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Article ; Online: Influence of a Survival Swimming Training Programme on Water Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial among Young Adults in Sri Lanka.

Ekanayaka, Jeewanthika / Geok, Chan Kim / Matthews, Bernadette / Dharmaratne, Samath D

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 21

Abstract: Drowning among young adults is high in Sri Lanka. Water safety education is a recommended strategy for drowning prevention but is often overlooked for young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted educational intervention, " ... ...

Abstract	Drowning among young adults is high in Sri Lanka. Water safety education is a recommended strategy for drowning prevention but is often overlooked for young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted educational intervention, "Swim for Safety" on improving water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills among undergraduates (19-28 years) in Sri Lanka. This study employed a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial design. The intervention group (
MeSH term(s)	Drowning/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Sri Lanka ; Swimming ; Water ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph182111428
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Disastrous but preventable: Road traffic accidents.

Davidson, Patricia M / Dharmaratne, Samath D

Health care for women international

2016 Volume 37, Issue 7, Page(s) 706

Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632677-8
ISSN	1096-4665 ; 0739-9332
ISSN (online)	1096-4665
ISSN	0739-9332
DOI	10.1080/07399332.2016.1199654
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of aerophagia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rajindrajith, Shaman / Gunawardane, Damitha / Kuruppu, Chandrani / Dharmaratne, Samath D / Gunawardena, Nipul K / Devanarayana, Niranga M

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0271494

Abstract: Background: Aerophagia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder among children. The disease leads to symptoms related to air in the intestine leading to burping, abdominal distension, and excessive flatus. We aimed to perform a systematic review ...

Abstract	Background: Aerophagia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder among children. The disease leads to symptoms related to air in the intestine leading to burping, abdominal distension, and excessive flatus. We aimed to perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of aerophagia in children. Methods: We conducted a thorough electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) search for all epidemiological surveys conducted in children on aerophagia. All selected studies were assessed for their scientific quality and the extracted data were pooled to create a pooled prevalence of aerophagia. Results: The initial search identified 76 titles. After screening and in depth reviewing, 19 studies representing data from 21 countries with 40129 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis. All studies have used standard Rome definitions to diagnose aerophagia. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was 3.66% (95% Confidence interval 2.44-5.12). There was significant heterogeneity between studies [I2 98.06% with 95% Confidence interval 97.70-98.37). There was no gender difference in prevalence of aerophagia in children. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was highest in Asia (5.13%) compared to other geographical regions. Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found aerophagia has a significant prevalence across the world.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Aerophagy/diagnosis ; Aerophagy/epidemiology ; Child ; Eructation ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271494
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Article ; Online: Sri Lanka and the possibilities of achieving universal health coverage in a poor country.

Chapman, Audrey R / Dharmaratne, Samath D

Global public health

2018 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 271–283

Abstract: Sri Lanka has been lauded for providing good health coverage at a low cost despite having a modest per capita income. This article identifies the unique historical factors that enabled Sri Lanka to achieve near universal coverage, but it also discusses ... ...

Abstract	Sri Lanka has been lauded for providing good health coverage at a low cost despite having a modest per capita income. This article identifies the unique historical factors that enabled Sri Lanka to achieve near universal coverage, but it also discusses how this achievement is now being undermined by inadequate government investment in health services, the burdens of non-communicable diseases, and the growing privatisation of health services. In doing so, the article highlights the challenges of achieving and maintaining universal health coverage in a relatively low income country with a health system designed to treat infectious diseases and provide child and maternal health services as the country undergoes an epidemiological transition from infectious to non-communicable diseases. Using updated information on developments in the Sri Lankan health system, this article argues, in contrast with earlier publications, that Sri Lanka is no longer providing good health at a low cost. It shows that Sri Lanka's low investment in health is detrimental and not an asset to achieving good health. The article also questions the possibilities of providing coverage for noncommunicable diseases at a low cost. The article has four main sections. The first details Sri Lanka's accomplishments in moving toward universal health coverage. The second identifies the factors enabling Sri Lanka to do so. The third describes the equity and access challenges the health system now confronts. The fourth assesses what the Sri Lankan experience suggests about the requirements for universal health coverage when providing health services for treating non-communicable diseases becomes an important consideration.
MeSH term(s)	Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Services Accessibility ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Poverty ; Sri Lanka ; Universal Health Insurance/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2234129-8
ISSN	1744-1706 ; 1744-1692
ISSN (online)	1744-1706
ISSN	1744-1692
DOI	10.1080/17441692.2018.1501080
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Article ; Online: Spatial distribution of COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka.

