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Article ; Online: A Multiplex MoClo Toolkit for Extensive and Flexible Engineering of

Shaw, William M / Khalil, Ahmad S / Ellis, Tom

ACS synthetic biology

2023 Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) 3393–3405

Abstract: Synthetic biology toolkits are one of the core foundations on which the field has been built, facilitating and accelerating efforts to reprogram cells and organisms for diverse biotechnological applications. The ... ...

Abstract	Synthetic biology toolkits are one of the core foundations on which the field has been built, facilitating and accelerating efforts to reprogram cells and organisms for diverse biotechnological applications. The yeast
MeSH term(s)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Biotechnology ; Plasmids/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2161-5063
ISSN (online)	2161-5063
DOI	10.1021/acssynbio.3c00423
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the dual-task decrement within a simulated environment: Word recall and visual search.

Jackson, Kenneth M / Shaw, Tyler H / Helton, William S

Applied ergonomics

2022 Volume 106, Page(s) 103861

Abstract: Simulated environments have become better able to replicate the real world and can be used for a variety of purposes, such as testing new technology without any of the costs or risks associated with working in the real world. Because of this, it is now ... ...

Abstract	Simulated environments have become better able to replicate the real world and can be used for a variety of purposes, such as testing new technology without any of the costs or risks associated with working in the real world. Because of this, it is now possible to gain a better understanding of cognitive demands when working in operational environments, where individuals are often required to multitask. Multitasking often results in performance decrements, where adding more tasks can cause a decrease in performance in each of the individual tasks. However, little research investigated multitasking performance in simulated environments. In the current study we examined how multitasking affects performance in simulated environments. Forty-eight participants performed a dual visual search and word memory task where participants were navigated through a simulated environment while being presented with words. Performance was then compared to single-task performance (visual search and word memory alone). Results showed that participants experienced significant dual-task interference when comparing the dual-tasks to the single-tasks and subjective measures confirmed these findings. These results could provide useful insight for the design of technology in operational environments, but also serve as an evaluation of MRT in simulated environments.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Ergonomics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2003513-5
ISSN	1872-9126 ; 0003-6870
ISSN (online)	1872-9126
ISSN	0003-6870
DOI	10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103861
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Article ; Online: The effects of dual-task interference on visual search and verbal memory.

Jackson, Kenneth M / Shaw, Tyler H / Helton, William S

Ergonomics

2022 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: The operational costs of multitasking are more pressing given the increase in wearable technologies (head-up displays; HUDs) that facilitate multitasking. Often multitasking comes with performance costs, where the addition of more tasks impairs the ... ...

Abstract	The operational costs of multitasking are more pressing given the increase in wearable technologies (head-up displays; HUDs) that facilitate multitasking. Often multitasking comes with performance costs, where the addition of more tasks impairs the performance of the tasks. The current study explored the extent to which multitasking interference can be characterised in simulated environments, as opposed to risky and harsh environments in real operational contexts. Forty-eight participants completed several trials where they performed a visual search task while navigating a simulated environment. There were three conditions: a standalone memory task, a standalone search task, and both tasks simultaneously. Results revealed significant dual-task interference when comparing the dual-task to each of the single-tasks. Results were corroborated by subjective workload and stress metrics. The results could prove useful for designing systems for individuals who routinely multitask in operational environments. Specifically, by furthering the understanding of their performance capabilities and trade-offs due to multitasking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2022.2061053
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Article ; Online: Swimming with a head-mounted display: dual-task costs.

Jackson, Kenneth M / Thayer, Sean C / Simpson, Kassidy L / Shaw, Tyler H / McKnight, Patrick E / Helton, William S

Ergonomics

2024 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Head-up displays (HUDs) have the potential to change work in operation environments by providing hands-free information to wearers. However, these benefits may be accompanied by trade-offs, primarily by increasing cognitive load due to dividing attention. ...

