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Article ; Online: Breaking Bad

D'Angelo, Alexa B / Grov, Christian / Johnson, Jeremiah / Freudenberg, Nicholas

2021 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 1523–1536

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to the topic of challenging drug patents in the interest of public health. Pharmaceutical companies have already begun to patent existing medicines for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2, ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to the topic of challenging drug patents in the interest of public health. Pharmaceutical companies have already begun to patent existing medicines for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2, affording them exclusive manufacturing rights over vital medicines. Advocates have raised concerns regarding the pricing of COVID-19 drugs, as well as patent monopolies on the manufacture of COVID-19 treatments. The HIV/AIDS pandemic provides a useful lens through which we can analyse existing pathways for challenging pharmaceutical patents in the context of global pandemic. In this article, we review three legal pathways for overriding and seizing patents on medicines by describing cases in which they were employed to make antiretroviral drugs more accessible to people living with HIV. Last, we highlight the weaknesses inherent in these pathways and offer advocacy and policy suggestions for how to strengthen these pathways to improve access to COVID-19 treatments as they become available in the United States and globally.
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2234129-8
ISSN	1744-1706 ; 1744-1706
ISSN (online)	1744-1706
ISSN	1744-1706
DOI	10.1080/17441692.2021.1924223
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Article ; Online: Morel-LAvallee lesion initially diagnosed as quadriceps contusion: ultrasound, MRI, and importance of early intervention.

Weiss, Nicholas A / Johnson, Jeremiah J / Anderson, Shane B

The western journal of emergency medicine

2015 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 438–441

Abstract: Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLL) are rare, closed degloving injuries caused by trauma that delivers a shearing force to the soft tissue most commonly of the hip. If not treated in the acute and subacute setting these lesions are often complicated by re- ... ...

Abstract	Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLL) are rare, closed degloving injuries caused by trauma that delivers a shearing force to the soft tissue most commonly of the hip. If not treated in the acute and subacute setting these lesions are often complicated by re-accumulation of fluid, infection, or chronic pain. We present a unique case of a recurrent, massive medial knee/thigh MLL in which proper treatment was delayed due to initial diagnosis of a quadriceps contusion. We describe the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of this patient and based on a review of recent literature propose that the initial management should have included early drainage/debridement, which likely could have prevented recurrence and significantly shortened the clinical course.
MeSH term(s)	Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Debridement/methods ; Delayed Diagnosis/adverse effects ; Drainage/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/diagnosis ; Knee Injuries/pathology ; Knee Injuries/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Patella/pathology ; Recurrence ; Soft Tissue Injuries/diagnosis ; Soft Tissue Injuries/pathology ; Soft Tissue Injuries/therapy ; Thigh/pathology ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-900X
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-900X
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2015.3.25148
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Article: Analysis of Patient Factors Affecting In Vitro Characteristics of Subacromial Bursal Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells during Rotator Cuff Repair.

Morikawa, Daichi / Hawthorne, Benjamin C / McCarthy, Mary Beth R / Bellas, Nicholas / Johnson, Jeremiah D / Trudeau, Maxwell T / Murphy, Kyle V / Mancini, Michael R / LeVasseur, Matthew R / Cote, Mark P / Mazzocca, Augustus D

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 17

Abstract: Unsatisfactory failure rates following rotator cuff (RC) repair have led orthopaedic surgeons to explore biological augmentation of the healing enthesis. The subacromial bursa (SB) contains abundant connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) that may aid ... ...

Abstract	Unsatisfactory failure rates following rotator cuff (RC) repair have led orthopaedic surgeons to explore biological augmentation of the healing enthesis. The subacromial bursa (SB) contains abundant connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) that may aid in this process. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of patient demographics and tear characteristics on the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and nucleated cell count (NCC) of SB-derived CTPs. In this study, we harvested SB tissue over the supraspinatus tendon and muscle in 19 patients during arthroscopic RC repair. NCC of each sample was analyzed on the day of the procedure. After 14 days, CFUs were evaluated under a microscope. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was then used to determine the relationship between CFUs or NCC and patient demographics or tear characteristics. The study found no significant correlation between patient demographics and the number of CFUs or NCC of CTPs derived from the SB (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10174006
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Book ; Online: Structured Prediction using cGANs with Fusion Discriminator

Mahmood, Faisal / Xu, Wenhao / Durr, Nicholas J. / Johnson, Jeremiah W. / Yuille, Alan

2019

Abstract: We propose the fusion discriminator, a single unified framework for incorporating conditional information into a generative adversarial network (GAN) for a variety of distinct structured prediction tasks, including image synthesis, semantic segmentation, ...