Galgamuwa, Lahiru Sandaruwan / Liyanawahunge, Nishan Madhushanka / Ratnayake, Chamilka Gayashini / Hakmanage, Navodi Mekala / Aslam, Fahim / Dharmaratne, Samath D

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1755

Abstract: Background: A new type of viral pneumonia, which has been named Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has spread across the world since then. It has claimed more than 370 million confirmed cases and over 5.6 million ... ...

Abstract	Background: A new type of viral pneumonia, which has been named Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has spread across the world since then. It has claimed more than 370 million confirmed cases and over 5.6 million deaths have been reported globally by the end of January 2022. This study aimed to analyze the trends, highly-nuanced patterns, and related key results relative to COVID-19 epidemiology in Sri Lanka. Methods: Data on COVID-19 from March 2020 to January 2022 were obtained from published databases maintained by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka and information regarding populations in administrative districts was obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. Descriptive spatiotemporal analysis and autocorrelations were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: In Sri Lanka, the first case of COVID-19 was a Chinese national and the first local case was identified in the second week of March. As of 31 Conclusions: COVID-19 is an emerging public health problem in Western and Southern Sri Lanka where the population density is high. A decreasing trend of COVID-19 cases showed in all provinces after September 2021. Public awareness programs for the prevention and control of the disease in endemic regions are essential to reduce the incidence of this infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Asian People ; Censuses ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-16481-2
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Article ; Online: Influence of a Survival Swimming Training Programme on Water Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills

Jeewanthika Ekanayaka / Chan Kim Geok / Bernadette Matthews / Samath D. Dharmaratne

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11428, p

A Randomized Controlled Trial among Young Adults in Sri Lanka

2021 Volume 11428

Abstract	Drowning among young adults is high in Sri Lanka. Water safety education is a recommended strategy for drowning prevention but is often overlooked for young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted educational intervention, “Swim for Safety” on improving water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills among undergraduates (19–28 years) in Sri Lanka. This study employed a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial design. The intervention group ( n = 78) received a face-to-face, 12-lesson education programme, and the control group ( n = 78) received a brochure and weekly mobile phone messages for six consecutive weeks. Baseline, post-intervention and three-month follow-up knowledge, attitudes and skills were evaluated. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and skills were evaluated following a skills assessment protocol. In total 116 participants, 60 intervention group and 56 control group, completed the study. At baseline there were no differences between groups in median scores of water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant increases in median water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skill scores compared with the control group, following the intervention and maintained at three-month follow-up ( p < 0.05). The adapted Swim for Safety programme significantly improved water safety knowledge, attitudes, and survival swimming skills among young adults in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is recommended that the SfS programme be implemented widely to prevent drowning in young adults.
Keywords	drowning ; water safety knowledge ; water safety attitudes ; survival swimming skills ; water safety education ; young adults ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Morbidity pattern in individuals seeking treatment in primary medical care units in the division of the ampara regional director of health services, Sri Lanka and related costs

Sameera Hewage / Samath D. Dharmaratne

Annals of Global Health, Vol 82, Iss

2016 Volume 3

Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016.

Galgamuwa, Lahiru Sandaruwan / Dharmaratne, Samath D / Iddawela, Devika

Parasites & vectors

2018 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 60

Abstract: Background: Leishmaniasis is listed as one of the eight neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization and the number of cases in endemic areas has seen a sharp rise in the past decade. More alarmingly, reports have shown that ... ...

Abstract	Background: Leishmaniasis is listed as one of the eight neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization and the number of cases in endemic areas has seen a sharp rise in the past decade. More alarmingly, reports have shown that leishmaniasis is spreading to non-endemic areas of the world due to co-infection with HIV. In Sri Lanka, leishmaniasis is considered as a notifiable disease from 2008 and has seen a rising trend of incidence since then. This is the first study describing the burden, seasonal variation and spatial distribution of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka since the disease has been included as a notifiable disease. Methods: Data on health statistics from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from published databases maintained by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka. Climatic data for Sri Lanka were obtained from the Department of Meteorology and the populations in administrative districts were obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. Descriptive spatiotemporal analysis, correlation between leishmaniasis incidence and climatic variables were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: The total number of people reported with leishmaniasis during the study period was 8487. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the prominent form in Sri Lanka while few visceral and muco-cutaneous cases were reported. Although leishmaniasis patients were identified from all 25 districts in the island, almost 90% of the total caseload was reported from Anuradhapura, Hambantota, Polonnaruwa, Kurunegala and Matara districts. The highest number of patients was reported from the Anuradhapura district and the highest incidence per 100,000 persons was reported from the Hambantota district. The disease has a seasonal trend, a peak of leishmaniasis occur in July to September in the north-central region and in October to December in the southern region. Maximum temperature, humidity and wind speed are significantly associated climatic variables with leishmaniasis in endemic regions. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis is an emerging public health problem in north-central and southern Sri Lanka. Public awareness programs for the prevention and control of the disease in endemic regions are essential to reduce the incidence of leishmaniasis.
MeSH term(s)	Climate ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leishmaniasis/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Topography, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-2647-5
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of aerophagia in children and adolescents

