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Article ; Online: Feline litter box issues associate with cat personality, breed, and age at sterilization.

Mikkola, Salla / Salonen, Milla / Hakanen, Emma / Lohi, Hannes

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 261, Issue 5, Page(s) 652–660

Abstract: Objective: To identify potential risk factors for feline litter box issues (eg, house soiling).: Animals: 3,049 privately owned cats.: Procedures: Data were collected using a validated, owner-completed survey with convenience sampling. The feline ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To identify potential risk factors for feline litter box issues (eg, house soiling). Animals: 3,049 privately owned cats. Procedures: Data were collected using a validated, owner-completed survey with convenience sampling. The feline behavior and personality survey included 138 statements related to cat behavior and questions concerning cat background and health. Statements related to litter box issues were subjected to factor analysis. Associations between the identified factors and personality and background variables were studied using generalized linear models. Strength of these associations (ie, importance) was evaluated by calculating relative and absolute effect sizes. Results: Factor analysis yielded 2 factors: house soiling and litter box fussiness. This study suggests that fearful cats are more prone to both forms of litter box issues than nonfearful individuals. Other associations we found differed between factors. For example, low sociability toward cats, male sex, and being intact associated only with increased house soiling and older age only with litter box fussiness. The most important variables in the litter box models (ie, sociability toward cats, breed, and activity/playfulness) failed to reach the suggested cutoff for a small effect size. Clinical relevance: Numerous variables are thought to influence litter box issues, but few studies have examined their relevance. Here, we studied the associations of over 30 background variables and personality traits with 2 litter box issue factors to estimate their importance at the population level. Our results bring new knowledge to this field and may contribute to finding new solutions for these complex issues in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Male ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Personality ; Eliminative Behavior, Animal ; Sterilization, Reproductive/veterinary ; Sterilization ; Cat Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.22.10.0441
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Fearfulness associates with problematic behaviors and poor socialization in cats.

Mikkola, Salla / Salonen, Milla / Hakanen, Emma / Lohi, Hannes

iScience

2022 Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 105265

Abstract: Problematic behavior is a remarkable welfare issue in cats ( ...

Abstract	Problematic behavior is a remarkable welfare issue in cats (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2022.105265
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Pet and owner personality and mental wellbeing associate with attachment to cats and dogs.

Ståhl, Aada / Salonen, Milla / Hakanen, Emma / Mikkola, Salla / Sulkama, Sini / Lahti, Jari / Lohi, Hannes

iScience

2023 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 108423

Abstract: Human-pet attachment can impact the life of both parties, and the identification of underlying characteristics related to attachment style can improve human-pet relationships. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore associations between ...

Abstract	Human-pet attachment can impact the life of both parties, and the identification of underlying characteristics related to attachment style can improve human-pet relationships. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore associations between human, dog, and cat personalities, owner mental well-being, unwanted pet behavior, and attachment styles in a sample of 2,724 Finnish pet owners (92% women) and their 2,545 dogs and 788 cats. Our findings reveal that owner neuroticism and poor mental well-being are linked to anxious pet attachment in both dog and cat owners. Pet characteristics, such as unwanted behavior and lower human sociability are associated with avoidant attachment style. Overall, this study highlights the significance of individual traits in both pets and owners contributing to insecure attachment styles and underscores the potential to enhance the well-being of both pets and their owners through a deeper understanding of these traits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2023.108423
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Article: The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs.

Ottka, Claudia / Vapalahti, Katariina / Arlt, Sebastian P / Bartel, Alexander / Lohi, Hannes

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1105113

Abstract: Introduction: Reproduction causes major hormonal and physiological changes to the female body. However, the metabolic changes occurring during canine reproduction are scarcely studied.: Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Reproduction causes major hormonal and physiological changes to the female body. However, the metabolic changes occurring during canine reproduction are scarcely studied. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the metabolic effects of canine reproductive status using a Results: Lactation, pregnancy and heat all were associated with distinct metabolic changes; pregnancy caused major changes in the concentrations of glycoprotein acetyls, albumin and creatinine, and smaller changes in several lipids, citrate, glutamine, and alanine. Pseudopregnancy, on the other hand, metabolically largely resembled anestrus. Lactation caused major changes in amino acid concentrations and smaller changes in several lipids, albumin, citrate, creatinine, and glycoprotein acetyls. Heat, referring to proestrus and estrus, affected cholesterol and LDL metabolism, and increased HDL particle size. Albumin and glycoprotein acetyls were the metabolites included in the final multivariate model for pregnancy detection, and could differentiate pregnant dogs from non-pregnant ones with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Discussion: These results increase our understanding of the metabolic consequences of canine reproduction, with the possibility of improving maternal health and ensuring reproductive success. The identified metabolites could be used for confirming canine pregnancy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1105113
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Article: Distinct healthy and atopic canine gut microbiota is influenced by diet and antibiotics.