Abstract	We propose the fusion discriminator, a single unified framework for incorporating conditional information into a generative adversarial network (GAN) for a variety of distinct structured prediction tasks, including image synthesis, semantic segmentation, and depth estimation. Much like commonly used convolutional neural network -- conditional Markov random field (CNN-CRF) models, the proposed method is able to enforce higher-order consistency in the model, but without being limited to a very specific class of potentials. The method is conceptually simple and flexible, and our experimental results demonstrate improvement on several diverse structured prediction tasks. Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Publishing date	2019-04-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analysis of Patient Factors Affecting In Vitro Characteristics of Subacromial Bursal Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells during Rotator Cuff Repair

Daichi Morikawa / Benjamin C. Hawthorne / Mary Beth R. McCarthy / Nicholas Bellas / Jeremiah D. Johnson / Maxwell T. Trudeau / Kyle V. Murphy / Michael R. Mancini / Matthew R. LeVasseur / Mark P. Cote / Augustus D. Mazzocca

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4006, p

2021 Volume 4006

Abstract	Unsatisfactory failure rates following rotator cuff (RC) repair have led orthopaedic surgeons to explore biological augmentation of the healing enthesis. The subacromial bursa (SB) contains abundant connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) that may aid in this process. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of patient demographics and tear characteristics on the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and nucleated cell count (NCC) of SB-derived CTPs. In this study, we harvested SB tissue over the supraspinatus tendon and muscle in 19 patients during arthroscopic RC repair. NCC of each sample was analyzed on the day of the procedure. After 14 days, CFUs were evaluated under a microscope. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was then used to determine the relationship between CFUs or NCC and patient demographics or tear characteristics. The study found no significant correlation between patient demographics and the number of CFUs or NCC of CTPs derived from the SB ( p > 0.05). The study did significantly observe that increased tear size was negatively correlated with the number of CFUs ( p < 0.05). These results indicated that increased tear size, but not patient demographics, may influence the viability of CTPs and should be considered when augmenting RCrepairs with SB.
Keywords	subacromial bursa ; rotator cuff ; mesenchymal stem cells ; connective tissue progenitors ; shoulder ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Intraoperative and In Vitro Classification of Subacromial Bursal Tissue.

Baldino, Joshua B / Muench, Lukas N / Kia, Cameron / Johnson, Jeremiah / Morikawa, Daichi / Tamburini, Lisa / Landry, Arthur / Gordon-Hackshaw, Lemuel / Bellas, Nicholas / McCarthy, Mary Beth / Cote, Mark P / Mazzocca, Augustus D

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

2020 Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 2057–2068

Abstract: Purpose: To classify subacromial bursal tissue using intraoperative and in vitro characteristics from specimens harvested during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.: Methods: Subacromial bursa was harvested over the rotator cuff from 48 patients (57 ± 10 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To classify subacromial bursal tissue using intraoperative and in vitro characteristics from specimens harvested during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Methods: Subacromial bursa was harvested over the rotator cuff from 48 patients (57 ± 10 years) undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Specimens were characterized intraoperatively by location (over rotator cuff tendon or muscle), tissue quality (percent of either fatty or fibrous infiltration), and vascularity before complete debridement. Nucleated cell counts were determined after 3 weeks incubation and histological sections were reviewed for degree of fatty infiltration and vascularity. Mesenchymal stem cell surface markers were counted via flow cytometry (n = 3) and cellular migration was observed using a fluoroscopic assay (n = 3). Results: Intraoperatively, muscle bursa was found most often to have >50% fatty infiltration (n = 39), whereas tendon bursa showed majority fibrous tissue (n = 32). Cellular proliferation did not significantly differ according to intraoperative tissue quality. Intraoperative vascularity was associated with greater proliferation for highly vascular samples (P = 0.023). Tendon bursa demonstrated significantly greater proliferation potential than muscle bursa (P = 0.00015). Histologic assessment of fatty infiltration was moderately correlated with gross tissue fattiness (ρ = -0.626, P = 7.14 × 10 Conclusions: Intraoperative and in vitro subacromial bursa characteristics were not found to reliably correlate with the degree of cellular proliferation. However, the anatomic location of subacromial bursa was consistently predictive of increased proliferation potential. Bursa-derived nucleated cells were confirmed to include mesenchymal stem cells with migratory potential. Clinical relevance: The anatomic distinction between muscle and tendon bursa provides a simple classification for predicting cellular activity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Biopsy ; Bursa, Synovial/pathology ; Bursa, Synovial/surgery ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/pathology ; Joint Diseases/surgery ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Shoulder/pathology ; Shoulder/surgery ; Shoulder Joint/pathology ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Tendons/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632528-2
ISSN	1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
ISSN (online)	1526-3231
ISSN	0749-8063
DOI	10.1016/j.arthro.2020.03.039
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Article ; Online: Morel-Lavallee Lesion Initially Diagnosed as Quadriceps Contusion

Weiss, Nicholas A. / Johnson, Jeremiah J. / Anderson, Shane B.

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 16, Iss 3, Pp 438-

Ultrasound, MRI, and Importance of Early Intervention

2015 Volume 441

Abstract	Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLL) are rare, closed degloving injuries caused by trauma that delivers a shearing force to the soft tissue most commonly of the hip. If not treated in the acute and subacute setting these lesions are often complicated by re- accumulation of fluid, infection, or chronic pain. We present a unique case of a recurrent, massive medial knee/thigh MLL in which proper treatment was delayed due to initial diagnosis of a quadriceps contusion. We describe the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of this patient and based on a review of recent literature propose that the initial management should have included early drainage/debridement, which likely could have prevented recurrence and significantly shortened the clinical course. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(3):438–441.]
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eScholarship Publishing, University of California
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Examining the Potency of Subacromial Bursal Cells as a Potential Augmentation for Rotator Cuff Healing: An In Vitro Study.