Shaman Rajindrajith / Damitha Gunawardane / Chandrani Kuruppu / Samath D Dharmaratne / Nipul K Gunawardena / Niranga M Devanarayana

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2022 Volume 0271494

Abstract: Background Aerophagia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder among children. The disease leads to symptoms related to air in the intestine leading to burping, abdominal distension, and excessive flatus. We aimed to perform a systematic review ... ...

Abstract	Background Aerophagia is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder among children. The disease leads to symptoms related to air in the intestine leading to burping, abdominal distension, and excessive flatus. We aimed to perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of aerophagia in children. Methods We conducted a thorough electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) search for all epidemiological surveys conducted in children on aerophagia. All selected studies were assessed for their scientific quality and the extracted data were pooled to create a pooled prevalence of aerophagia. Results The initial search identified 76 titles. After screening and in depth reviewing, 19 studies representing data from 21 countries with 40129 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis. All studies have used standard Rome definitions to diagnose aerophagia. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was 3.66% (95% Confidence interval 2.44-5.12). There was significant heterogeneity between studies [I2 98.06% with 95% Confidence interval 97.70-98.37). There was no gender difference in prevalence of aerophagia in children. The pooled prevalence of aerophagia was highest in Asia (5.13%) compared to other geographical regions. Conclusion In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found aerophagia has a significant prevalence across the world.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infections in relation to undernutrition among children in a tea plantation community, Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.

Galgamuwa, Lahiru Sandaruwan / Iddawela, Devika / Dharmaratne, Samath D

BMC pediatrics

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Background: Ascaris lumbricoides infections are one of the commonnest intestinal nematode infections in the world, with a profound negative effect on nutritional status among underprivileged populations. In Sri Lanka, Ascaris infections and low ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ascaris lumbricoides infections are one of the commonnest intestinal nematode infections in the world, with a profound negative effect on nutritional status among underprivileged populations. In Sri Lanka, Ascaris infections and low nutritional status still persist in the plantation sector. However, research regarding the association between Ascaris infections and nutritional status is scarce. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association between Ascaris infections and physical growth among children in a plantation sector in Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 489 children aged between 1 and 12 years ina plantation sector, Sri Lanka, from January to April 2013. Anthropometric measurements were collected to assess height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) to determine stunting, underweight and wasting respectively. Data on socio-demographic and antihelminthic treatment were ascertained using an interviewer administrated structured questionnaire. Stool samples were subjected to wet mount preparation followed byformaldehyde-ether sedimentation technique to diagnose Ascaris infection and a Kato Katz technique was performed to determine the eggs intensity. AnthroPlus, EpiInfo and SPSS software was used to analyze data. Results: Of the study sample, 38.4% showed Ascaris lumbricoides infections. Light intensity infections (51%) were common in the infected children, followed by moderate (30%) and heavy (19%) infections. Prevalence of Ascaris infections was significantly associated with de-worming more than six months prior to the study. Prevalence of undernutrition among children was 61.7%. Forty-five per cent were underweight, while 24.1% and 21.5% of children were stunted and wasted respectively. However, no significant association was found between Ascaris infections status and undernutrition. Meanwhile, heavy intensity infections were associated with decreased values of WHZ (p = 0.020). Conclusions: Ascaris infections and undernutrition are still highly prevalent and a major public health problem in the plantation sector in Sri Lanka. Health and nutrition intervention programs should be implemented to increase the nutritional status of children.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Animals ; Ascariasis/complications ; Ascariasis/diagnosis ; Ascariasis/epidemiology ; Ascaris lumbricoides/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Growth Disorders/complications ; Growth Disorders/diagnosis ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/parasitology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malnutrition/complications ; Malnutrition/diagnosis ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Malnutrition/parasitology ; Prevalence ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Tea ; Wasting Syndrome/complications ; Wasting Syndrome/diagnosis ; Wasting Syndrome/epidemiology ; Wasting Syndrome/parasitology
Chemical Substances	Tea
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041342-7
ISSN	1471-2431 ; 1471-2431
ISSN (online)	1471-2431
ISSN	1471-2431
DOI	10.1186/s12887-018-0984-3
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