Abstract	Head-up displays (HUDs) have the potential to change work in operation environments by providing hands-free information to wearers. However, these benefits may be accompanied by trade-offs, primarily by increasing cognitive load due to dividing attention. Previous studies have attempted to understand the trade-offs of HUD usage; however, all of which were focused on land-based tasks. A gap in understanding exists when examining HUD use in aquatic environments as immersion introduces unique environmental and physiological factors that could affect multitasking. In this study, we investigated multitasking performance associated with swimming with a HUD. Eighteen participants completed three tasks: swimming only, a HUD-administered word recall task, and a dual-task combining both tasks. Results revealed significant dual-task interference in both tasks, though possibly less pronounced than in land-based tasks. These findings enhance not only help characterise dual-task performance, but also offer valuable insights for HUD design for aquatic settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2024.2339436
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Article ; Online: System-level efforts to address pain-related workplace challenges.

Main, Chris J / Shaw, William S / Nicholas, Michael K / Linton, Steven J

Pain

2021 Volume 163, Issue 8, Page(s) 1425–1431

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pain ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	193153-2
ISSN	1872-6623 ; 0304-3959
ISSN (online)	1872-6623
ISSN	0304-3959
DOI	10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002548
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Inducible expression of large gRNA arrays for multiplexed CRISPRai applications.

Shaw, William M / Studená, Lucie / Roy, Kyler / Hapeta, Piotr / McCarty, Nicholas S / Graham, Alicia E / Ellis, Tom / Ledesma-Amaro, Rodrigo

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 137

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-35867-9
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Article ; Online: The Role of State and Trait Self-Control on the Sustained Attention to Response Task.

Harwood, Amanda E / Satterfield, Kelly / Helton, William S / McKnight, Patrick E / Shaw, Tyler H

Human factors

2023 , Page(s) 187208231209151

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to assess the plausibility of self-control depletion, or ego-depletion, as the underlying cognitive resource responsible for performance decrements on the sustained attention to response task.: Background: Researchers ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to assess the plausibility of self-control depletion, or ego-depletion, as the underlying cognitive resource responsible for performance decrements on the sustained attention to response task. Background: Researchers suggested that self-control is a limited cognitive resource used to complete a myriad of processes, including sustained attention. Past research showed that Methods: This experiment investigated the effect of self-control (trait and state) on a sustained motor-inhibition task (e.g., sustained attention to response task; SART). State self-control was manipulated using a between-subjects design-participants in the experimental condition completed a task designed to deplete state self-control prior to performing the SART while the control condition completed a modified version that did not deplete self-control. Results: Trait self-control predicted performance on the SART, but the depletion task (state self-control) had no detectable effect. Conclusion: Given the evidence, it is unlikely that state self-control plays a causal role in performance decrements in the SART, but there appears to be some association between performance on the SART and trait self-control. Application: Trait self-control ought to be considered in future work for personnel selection in real-world tasks that the SART models such as long-distance driving, air traffic control, and TSA operations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212725-8
ISSN	1547-8181 ; 0018-7208
ISSN (online)	1547-8181
ISSN	0018-7208
DOI	10.1177/00187208231209151
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Article ; Online: The Job Leeway Scale: Initial Evaluation of a Self-report Measure of Health-Related Flexibility and Latitude at Work.

Shaw, William S / Dugan, Alicia G / McGonagle, Alyssa K / Nicholas, Michael K / Tveito, Torill H

Journal of occupational rehabilitation

2023 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 581–591

Abstract: Purpose Evidence suggests that workers manage health-related challenges at work, in part, by using available leeway to perform work differently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Job Leeway Scale (JLS), a new ... ...

