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  1. Book ; Online: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare

    GÓMEZ-GONZÁLEZ EMILIO

    applications, availability and societal impact

    2020  

    Abstract: This report reviews and classifies the current and near-future applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and Healthcare according to their ethical and societal impact and the availability level of the various technological implementations. ...

    Abstract This report reviews and classifies the current and near-future applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and Healthcare according to their ethical and societal impact and the availability level of the various technological implementations. It provides conceptual foundations for well-informed policy-oriented work, research, and forward-looking activities that address the opportunities and challenges created in the field of AI in Medicine and Healthcare. This report is aimed for policy developers, but it also makes contributions that are of interest for researchers studying the impact and the future of AI on Healthcare, for scientific and technological stakeholders in this field and for the general public. This report is based on an analysis of the state of the art of research and technology, including software, personal monitoring devices, genetic tests and editing tools, personalized digital models, online platforms, augmented reality devices, and surgical and companion robotics. From this analysis, it is presented the concept of “extended personalized medicine”, and it is explored the public perception of medical AI systems, and how they show, simultaneously, extraordinary opportunities and drawbacks. In addition, this report addresses the transformation of the roles of doctors and patients in an age of ubiquitous information and identifies three main paradigms in AI-supported Medicine: “fake-based”, “patient-generated”, and “scientifically tailored” views. This Report presents: - An updated overview of the many aspects related to the social impact of Artificial Intelligence and its applications in Medicine and Health. A new ‘Technology Availability Scale’ is defined to evaluate and compare their current status. - Recent examples of the growing social concerns and debates in the general press, social media and other web-bases sources. - A ‘Visual Overview of AI and AI-mediated technologies in Medicine and Healthcare’, in which two figures show, respectively, a (newly proposed) classification according to their ethical and social impact, and the most relevant ethical and social aspects considered for such classification. Some key questions, controversies, significant, and conflicting issues are outlined for each aspect. - A ‘Structured Overview’, with a sorted list of technologies and their implementations, including perspectives, conflicting views and potential pitfalls, and a corresponding, extensive list of references. - A conclusive set of policy challenges, namely the need of informed citizens, key aspects (of AI and AI-mediated technologies in Medicine and Healthcare) to evaluate, and some recommendations towards a European leadership in this sector. - We finally relate our study with an update on the use of AI technologies to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 pandemic disease.

    JRC.A.5-Scientific Development
    Keywords covid19
    Subject code 170
    Language ENG
    Publishing date 2020-05-08
    Publisher Publications Office of the European Union
    Publishing country eu
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: In Reply: Contactless Ultrasonic Cavitation for the Prevention of Shunt Obstruction in Hydrocephalus: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

    Barriga-Rivera, Alejandro / Gomez-Gonzalez, Emilio / Marquez-Rivas, Javier

    Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) e472

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ultrasonics ; Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2767575-0
    ISSN 2332-4260 ; 2332-4252
    ISSN (online) 2332-4260
    ISSN 2332-4252
    DOI 10.1227/ons.0000000000000695
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Beyond the borders: The gates and fences of Neuroimmune interaction

    Velazquez-Moctezuma, Javier / Dominguez-Salazar, Emilio / Gomez-Gonzalez, Beatriz

    2014  

    Abstract: Neuroimmunology is a rapidly growing emerging field at which two old sciences have converged to integrate two different types of responses into a single coherent response involving the coordinated action of both systems, neural and immune. During long ... ...

