab ; guselkumab ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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