Sinkko, Hanna / Lehtimäki, Jenni / Lohi, Hannes / Ruokolainen, Lasse / Hielm-Björkman, Anna

Royal Society open science

2023 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 221104

Abstract: The rising trend in non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases coincides with changes in Western lifestyle. While changes in the human microbiota may play a central role in the development of chronic diseases, estimating the contribution of ... ...

Abstract	The rising trend in non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases coincides with changes in Western lifestyle. While changes in the human microbiota may play a central role in the development of chronic diseases, estimating the contribution of associated lifestyle factors remains challenging. We studied the influence of lifestyle-diet, antibiotic use, and residential environment with housing and family-on the gut microbiota of healthy and owner-reported atopic pet dogs, searching for associations between the lifestyle factors, atopy and microbiota. The results showed that atopic and healthy dogs had contrasting gut microbial composition. The gut microbiota also differed between two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Finnish Lapphund, selected for our study. Among all lifestyle factors studied, diet was most significantly associated with gut microbiota but only weakly with atopic symptoms. Thus, diet- and atopy-associated changes in the microbiota were not interrelated. Instead, the severity of symptoms was positively associated with the usage of antibiotics, which in turn was associated with the microbiota composition. Urban lifestyle was significantly associated with the increased prevalence of allergies but not with the gut microbiota. Our results from pet dogs supported previous evidence from humans, demonstrating that antibiotics, gut microbiota and atopic manifestation are interrelated. This congruence suggests that canine atopy might be a promising model for understanding the aetiology of human allergy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.221104
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Article ; Online: A frameshift deletion in F8 associated with hemophilia A in Labrador Retriever dogs.

Hytönen, Marjo K / Viitanen, Sanna / Hundi, Sruthi / Donner, Jonas / Lohi, Hannes / Kaukonen, Maria

Animal genetics

2023 Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 606–612

Abstract: Hemophilia A is the most common inherited coagulation factor disorder in dogs. It manifests as excessive bleeding resulting from pathogenic variants in the X-chromosomal F8 gene encoding coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) protein. In this study, we ... ...

Abstract	Hemophilia A is the most common inherited coagulation factor disorder in dogs. It manifests as excessive bleeding resulting from pathogenic variants in the X-chromosomal F8 gene encoding coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) protein. In this study, we performed careful clinical phenotyping to confirm hemophilia A in two distinct Labrador Retriever (LR) pedigrees. Whole-genome sequencing on an affected dog from litter 1 identified a case-specific frameshift deletion variant in F8 predicted to cause a premature stop codon (c.2923_2924del, p.(E975Kfs*8)). This variant was hemizygous in all the affected males from litter 1 (n = 3), while all the unaffected LRs in the pedigree were heterozygous or wild-type (n = 22). Additionally, screened samples from 199 LRs were all found to be wild-type. As a result of this study, a gene test can now be developed to screen dogs before breeding to prevent further cases. However, it is important to note that the affected LR with decreased FVIII activity from litter 2 was wild-type for the identified deletion variant, and no segregating F8 variants were detected when this dog's DNA sample was whole-genome sequenced. Thus, the cause of decreased FVIII activity in this dog remains to be unraveled in future studies.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Dogs ; Animals ; Factor VIII/genetics ; Hemophilia A/genetics ; Hemophilia A/veterinary ; Frameshift Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Dog Diseases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Factor VIII (9001-27-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632766-7
ISSN	1365-2052 ; 0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
ISSN (online)	1365-2052
ISSN	0268-9146 ; 0268-9154
DOI	10.1111/age.13345
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Article ; Online: Serum NMR metabolomics uncovers multiple metabolic changes in phenobarbital-treated dogs.