Morikawa, Daichi / Johnson, Jeremiah D / Kia, Cameron / McCarthy, Mary Beth R / Macken, Craig / Bellas, Nicholas / Baldino, Joshua B / Cote, Mark P / Mazzocca, Augustus D

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

2019 Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 2978–2988

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the potency of mesenchymal stem cells between the cells derived from the subacromial bursa to concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) taken from patients undergoing rotator cuff (RC) repair.: Methods: Subacromial bursa and cBMA ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare the potency of mesenchymal stem cells between the cells derived from the subacromial bursa to concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) taken from patients undergoing rotator cuff (RC) repair. Methods: Subacromial bursa and cBMA were harvested arthroscopically from 13 patients (age 57.4 ± 5.2 years, mean ± standard deviation) undergoing arthroscopic primary RC repair. Bone marrow was aspirated from the proximal humerus and concentrated using an automated system (Angel System; Arthrex). Subacromial bursa was collected from 2 sites (over the RC tendon and muscle) and digested with collagenase to isolate a single cellular fraction. Proliferation, number of colony-forming units, differentiation potential, and gene expression were compared among the cells derived from each specimen. Results: The cells derived from subacromial bursa showed significantly higher proliferation compared with the cells derived from cBMA after 5, 7, and 10 days (P = .018). Regarding colony-forming units, the subacromial bursa had significantly more colonies than cBMA (P = .002). Subacromial bursal cells over the RC tendon produced significantly more colonies than cells over both the RC muscle and cBMA (P = .033 and P = .028, respectively). Moreover, when compared with cBMA, cells derived from subacromial bursa showed significantly higher differentiation ability and higher gene expression indicative of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. Conclusion: The subacromial bursa is an easily accessible tissue that can be obtained during RC repair, with significant pluripotent stem cell potency for tendon healing. Compared with cBMA taken from the proximal humerus, bursal cells showed significantly increased differentiation ability and gene expression over time. Clinical relevance: Failed RC repairs have been partly attributed to a poor healing environment. Biologic augmentation of the repair site may help increase healing potential and incorporation of the cuff at the tendon-bone interface.
MeSH term(s)	Arthroscopy/methods ; Bursa, Synovial/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Middle Aged ; Rotator Cuff/pathology ; Rotator Cuff/surgery ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/diagnosis ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632528-2
ISSN	1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
ISSN (online)	1526-3231
ISSN	0749-8063
DOI	10.1016/j.arthro.2019.05.024
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Article ; Online: Optic pathway infarct after Onyx HD 500 aneurysm embolization: visual pathway ischemia from superior hypophyseal artery occlusion.

Johnson, Jeremiah Nicholas / Elhammady, Mohamed / Post, Judith / Pasol, Joshua / Ebersole, Koji / Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad Ali

Journal of neurointerventional surgery

2014 Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) e47

Abstract: We report a case of visual deterioration after Onyx HD 500 embolization of a left 7 mm superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysm. After the procedure, the patient experienced a right incongruous homonymous hemianopia, and MRI showed an infarct of the ... ...

Abstract	We report a case of visual deterioration after Onyx HD 500 embolization of a left 7 mm superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysm. After the procedure, the patient experienced a right incongruous homonymous hemianopia, and MRI showed an infarct of the ipsilateral optic chiasm/tract but no evidence of aneurysm mass effect or embolic cortical infarcts. The optic pathway ischemia is believed to be secondary to Onyx penetration and occlusion of an SHA branch near the aneurysm neck. Caution is advised when using liquid embolic agents to treat SHA aneurysms as SHA occlusion may lead to visual deficits.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Ischemia/surgery ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases/etiology ; Cerebral Infarction/etiology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/adverse effects ; Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects ; Hemianopsia/etiology ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/complications ; Intracranial Aneurysm/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyvinyls/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Pathways/pathology
Chemical Substances	Onyx HD 500 ; Polyvinyls ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide (YOW8V9698H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514982-9
ISSN	1759-8486 ; 1759-8478
ISSN (online)	1759-8486
ISSN	1759-8478
DOI	10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010968.rep
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Article: Suburbanization and the rank-size rule

Buttry, Nicholas / Johnson, Jeremiah / Kallsnick, Adam / Kosmopoulou, Georgia

Applied economics letters Vol. 14, No. 1/3 , p. 1-4

2007 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–4

Author's details	Georgia Kosmopoulou, Nicholas Buttry, Jeremiah Johnson and Adam Kallsnick
Language	English
Size	graph. Darst.
Publisher	Routledge
Publishing place	Abingdon
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1181036-1
Database	ECONomics Information System

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