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Article ; Online: Parent and Provider Differences in Ratings of Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Concerns in Children with Neurologic Disorders.

Schwartzman, Jessica M / Williams, Zachary J / Molnar, Andrew E

Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings

2024

Abstract: Children with neurologic disorders face increased risks for mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions, with information often limited to parent report. To better understand mental health and neurodevelopmental needs in this population, a ... ...

Abstract	Children with neurologic disorders face increased risks for mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions, with information often limited to parent report. To better understand mental health and neurodevelopmental needs in this population, a retrospective chart review of a convenience sample of children with neurologic disorders referred for a neuropsychological evaluation was conducted in the present study to explore interrater agreement between care team members (referring providers, parents, pediatric neuropsychologist). Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the evaluation reports of 129 youth (9:0-17:11 years old; 51.2% of female sex) with neurologic disorders (i.e., 38.0% traumatic brain injury, 27.1% epilepsy, 14.7% premature birth, 7.8% pediatric cancer, 3.9% prenatal substance exposure, and 14.7% other) who completed an evaluation in 2019. Over half the youth were flagged for unmet neurodevelopmental and mental health concerns and analyses revealed low interrater agreement for mental health concerns (κ = .324), better agreement for neurodevelopmental concerns (κ = .511), and low sensitivity of referring providers (Se = .326) and parents (Se = .366). One-way analyses of variance uncovered important factors (e.g., symptom severity, adaptive skills) that may account for missed concerns. Findings guide recommendations to strengthen methods for understanding mental health and/or neurodevelopmental concerns in children with neurologic disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1235893-9
ISSN	1573-3572 ; 1068-9583
ISSN (online)	1573-3572
ISSN	1068-9583
DOI	10.1007/s10880-023-09990-0
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Article ; Online: Pharmacist-Driven Alcohol Use Disorder Screening May Increase Inpatient Utilization of Extended-Release Naltrexone: A Single Center Pilot Study.

Snyder, Sabrina / Butala, Niyati / Williams, Andrew M / Kneebusch, Jamie

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Individuals with mental illness have a high incidence of comorbid substance use, with one of the most prevalent being alcohol use disorder (AUD). Naltrexone, FDA-approved for AUD, decreases reward associated with alcohol-related social cues. This study ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with mental illness have a high incidence of comorbid substance use, with one of the most prevalent being alcohol use disorder (AUD). Naltrexone, FDA-approved for AUD, decreases reward associated with alcohol-related social cues. This study aimed to determine if a pharmacist-driven screening tool would increase the use of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) in patients with AUD and a comorbid psychiatric condition. Pharmacists screened and recommended XR-NTX for adults admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit, who had a DSM-5 diagnosis of AUD, a negative urine drug screen for opioids, and were hospitalized for at least 1 day. Endpoints evaluated included the number of XR-NTX doses administered during the screening period to the prescreening period, 30-day readmission rates, recommendation acceptance rates, and reasons for not administering XR-NTX. Pharmacists identified 66 of 641 screened patients who met the inclusion criteria and were candidates for XR-NTX. Compared to the preintervention period, more patients received XR-NTX for AUD (2 vs. 8). Readmission rates were similar between those with AUD who received XR-NTX and those who did not. Pharmacist-driven screening for AUD led to greater administration of XR-NTX when compared to the same 4-month period the year prior to initiating the study.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2737194-3
ISSN	2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
ISSN (online)	2226-4787
ISSN	2226-4787
DOI	10.3390/pharmacy12010026
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Article: Addressing Social Determinants of Vision Health.

Williams, Andrew M / Sahel, José-Alain

Ophthalmology and therapy

2022 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 1371–1382

Abstract: Social determinants of health encompass the quality of an individual's social and physical environment and its effect on health outcomes. Disparities in these social and environmental factors have a significant role in vision health disparities and ... ...

