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  1. Article ; Online: Genome Mining and Evolutionary Analysis Reveal Diverse Type III Polyketide Synthase Pathways in Cyanobacteria.

    Larsen, Joachim Steen / Pearson, Leanne Andrea / Neilan, Brett Anthony

    Genome biology and evolution

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 4

    Abstract: Cyanobacteria are prolific producers of natural products, including polyketides and hybrid compounds thereof. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are of particular interest, due to their wide substrate specificity and simple reaction mechanism, compared ...

    Abstract Cyanobacteria are prolific producers of natural products, including polyketides and hybrid compounds thereof. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are of particular interest, due to their wide substrate specificity and simple reaction mechanism, compared with both type I and type II PKSs. Surprisingly, only two type III PKS products, hierridins, and (7.7)paracyclophanes, have been isolated from cyanobacteria. Here, we report the mining of 517 cyanobacterial genomes for type III PKS biosynthesis gene clusters. Approximately 17% of the genomes analyzed encoded one or more type III PKSs. Together with already characterized type III PKSs, the phylogeny of this group of enzymes was investigated. Our analysis showed that type III PKSs in cyanobacteria evolved into three major lineages, including enzymes associated with 1) (7.7)paracyclophane-like biosynthesis gene clusters, 2) hierridin-like biosynthesis gene clusters, and 3) cytochrome b5 genes. The evolutionary history of these enzymes is complex, with some sequences partitioning primarily according to speciation and others putatively according to their reaction type. Protein modeling showed that cyanobacterial type III PKSs generally have a smaller active site cavity (mean = 109.035 Å3) compared with enzymes from other organisms. The size of the active site did not correlate well with substrate size, however, the "Gatekeeper" amino acid residues within the active site were strongly correlated to enzyme phylogeny. Our study provides unprecedented insight into the distribution, diversity, and molecular evolution of cyanobacterial type III PKSs, which could facilitate the discovery, characterization, and exploitation of novel enzymes, biochemical pathways, and specialized metabolites from this biosynthetically talented clade of microorganisms.
    MeSH term(s) Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; Cyanobacteria/enzymology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Cytochromes b5/genetics ; Data Mining ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Bacterial ; Models, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Polyketide Synthases/chemistry ; Polyketide Synthases/classification ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Polyketide Synthases (79956-01-7) ; Cytochromes b5 (9035-39-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2495328-3
    ISSN 1759-6653 ; 1759-6653
    ISSN (online) 1759-6653
    ISSN 1759-6653
    DOI 10.1093/gbe/evab056
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Analysis Reveal a Schizokinen-Based Siderophore Pathway in

    Wang, Suqin / Pearson, Leanne A / Mazmouz, Rabia / Liu, Tianzhe / Neilan, Brett A

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2022  Volume 88, Issue 7, Page(s) e0237321

    Abstract: Siderophores are low molecular weight iron-chelating molecules that many organisms secrete to scavenge ferric iron from the environment. While cyanobacteria inhabit a wide range of environments with poor iron availability, only two siderophore families ... ...

    Abstract Siderophores are low molecular weight iron-chelating molecules that many organisms secrete to scavenge ferric iron from the environment. While cyanobacteria inhabit a wide range of environments with poor iron availability, only two siderophore families have been characterized from this phylum. Herein, we sought to investigate siderophore production in the marine genus,
    MeSH term(s) Chromatography, Liquid ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; Iron/metabolism ; Siderophores/metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Chemical Substances Hydroxamic Acids ; Siderophores ; schizokinen (35418-52-1) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/aem.02373-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Recent developments in quantitative PCR for monitoring harmful marine microalgae.

    Pearson, Leanne A / D'Agostino, Paul M / Neilan, Brett A

    Harmful algae

    2021  Volume 108, Page(s) 102096

    Abstract: Marine microalgae produce a variety of specialised metabolites that have toxic effects on humans, farmed fish, and marine wildlife. Alarmingly, many of these compounds bioaccumulate in the tissues of shellfish and higher trophic organisms, including ... ...