    Abstract Neuroimmunology is a rapidly growing emerging field at which two old sciences have converged to integrate two different types of responses into a single coherent response involving the coordinated action of both systems, neural and immune. During long time it was thought that both systems worked separately and in divergent pathways. The brain was considered an immunoprivileged site and the immune organs were deemed as independent of any neural influence and also of nervous innervation. Time has gone and has proven that the borders between both systems were merely artificial. Since the beginning of Neuroimmunology in the 1980s much work has been done to elucidate the gates and fences in neuro-immune interactions. Brain was shown to be under the continuous surveillance of the immune system, even under basal physiological conditions in the absence of any pathology. Likely, it was found a profuse nervous innervation of lymphoid organs and even of single immune cells.-

    Gates for direct neural immune communication were found both centrally and peripherally. Centrally, the gates, but also the fences, were situated at the brain barriers, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and at the circunventricular organs. Peripherally, the fences constituted the apparent diverse nature of molecules involved in neural and immune signaling; however, time proved that both system were capable of producing the same signaling molecules and also systematically responded to the molecules released by the other system. Therefore, the gates were open for direct neural-immune communication at the peripheral level. This Research Topic aimed to include original reports, reviews and technical reports regarding the description of the gates and fences in neural immune interactions.-

    We intended to provide an extensive view of the mechanisms governing central and peripheral neural-immune interactions, and the role of the borders, the blood-neural barriers, in the regulation of the neural-immune communication
    Keywords Science (General) ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
    Size 1 electronic resource (119 p.)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020090154
    ISBN 9782889192748 ; 2889192741
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Article ; Online: Modeling chronic cervical spinal cord injury in aged rats for cell therapy studies.

    Martín-López, María / González-Muñoz, Elena / Gómez-González, Emilio / Sánchez-Pernaute, Rosario / Márquez-Rivas, Javier / Fernández-Muñoz, Beatriz

    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

    2021  Volume 94, Page(s) 76–85

    Abstract: With an expanding elderly population, an increasing number of older adults will experience spinal cord injury (SCI) and might be candidates for cell-based therapies, yet there is a paucity of research in this age group. The objective of the present study ...

    Abstract With an expanding elderly population, an increasing number of older adults will experience spinal cord injury (SCI) and might be candidates for cell-based therapies, yet there is a paucity of research in this age group. The objective of the present study was to analyze how aged rats tolerate behavioral testing, surgical procedures, post-operative complications, intra-spinal cell transplantation and immunosuppression, and to examine the effectiveness of human iPSC-derived Neural Progenitor Cells (IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs) in a model of SCI. We performed behavioral tests in rats before and after inducing cervical hemi-contusions at C4 level with a fourth-generation Ohio State University Injury Device. Four weeks later, we injected IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs in animals that were immunosuppressed by daily cyclosporine injection. Four weeks after injection we analyzed locomotor behavior and mortality, and histologically assessed the survival of transplanted human NPCs. As rats aged, their success at completing behavioral tests decreased. In addition, we observed high mortality rates during behavioral training (41.2%), after cervical injury (63.2%) and after cell injection (50%). Histological analysis revealed that injected cells survived and remained at and around the grafted site and did not cause tumors. No locomotor improvement was observed in animals four weeks after IMR90-hiPSC-NPC transplantation. Our results show that elderly rats are highly vulnerable to interventions, and thus large groups of animals must be initially established to study the potential efficacy of cell-based therapies in age-related chronic myelopathies.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Animals ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Cervical Cord ; Humans ; Rats ; Recovery of Function ; Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-12
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193674-5
    ISSN 1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
    ISSN (online) 1532-2653
    ISSN 0967-5868
    DOI 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Modeling citation concentration through a mixture of Leimkuhler curves

    Gómez-Déniz, Emilio / Dorta-González, Pablo

    2024  

    Abstract: When a graphical representation of the cumulative percentage of total citations to articles, ordered from most cited to least cited, is plotted against the cumulative percentage of articles, we obtain a Leimkuhler curve. In this study, we noticed that ... ...

    Abstract When a graphical representation of the cumulative percentage of total citations to articles, ordered from most cited to least cited, is plotted against the cumulative percentage of articles, we obtain a Leimkuhler curve. In this study, we noticed that standard Leimkuhler functions may not be sufficient to provide accurate fits to various empirical informetrics data. Therefore, we introduce a new approach to Leimkuhler curves by fitting a known probability density function to the initial Leimkuhler curve, taking into account the presence of a heterogeneity factor. As a significant contribution to the existing literature, we introduce a pair of mixture distributions (called PG and PIG) to bibliometrics. In addition, we present closed-form expressions for Leimkuhler curves. {Some measures of citation concentration are examined empirically for the basic models (based on the Power {and Pareto distributions}) and the mixed models derived from {these}.} An application to two sources of informetric data was conducted to see how the mixing models outperform the standard basic models. The different models were fitted using non-linear least squares estimation.

    Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Digital Libraries ; Statistics - Applications ; 62P25
    Subject code 001 ; 310
    Publishing date 2024-01-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Screening of variables affecting the selective leaching of valuable metals from waste motherboards' PCBs.

    Rahimi, Vahid / Inzulza-Moraga, Emilio Antonio / Gómez-Díaz, Diego / Freire, María Sonia / González-Álvarez, Julia

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2024  

    Abstract: The presence of valuable and hazardous metals in waste printed circuit boards, especially, motherboards, makes their recovery necessary as implies great economic and environmental advantages and develops urban mining processes. Hence, this research is ... ...

    Abstract The presence of valuable and hazardous metals in waste printed circuit boards, especially, motherboards, makes their recovery necessary as implies great economic and environmental advantages and develops urban mining processes. Hence, this research is focused on the selective leaching of Cu, Pb, and Sn as base metals using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and Au, Ag, and Pd as precious metals using thiourea and sodium thiosulfate from waste motherboards' PCBs in a sequential eco-friendly two-stage process. Previously, thiourea and sodium thiosulfate were used as leaching agents to investigate their applicability for the leaching of metals from PCBs in a single-stage process. Screening experimental design was applied to screen the variables affecting the leaching process in order to evaluate their impact on the recovery of metals and select the significant factors. The results demonstrated that base and precious metals can be leached appropriately in two consecutive stages compared to a single-stage process. Nitric acid was found to be a much more efficient agent to leach Cu and Pb in comparison with hydrochloric acid which was more suitable for the leaching of Sn. In the case of precious metals, higher amounts of Au were leached using thiourea, whereas sodium thiosulfate was able to leach more Pd. Roughly similar results were obtained for the leaching of Ag using these leaching agents. Nitric acid concentration, average particle size, temperature, and leaching time were found to be significant to maximize the leaching of Cu and Pb and minimize that for Au, Ag, and Pd in the first stage. Initial pH was the only variable influencing the second stage, in particular, Au leaching by thiourea.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-024-32793-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Electrothermoplasmonic flow in gold nanoparticles suspensions: Nonlinear dependence of flow velocity on aggregate concentration.

    González-Gómez, Carlos David / Rica, Raúl A / Ruiz-Reina, Emilio

    Journal of colloid and interface science

    2023  Volume 648, Page(s) 397–405

    Abstract: Efficient mixing and pumping of liquids at the microscale is a technology that is still to be optimized. The combination of an AC electric field with a small temperature gradient leads to a strong electrothermal flow that can be used for multiple ... ...

    Abstract Efficient mixing and pumping of liquids at the microscale is a technology that is still to be optimized. The combination of an AC electric field with a small temperature gradient leads to a strong electrothermal flow that can be used for multiple purposes. Combining simulations and experiments, an analysis of the performance of electrothermal flow is provided when the temperature gradient is generated by illuminating plasmonic nanoparticles in suspension with a near-resonance laser. Fluid flow is measured by tracking the velocity of fluorescent tracer microparticles in suspension as a function of the electric field, laser power, and concentration of plasmonic particles. Among other results, a non-linear relationship is found between the velocity of the fluid and particle concentration, which is justified in terms of multiple scattering-absorption events, involving aggregates of nanoparticles, that lead to enhanced absorption when the concentration is raised. Simulations provide a description of the phenomenon that is compatible with experiments and constitute a way to understand and estimate the absorption and scattering cross-sections of both dispersed particles and/or aggregates. A comparison of experiments and simulations suggests that there is some aggregation of the gold nanoparticles by forming clusters of about 2-7 particles, but no information about their structure can be obtained without further theoretical and experimental developments. This nonlinear behavior could be useful to get very high ETP velocities by inducing some controlled aggregation of the particles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241597-5
    ISSN 1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
    ISSN (online) 1095-7103
    ISSN 0021-9797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.198
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Cranial expansion and aqueductoplasty for combined isolated fourth ventricle and slit-ventricle syndrome: a surgical alternative.