Abstract	Social determinants of health encompass the quality of an individual's social and physical environment and its effect on health outcomes. Disparities in these social and environmental factors have a significant role in vision health disparities and inequity in eye care. In this review, we discuss how disparities in visual impairment and eye care utilization are affected by each of the five core domains of social determinants of health, namely economic stability (income, employment, and food security), education (education level and health literacy), health care access (insurance and medical costs), neighborhood environment (housing conditions, home ownership, pollution, and crime), and social context (race and racism). Moreover, we describe a framework by which ophthalmologists can take action to address social determinants of vision health. These actionable strategies are guided by recommendations from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and have five complementary components to address social needs: awareness (screening for social needs), assistance (connecting patients with social care resources), adjustment (altering clinical care in recognition of social needs), alignment (understanding social assets and collaborating with community organizations), and advocacy (promoting policies to address social needs). Addressing social determinants of health is complex but achievable through collaborative strategies. Ophthalmologists have an important leadership role in addressing eye care disparities by taking action on underlying social determinants of vision health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2193-8245
ISSN	2193-8245
DOI	10.1007/s40123-022-00531-w
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Article: Wildflower plantings enhance nesting opportunities for soil-nesting bees.

Williams, Neal M / Buderi, Andrew / Rowe, Logan / Ward, Kimiora

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

2024 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) e2935

Abstract: Ongoing declines of bees and other pollinators are driven in part by the loss of critical floral resources and nesting substrates. Most conservation/restoration efforts for bees aim to enhance floral abundance and continuity but often assume the same ... ...

Abstract	Ongoing declines of bees and other pollinators are driven in part by the loss of critical floral resources and nesting substrates. Most conservation/restoration efforts for bees aim to enhance floral abundance and continuity but often assume the same actions will bolster nesting opportunities. Recent research suggests that habitat plantings may not always provide both forage and nesting resources. We evaluated wildflower plantings designed to augment floral resources to determine their ability to enhance nesting by soil-nesting bees over 3 study years in Northern California agricultural landscapes. We established wildflower plantings along borders of annual row crops and paired each with an unplanted control border. We used soil emergence traps to assess nest densities and species richness of soil-nesting bees from spring through late summer at paired field borders planted with wildflowers or maintained conventionally as bare or sparsely vegetated areas, as is typical for the region. We also quantified soil-surface characteristics and flower resources among borders. Wildflower plantings significantly increased nest densities and the richness of bee species using them. Such benefits occurred within the first year of planting and persisted up to 4 years post establishment. The composition of nesting bee communities also differed between wildflower and unenhanced borders. Wildflower plantings differed from controls in multiple characteristics of the soil surface, including vegetation cover, surface microtopography and hardness. Surprisingly, only vegetation cover significantly affected nest densities and species richness. Wildflower plantings are a widespread habitat action with the potential to support wild bees. The demonstrated benefit wildflower plantings had for increasing the nesting of soil-nesting bees greatly augments their relevance for the conservation of wild bee communities in agricultural and other landscapes. Identifying soil-surface characteristics that are important for nesting provides critical information to guide the implementation and management of habitats for bees.
MeSH term(s)	Bees ; Animals ; Soil ; Agriculture ; Crops, Agricultural ; Flowers ; Seasons
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1002/eap.2935
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Article ; Online: In vivo through-range passive stiffness of the lumbar spine: a meta-analysis of measurements and methods.

Watt, Andrew A / Callaway, Andrew J / Williams, Jonathan M

Medical & biological engineering & computing

2022 Volume 60, Issue 8, Page(s) 2133–2157

Abstract: Passive spinal stiffness is an important property thought to play a significant role in controlling spinal position and movement. Measuring through-range passive stiffness in vivo is challenging with several methods offered in the literature. Currently, ... ...