    Abstract Marine microalgae produce a variety of specialised metabolites that have toxic effects on humans, farmed fish, and marine wildlife. Alarmingly, many of these compounds bioaccumulate in the tissues of shellfish and higher trophic organisms, including species consumed by humans. Molecular methods are emerging as a potential alternative and complement to the conventional microscopic diagnosis of toxic or otherwise harmful microalgal species. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) in particular, has gained popularity over the past decade as a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method for monitoring harmful microalgae. Assays targeting taxonomic marker genes provide the opportunity to identify and quantify (or semi-quantify) microalgal species and importantly to pre-empt bloom events. Moreover, the discovery of paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis genes in dinoflagellates has enabled researchers to directly monitor toxigenic species in coastal waters and fisheries. This review summarises the recent developments in qPCR detection methods for harmful microalgae, with emphasis on emerging toxin gene monitoring technologies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dinoflagellida/genetics ; Fisheries ; Microalgae/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Shellfish
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2091119-1
    ISSN 1878-1470 ; 1568-9883
    ISSN (online) 1878-1470
    ISSN 1568-9883
    DOI 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102096
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cyanobacterial blooms in wastewater treatment facilities: Significance and emerging monitoring strategies.

    Romanis, Caitlin S / Pearson, Leanne A / Neilan, Brett A

    Journal of microbiological methods

    2020  Volume 180, Page(s) 106123

    Abstract: Municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are prone to the proliferation of cyanobacterial species which thrive in stable, nutrient-rich environments. Dense cyanobacterial blooms frequently disrupt treatment processes and the supply of recycled ... ...

    Abstract Municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are prone to the proliferation of cyanobacterial species which thrive in stable, nutrient-rich environments. Dense cyanobacterial blooms frequently disrupt treatment processes and the supply of recycled water due to their production of extracellular polymeric substances, which hinder microfiltration, and toxins, which pose a health risk to end-users. A variety of methods are employed by water utilities for the identification and monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in WWTFs, including microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, chemoanalytical methods, and more recently, molecular methods. Here we review the literature on the occurrence and significance of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs and discuss the pros and cons of the various strategies for monitoring these potentially hazardous events. Particular focus is directed towards next-generation metagenomic sequencing technologies for the development of site-specific cyanobacterial bloom management strategies. Long-term multi-omic observations will enable the identification of indicator species and the development of site-specific bloom dynamics models for the mitigation and management of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs. While emerging metagenomic tools could potentially provide deep insight into the diversity and flux of problematic cyanobacterial species in these systems, they should be considered a complement to, rather than a replacement of, quantitative chemoanalytical approaches.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Toxins ; Bacteriological Techniques/methods ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fresh Water/microbiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Metagenomics ; Microbiota ; Proteomics/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Waste Water/microbiology ; Water Purification/methods
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Toxins ; Waste Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604916-3
    ISSN 1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
    ISSN (online) 1872-8359
    ISSN 0167-7012
    DOI 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106123
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  5. Article ; Online: Climate dictates microbial community composition and diversity in Australian biological soil crusts (biocrusts).

    Chilton, Angela M / Nguyen, Suong T T / Nelson, Tiffanie M / Pearson, Leanne A / Neilan, Brett A

    Environmental microbiology

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 11, Page(s) 5467–5482

    Abstract: The soil surface of drylands can typically be colonized by cyanobacteria and other microbes, forming biological soil crusts or 'biocrusts'. Biocrusts provide critical benefits to ecosystems and are a common component of the largely arid and semi-arid ... ...

    Abstract The soil surface of drylands can typically be colonized by cyanobacteria and other microbes, forming biological soil crusts or 'biocrusts'. Biocrusts provide critical benefits to ecosystems and are a common component of the largely arid and semi-arid Australian continent. Yet, their distribution and the parameters that shape their microbial composition have not been investigated. We present here the first detailed description of Australia's biocrust microbiome assessed from 15 sites across the continent using 16S rRNA sequencing. The most abundant bacterial phyla from all sites were Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes. Cyanobacterial communities from northern regions were more diverse and unclassified cyanobacteria were a noticeable feature of northern biocrusts. Segregation between northern and southern regions was largely due to the differential abundance of Microcoleus spp., with M. paludosus dominating in the north and M. vaginatus dominating in the south. The geographical shifts in bacterial composition and diversity were correlated to seasonal temperatures and summer rainfall. Our findings provide an initial reference for sampling strategies to maximize access to bacterial genetic diversity. As hubs for essential ecosystem services, further investigation into biocrusts in arid and semi-arid regions may yield discoveries of genetic mechanisms that combat increases in warming due to climate change.
    MeSH term(s) Soil ; Ecosystem ; Soil Microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Australia ; Microbiota/genetics ; Cyanobacteria/genetics
    Chemical Substances Soil ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.16098
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A