Ottka, Claudia / Weber, Corinna / Müller, Elisabeth / Lohi, Hannes

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society

2021 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 54

Abstract: Introduction: Phenobarbital is a commonly used anticonvulsant for the treatment of canine epileptic seizures. In addition to its central nervous system (CNS) depressing effects, long-term phenobarbital administration affects liver function. However, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Phenobarbital is a commonly used anticonvulsant for the treatment of canine epileptic seizures. In addition to its central nervous system (CNS) depressing effects, long-term phenobarbital administration affects liver function. However, broader metabolic consequences of phenobarbital treatment are poorly characterized. Objectives: To identify metabolic changes in the sera of phenobarbital-treated dogs and to investigate the relationship between serum phenobarbital concentration and metabolite levels. Methods: Leftovers of clinical samples were used: 58 cases with phenobarbital concentrations ranging from 7.8 µg/mL to 50.8 µg/mL, and 25 controls. The study design was cross-sectional. The samples were analyzed by a canine-specific Results: Increasing concentrations of glycoprotein acetyls, LDL particle size, palmitic acid, and saturated fatty acids, and decreasing concentrations of albumin, glutamine, histidine, LDL particle concentration, multiple HDL measures, and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased the odds of the sample belonging to the phenobarbital-treated group, having a p-value < .0033, and area under the curve (AUC) > .7. Albumin and glycoprotein acetyls had the best discriminative ability between the groups (AUC: .94). No linear associations between phenobarbital and metabolite concentrations were observed. Conclusion: The identified metabolites are known to associate with, for example, liver and CNS function, inflammatory processes and drug binding. The lack of a linear association to phenobarbital concentration suggests that other factors than the blood phenobarbital concentration contribute to the magnitude of metabolic changes.
MeSH term(s)	Albumins ; Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dog Diseases ; Dogs ; Metabolomics ; Phenobarbital
Chemical Substances	Albumins ; Phenobarbital (YQE403BP4D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2250617-2
ISSN	1573-3890 ; 1573-3882
ISSN (online)	1573-3890
ISSN	1573-3882
DOI	10.1007/s11306-021-01803-5
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Article ; Online: A frameshift insertion in SGK3 leads to recessive hairlessness in Scottish Deerhounds: a candidate gene for human alopecia conditions.

Hytönen, Marjo K / Lohi, Hannes

Human genetics

2019 Volume 138, Issue 5, Page(s) 535–539

Abstract: Hairlessness is a breed-specific feature selected for in some dog breeds but a rare abnormality in some others such as Scottish Deerhounds (SD). In SDs, the affected puppies are born with sparse hair but lose it within the first 2 months leaving the dogs ...

Abstract	Hairlessness is a breed-specific feature selected for in some dog breeds but a rare abnormality in some others such as Scottish Deerhounds (SD). In SDs, the affected puppies are born with sparse hair but lose it within the first 2 months leaving the dogs completely hairless. The previous studies have implicated variants in FOXI3 and SGK3 in hairlessness; however, the known variants do not explain hairlessness in all breeds such as SDs. We investigated the genetic cause in 66 SDs, including a litter with two hairless dogs. We utilized a combined approach of genome-wide homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing of a hairless SD followed by recessive filtering according to a recessive model against 340 control genomes. Only two homozygous-coding variants were discovered in the homozygosity regions, including a 1-bp insertion in exon 2 of SGK3. This results in a predicted frameshift and very early truncation (49/490 amino acids) of the SGK3 protein. Additional screening of the recessive variant demonstrated a full segregation with the hairlessness and a 12% carrier frequency in the SD breed. The variant was not found in the related Irish Wolfhound breed. This study identifies the second hairless variant in the SGK3 gene in dogs and further highlights its role as a candidate gene for androgen-independent hair loss or alopecia in human.
MeSH term(s)	Alopecia/genetics ; Alopecia/veterinary ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dog Diseases/genetics ; Dogs ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation/genetics ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Chemical Substances	Immediate-Early Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; serum-glucocorticoid regulated kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223009-4
ISSN	1432-1203 ; 0340-6717
ISSN (online)	1432-1203
ISSN	0340-6717
DOI	10.1007/s00439-019-02005-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Pet and owner personality and mental wellbeing associate with attachment to cats and dogs

Aada Ståhl / Milla Salonen / Emma Hakanen / Salla Mikkola / Sini Sulkama / Jari Lahti / Hannes Lohi

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 12, Pp 108423- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: Human-pet attachment can impact the life of both parties, and the identification of underlying characteristics related to attachment style can improve human-pet relationships. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Human-pet attachment can impact the life of both parties, and the identification of underlying characteristics related to attachment style can improve human-pet relationships. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore associations between human, dog, and cat personalities, owner mental well-being, unwanted pet behavior, and attachment styles in a sample of 2,724 Finnish pet owners (92% women) and their 2,545 dogs and 788 cats. Our findings reveal that owner neuroticism and poor mental well-being are linked to anxious pet attachment in both dog and cat owners. Pet characteristics, such as unwanted behavior and lower human sociability are associated with avoidant attachment style. Overall, this study highlights the significance of individual traits in both pets and owners contributing to insecure attachment styles and underscores the potential to enhance the well-being of both pets and their owners through a deeper understanding of these traits.
Keywords	Anthrozoology ; Canine behavior ; Feline behavior ; Psychology ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Formal commentary.

Aguirre, Gustavo D / Lohi, Hannes / Kaukonen, Maria / Murgiano, Leonardo

PLoS genetics

2020 Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) e1009059

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Retinal Degeneration
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1009059
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