Abstract	Passive spinal stiffness is an important property thought to play a significant role in controlling spinal position and movement. Measuring through-range passive stiffness in vivo is challenging with several methods offered in the literature. Currently, no synthesis of values or methods exists to which to compare literature to. This study aims to provide a contemporary review and quantitative synthesis of the through-range in vivo passive lumbar spinal stiffness values for each of the cardinal planes of movement. A structured systematic search, following PRISMA guidelines, of 28 electronic databases was conducted in 2022. Articles were restricted to peer-reviewed English language studies investigating in vivo through-range passive stiffness of the lumbar spine. Thirteen studies were included, ten relating to flexion/extension, four to lateral bending and five to axial rotation. Average stiffness values, as weighted means and confidence intervals, for each of the four sections of the moment-movement curves were synthesised for all planes of movement. Lateral bending was found to be the comparatively stiffest movement followed by flexion and then axial rotation. Future research should focus on the validity and reliability of measurement techniques. Axial rotation would also benefit from further study of its latter stages of range.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rotation
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
ZDB-ID	282327-5
ISSN	1741-0444 ; 0025-696X ; 0140-0118
ISSN (online)	1741-0444
ISSN	0025-696X ; 0140-0118
DOI	10.1007/s11517-022-02609-w
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Zs.A 294: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The utility of vertebral Hounsfield units as a prognostic indicator of adverse events following treatment of spinal epidural abscess.

Crawford, Alexander M / Striano, Brendan M / Amakiri, Ikechukwu C / Williams, Donnell L / Lindsey, Matthew H / Gong, Jonathan / Simpson, Andrew K / Schoenfeld, Andrew J

North American Spine Society journal

2024 Volume 17, Page(s) 100308

Abstract: Background: Spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) are a devastating condition with high levels of associated morbidity and mortality. Hounsfield units (HUs), a marker of radiodensity on CT scans, have previously been correlated with adverse events following ... ...

Abstract	Background: Spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) are a devastating condition with high levels of associated morbidity and mortality. Hounsfield units (HUs), a marker of radiodensity on CT scans, have previously been correlated with adverse events following spinal interventions. We evaluated whether HUs might also be associated with all-cause complications and/or mortality in this high-risk population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out within an academic health system in the United States. Adults diagnosed with a SEA between 2006 and 2021 and who also had a CT scan characterizing their SEA within 6 months of diagnosis were considered. HUs were abstracted from the 4 vertebral bodies nearest to, but not including, the infected levels. Our primary outcome was the presence of composite 90-day complications and HUs represented the primary predictor. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted adjusting for demographic and disease-specific confounders. In sensitivity testing, separate logistic regression analyses were conducted (1) in patients aged 65 and older and (2) with mortality as the primary outcome. Results: Our cohort consisted of 399 patients. The overall incidence of 90-day complications was 61.2% (n=244), with a 7.8% (n=31) 90-day mortality rate. Those experiencing complications were more likely to have undergone surgery to treat their SEA (58.6% vs. 46.5%; p=.018) but otherwise the cohorts were similar. HUs were not associated with composite 90-day complications (Odds ratio [OR] 1.00 [95% CI 1.00-1.00]; p=.842). Similar findings were noted in sensitivity testing. Conclusions: While HUs have previously been correlated with adverse events in certain clinical contexts, we found no evidence to suggest that HUs are associated with all-cause complications or mortality in patients with SEAs. Future research hoping to leverage 3-dimensional imaging as a prognostic measure in this patient population should focus on alternative targets. Level of evidence: Level III; Observational Cohort study.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5484
ISSN (online)	2666-5484
DOI	10.1016/j.xnsj.2024.100308
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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics of Envarsus in pediatric kidney transplant recipients - phase 1 pilot conversion study.

Kim, Jon Jin / Lawless, Laura / Marshall, David / Maxted, Andrew / Lunn, Andrew / Mallik, Meeta / Williams, Alun

Pediatric transplantation

2024 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) e14703

Abstract: ... no difference in eGFR at the study's end (1.5 mL/min/1.73 m: Conclusion: Our pilot study confirms ...