    Chau, Rocky / Pearson, Leanne A / Cain, Jesse / Kalaitzis, John A / Neilan, Brett A

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2021  Volume 87, Issue 6

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Pseudoalteromonas
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial ; Octopodiformes/microbiology ; Peptide Synthases/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics ; Pseudoalteromonas/genetics ; Pseudoalteromonas/metabolism ; Secondary Metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Polyketide Synthases (79956-01-7) ; Peptide Synthases (EC 6.3.2.-) ; non-ribosomal peptide synthase (EC 6.3.2.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/AEM.02604-20
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  7. Article ; Online: Recent developments in quantitative PCR for monitoring harmful marine microalgae

    Pearson, Leanne A. / D'Agostino, Paul M. / Neilan, Brett A.

    Harmful algae. 2021 Aug., v. 108 p.102096-

    2021  

    Abstract: Marine microalgae produce a variety of specialised metabolites that have toxic effects on humans, farmed fish, and marine wildlife. Alarmingly, many of these compounds bioaccumulate in the tissues of shellfish and higher trophic organisms, including ... ...

    Abstract Marine microalgae produce a variety of specialised metabolites that have toxic effects on humans, farmed fish, and marine wildlife. Alarmingly, many of these compounds bioaccumulate in the tissues of shellfish and higher trophic organisms, including species consumed by humans. Molecular methods are emerging as a potential alternative and complement to the conventional microscopic diagnosis of toxic or otherwise harmful microalgal species. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) in particular, has gained popularity over the past decade as a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method for monitoring harmful microalgae. Assays targeting taxonomic marker genes provide the opportunity to identify and quantify (or semi-quantify) microalgal species and importantly to pre-empt bloom events. Moreover, the discovery of paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis genes in dinoflagellates has enabled researchers to directly monitor toxigenic species in coastal waters and fisheries. This review summarises the recent developments in qPCR detection methods for harmful microalgae, with emphasis on emerging toxin gene monitoring technologies.
    Keywords Miozoa ; algal blooms ; coastal water ; environmental monitoring ; genetic markers ; microalgae ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; phytoplankton ; poisonous algae ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; Harmful algal blooms ; Saxitoxin ; rRNA ; Seafood ; sxtA
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-08
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2091119-1
    ISSN 1878-1470 ; 1568-9883
    ISSN (online) 1878-1470
    ISSN 1568-9883
    DOI 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102096
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  8. Article ; Online: Bacterial community structure and metabolic potential in microbialite-forming mats from South Australian saline lakes.

    Nguyen, Suong T T / Vardeh, David P / Nelson, Tiffanie M / Pearson, Leanne A / Kinsela, Andrew S / Neilan, Brett A

    Geobiology

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 546–559

    Abstract: Microbialites are sedimentary rocks created in association with benthic microorganisms. While they harbour complex microbial communities, Cyanobacteria perform critical roles in sediment stabilisation and accretion. Microbialites have been described from ...

    Abstract Microbialites are sedimentary rocks created in association with benthic microorganisms. While they harbour complex microbial communities, Cyanobacteria perform critical roles in sediment stabilisation and accretion. Microbialites have been described from permanent and ephemeral saline lakes in South Australia; however, the microbial communities that generate and inhabit these biogeological structures have not been studied in detail. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the composition, diversity and metabolic potential of bacterial communities from different microbialite-forming mats and surrounding sediments in five South Australian saline coastal lakes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and predictive metagenome analyses. While Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla recovered from the mats and sediments, Cyanobacteria were significantly more abundant in the mat samples. Interestingly, at lower taxonomic levels, the mat communities were vastly different across the five lakes. Comparative analysis of putative mat and sediment metagenomes via PICRUSt2 revealed important metabolic pathways driving the process of carbonate precipitation, including cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis, ureolysis and nitrogen fixation. These pathways were highly conserved across the five examined lakes, although they appeared to be performed by distinct groups of bacterial taxa found in each lake. Stress response, quorum sensing and circadian clock were other important pathways predicted by the in silico metagenome analysis. The enrichment of CRISPR/Cas and phage shock associated genes in these cyanobacteria-rich communities suggests that they may be under selective pressure from viral infection. Together, these results highlight that a very stable ecosystem function is maintained by distinctly different communities in microbialite-forming mats in the five South Australian lakes and reinforce the concept that 'who' is in the community is not as critical as their net metabolic capacity.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Lakes/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; South Australia
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2113509-5
    ISSN 1472-4669 ; 1472-4677
    ISSN (online) 1472-4669
    ISSN 1472-4677
    DOI 10.1111/gbi.12489
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  9. Article ; Online: Mutagenesis of the Microcystin Tailoring and Transport Proteins in a Heterologous Cyanotoxin Expression System.