Abstract	Purpose Evidence suggests that workers manage health-related challenges at work, in part, by using available leeway to perform work differently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Job Leeway Scale (JLS), a new 18-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess worker perceptions of available flexibility and latitude to manage health-related challenges at work. Methods Workers seeking assistance for workplace difficulties due to chronic medical conditions (n = 119, 83% female, median age = 49) completed the JLS along with other workplace and health measures. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and concurrent validity was assessed by associations with related measures. Results Mean item scores ranged from 2.13 to 4.16 within a possible range of 0-6. The EFA supported three underlying factors: organizational leeway (9 items), task leeway (6 items), and staffing leeway (3 items). Internal consistency (alpha) ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 for subscale scores and 0.94 for the total score. The JLS showed moderate correlations with other work outcome measures including work fatigue, self-efficacy, engagement, and productivity. Conclusion The JLS is a promising new measure with initial support for its reliability and validity to assess worker beliefs of available flexibility to manage health symptoms at work, and this construct may have organizational implications for worker support and accommodation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Self Report ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Chronic Disease ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1171536-4
ISSN	1573-3688 ; 1053-0487
ISSN (online)	1573-3688
ISSN	1053-0487
DOI	10.1007/s10926-023-10095-6
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Article ; Online: Prolonging the Response Movement Reduces Commission Errors in a High-Go, Low-No-Go Target Detection Task and Composite Metrics of Performance Miss This Effect.

Mensen, Justin M / Holland, Steven B / Helton, William S / Shaw, Tyler H / Peterson, Matthew S

Human factors

2022 Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 1118–1131

Abstract: Objective: Expand research on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) to a more applied agricultural target detection/selection task and examine the utility of various performance metrics, including composite measures of speed and accuracy, in a ...

Abstract	Objective: Expand research on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) to a more applied agricultural target detection/selection task and examine the utility of various performance metrics, including composite measures of speed and accuracy, in a High-Go/Low-No-Go stimuli task. Background: Modified SARTs have been utilized to investigate mechanisms, such as failures of response inhibition, occurring in friendly fire and collateral damage incidents. Researchers have demonstrated that composite measures of speed and accuracy are useful for Low Go/High No-Go stimuli tasks, but this has not been demonstrated for High-Go/Low-No-Go tasks, such as the SART. Method: Participants performed a modified SART, where they selected ("sprayed") images of weeds (Go stimuli) that appeared on a computer screen, while withholding to rarer soybean plant images (No-Go stimuli). Results: Response time was a function of distance from a central starting point. Participants committed commission errors (sprayed the soybeans) at a significantly higher rate when the stimuli appeared under the cursor centered on the screen for each trial. Participant's omission errors (failure to spray a weed) increased significantly as a function of distance. The composite measures examined were primarily influenced by response time and omission errors limiting their utility when commission errors are of particular interest. Conclusion: Participants are far more accurate in their decision making when required to execute a longer duration motor task in High-Go/Low-No-Go experiments. Application: Demonstrates a serious human factors liability of target detection and snap-to-target systems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Movement
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212725-8
ISSN	1547-8181 ; 0018-7208
ISSN (online)	1547-8181
ISSN	0018-7208
DOI	10.1177/00187208221127945
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Article: TorsinA is essential for the timing and localization of neuronal nuclear pore complex biogenesis.

Kim, Sumin / Phan, Sébastien / Shaw, Thomas R / Ellisman, Mark H / Veatch, Sarah L / Barmada, Sami J / Pappas, Samuel S / Dauer, William T

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate information transfer between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPC defects are linked to several neurological diseases, but the processes governing NPC biogenesis and spatial organization are poorly understood. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate information transfer between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPC defects are linked to several neurological diseases, but the processes governing NPC biogenesis and spatial organization are poorly understood. Here, we identify a temporal window of strongly upregulated NPC biogenesis during neuronal maturation. We demonstrate that the AAA+ protein torsinA, whose loss of function causes the neurodevelopmental movement disorder DYT-TOR1A (DYT1) dystonia, coordinates NPC spatial organization during this period without impacting total NPC density. Using a new mouse line in which endogenous Nup107 is Halo-Tagged, we find that torsinA is essential for correct localization of NPC formation. In the absence of torsinA, the inner nuclear membrane buds excessively at sites of mislocalized, nascent NPCs, and NPC assembly completion is delayed. Our work implies that NPC spatial organization and number are independently regulated and suggests that torsinA is critical for the normal localization and assembly kinetics of NPCs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.04.26.538491
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