Abstract	Introduction: Tacrolimus is the standard immunosuppressant for pediatric kidney transplants and is routinely administered twice daily (BD-tac). Envarsus (LCP-tac), an extended-release formulation, is approved for adults but not for pediatric patients. Methods: We conducted a pilot open-label phase 1 study in stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients (age < 18 at the time of study). Our primary objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics (Pk) of LCP-tac versus BD-tac. We conducted two 24-h Pk studies: pre-conversion (BD-tac) and 4 weeks post-conversion to LCP-tac. Patients were followed for 6 months, with the option to continue LCP-tac. Results: Five patients completed the study, with no returns to BD-tac. Median age was 15 years (range 11-17). LCP-tac exhibited an extended-release profile versus the bimodal profile of BD-tac. Time to maximum concentration was delayed (5 h vs. 1 h), and maximum concentration was lower (9.9 ng/mL vs. 14.4 ng/mL). Tacrolimus area under the curve (24 h) was comparable (141 ± 46.5 ng/mL vs. 164 ± 27.8 ng/mL). No new safety concerns arose. There were no rejection and no difference in eGFR at the study's end (1.5 mL/min/1.73 m Conclusion: Our pilot study confirms the extended-release Pk profile and improved absorption of LCP-tac compared to BD-tac. A larger study is needed to further evaluate the population Pk characteristics in children.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Tacrolimus ; Kidney Transplantation ; Pilot Projects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Transplant Recipients
Chemical Substances	Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM) ; Immunosuppressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-03
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1390284-2
ISSN	1399-3046 ; 1397-3142
ISSN (online)	1399-3046
ISSN	1397-3142
DOI	10.1111/petr.14703
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Zs.A 4947: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review.

Hathaway, Isaac / Momodu, Oshiokhe Esther / Williams, David M / Beamish, Andrew J / Barry, Jonathan / Stephens, Jeffrey W

Obesity surgery

2024

Abstract: Since a previous systematic review published in 2016, there have been further studies investigating the association of changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery. All studies since the original review that reported at least one element of ... ...

Abstract	Since a previous systematic review published in 2016, there have been further studies investigating the association of changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery. All studies since the original review that reported at least one element of cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery were eligible. A total of 137 additional studies were identified; 13 were included in addition to the 18 studies previously. Almost all studies reported improvements in at least one domain. Most revealed improvements were limited to a few domains and were not universal. Further findings investigated cognitive function improvement in relation to procedure choice, and mental health or quality of life post-surgery. Further high-powered studies are still necessary, but these findings support the impact of bariatric surgery on cognitive function in obesity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1070827-3
ISSN	1708-0428 ; 0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
ISSN	0960-8923
DOI	10.1007/s11695-024-07235-z
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Zs.A 3381: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Meaningful community engagement and involvement in global health and research: 'Changing mindsets with a million conversations' in Sierra Leone.

November, Lucy / Kamara, Mangenda / Kamara, Philemon / Thomas, Suzanne / Kingsford, Appiah M / Shennan, Andrew H / Sandall, Jane / Turienzo, Cristina Fernandez / Williams, Prince T

Journal of global health

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 3019

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sierra Leone ; Global Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.14.03019
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Article ; Online: Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units used to measure motion of the lumbar spine: A systematic review of individuals with and without low back pain.

McClintock, Frederick A / Callaway, Andrew J / Clark, Carol J / Williams, Jonathan M

Medical engineering & physics

2024 Volume 126, Page(s) 104146

Abstract: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, resulting in aberrant movement. This movement is difficult to measure accurately in clinical practice and gold standard methods, such as optoelectronic systems involve the use of expensive laboratory ... ...

Abstract	Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, resulting in aberrant movement. This movement is difficult to measure accurately in clinical practice and gold standard methods, such as optoelectronic systems involve the use of expensive laboratory equipment. Inertial measurement units (IMU) offer an alternative method of quantifying movement that is accessible in most environments. However, there is no consensus around the validity and reliability of IMUs for quantifying lumbar spine movements compared with gold standard measures. The aim of this systematic review was to establish concurrent validity and repeated measures reliability of using IMUs for the measurement of lumbar spine movements in individuals with and without LBP. A systematic search of electronic databases, incorporating PRISMA guidelines was completed, limited to the English language. 503 studies were identified where 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 305 individuals were included, and 109 of these individuals had LBP. Weighted synthesis of the results demonstrated root mean squared differences of <2.4° compared to the gold standard and intraclass correlations >0.84 for lumbar spine movements. IMUs offer clinicians and researchers valid and reliable measurement of motion in the lumbar spine, comparable to laboratory methods, such as optoelectronic motion capture for individuals with and without LBP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Low Back Pain/diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Movement
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1181080-4
ISSN	1873-4030 ; 1350-4533
ISSN (online)	1873-4030
ISSN	1350-4533
DOI	10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104146
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