    Liu, Tianzhe / Mazmouz, Rabia / Pearson, Leanne A / Neilan, Brett A

    ACS synthetic biology

    2019  Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 1187–1194

    Abstract: The microcystins are a large group of cyclic peptide hepatotoxins produced by several genera of freshwater cyanobacteria. The genes responsible for microcystin biosynthesis are encoded within a large (∼55 kbp) gene cluster, mcyA-J. The recent ... ...

    Abstract The microcystins are a large group of cyclic peptide hepatotoxins produced by several genera of freshwater cyanobacteria. The genes responsible for microcystin biosynthesis are encoded within a large (∼55 kbp) gene cluster, mcyA-J. The recent establishment of a cyanotoxin heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli has provided the means to study microcystin biosynthesis in a genetically tractable, rapidly growing host. Using this system, we demonstrate that deletion of the ABC-transporter, mcyH, and dehydrogenase, mcyI, abolishes microcystin production, while deletion of the O-methyltransferase, mcyJ, results in the production of the demethylated (DM) toxin [d-Asp
    MeSH term(s) ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Microcystins/analysis ; Microcystins/chemistry ; Microcystins/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Mutagenesis ; Protein O-Methyltransferase/deficiency ; Protein O-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Chemical Substances ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Bacterial Proteins ; Microcystins ; microcystin (77238-39-2) ; Protein O-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2161-5063
    ISSN (online) 2161-5063
    DOI 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00068
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  10. Article ; Online: Climate dictates microbial community composition and diversity in Australian biological soil crusts (biocrusts)

    Chilton, Angela M. / Nguyen, Suong T. T. / Nelson, Tiffanie M. / Pearson, Leanne A. / Neilan, Brett A.

    Environmental Microbiology. 2022 Nov., v. 24, no. 11 p.5467-5482

    2022  

    Abstract: The soil surface of drylands can typically be colonized by cyanobacteria and other microbes, forming biological soil crusts or ‘biocrusts’. Biocrusts provide critical benefits to ecosystems and are a common component of the largely arid and semi‐arid ... ...

    Abstract The soil surface of drylands can typically be colonized by cyanobacteria and other microbes, forming biological soil crusts or ‘biocrusts’. Biocrusts provide critical benefits to ecosystems and are a common component of the largely arid and semi‐arid Australian continent. Yet, their distribution and the parameters that shape their microbial composition have not been investigated. We present here the first detailed description of Australia's biocrust microbiome assessed from 15 sites across the continent using 16S rRNA sequencing. The most abundant bacterial phyla from all sites were Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes. Cyanobacterial communities from northern regions were more diverse and unclassified cyanobacteria were a noticeable feature of northern biocrusts. Segregation between northern and southern regions was largely due to the differential abundance of Microcoleus spp., with M. paludosus dominating in the north and M. vaginatus dominating in the south. The geographical shifts in bacterial composition and diversity were correlated to seasonal temperatures and summer rainfall. Our findings provide an initial reference for sampling strategies to maximize access to bacterial genetic diversity. As hubs for essential ecosystem services, further investigation into biocrusts in arid and semi‐arid regions may yield discoveries of genetic mechanisms that combat increases in warming due to climate change.
    Keywords Actinobacteria ; Bacteroidetes ; Chloroflexi ; Microcoleus ; Proteobacteria ; arid lands ; biological soil crusts ; climate ; climate change ; community structure ; ecosystems ; genetic variation ; microbial communities ; microbiology ; microbiome ; rain ; summer ; Australia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-11
    Size p. 5467-5482.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.16098
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