    Tirado-Caballero, Jorge / Rivero-Garvia, Mónica / Moreno-Madueño, Gloria / Gómez-González, Emilio / Márquez-Rivas, Javier

    Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 885–894

    Abstract: Introduction: An isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) is a rare entity observed in shunted patients and its treatment is still uncertain. Endoscopic aqueductoplasty has shown good results for restoring CSF flux between the third and fourth ventricles. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: An isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) is a rare entity observed in shunted patients and its treatment is still uncertain. Endoscopic aqueductoplasty has shown good results for restoring CSF flux between the third and fourth ventricles. However, it needs some grade of ventricular dilation to be performed. Some patients affected by IFV show slit-ventricle morphology in CT/MRI. Usually, the rise of opening pressure or the shunt externalization gets enough ventricular dilation. However, the lack of intracranial compliance in some patients makes these options unsuitable and high-ICP symptoms are developed without ventricular dilation.
    Methods: We present a two cases series affected by IFV with no ventricular dilation in radiological exams. ICP sensors were implanted, observing high-ICP and establishing the diagnosis of craniocerebral disproportion. A two-stage surgical plan based on a dynamic cranial expansion followed by a supratentorial endoscopic aqueductoplasty was performed. A physical and mathematical model explaining our approach was also provided.
    Results: Chess-table cranial expansion technique was performed in both patients. Six/seven days after the first surgery, respectively, ventricular dilation was observed in CT. Endoscopic precoronal aqueductoplasty was then performed. No postoperative complications were described. IFV symptoms improved in both patients. Eighteen and 12 months after the two-stage surgical plan, the patients remain symptom-free and void of flow is still observed between the third and the fourth ventricles in MRI.
    Conclusion: The two-stage approach was a suitable option for the treatment of these complex patients affected by both craniocerebral disproportion and isolated fourth ventricle.
    MeSH term(s) Fourth Ventricle/diagnostic imaging ; Fourth Ventricle/surgery ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging ; Hydrocephalus/etiology ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Neuroendoscopy ; Skull ; Slit Ventricle Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-25
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605988-0
    ISSN 1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    ISSN (online) 1433-0350
    ISSN 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    DOI 10.1007/s00381-020-04939-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Chest Implantation of Adjustable Gravitational Valves: An Easy, Safe, and Stable Alternative to Control Symptomatic Overdrainage in Shunted Children.

    Tirado-Caballero, Jorge / Rivero-Garvia, Mónica / Moreno-Madueño, Gloria / Gómez-González, Emilio / Marquez-Rivas, Javier

    World neurosurgery

    2020  Volume 146, Page(s) 90–94

    Abstract: Objective: Shunt overdrainage is a potential complication in pediatric hydrocephalus. The addition of adjustable gravitational units to previous shunt systems has been proposed as effective management for this problem. These devices have been ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Shunt overdrainage is a potential complication in pediatric hydrocephalus. The addition of adjustable gravitational units to previous shunt systems has been proposed as effective management for this problem. These devices have been traditionally implanted over the occipital bone. We propose chest implantation as an easier, safer, and more stable alternative in the pediatric population, especially in those cases with parieto-occipital shunts.
    Methods: This study comprises a retrospective analysis from a unicentric case series of pediatric patients affected by overdrainage and managed with adjustable gravitational valves implanted in the chest. The device implantation technique is described in detail and takes no more than 15 minutes.
    Results: Thirty-seven patients met the criteria. The mean age of implantation was 9.62 years. The mean follow-up in the series was 38 months. The mean number of pressure adjustments was 2.48. The mean "deviation angle" of the device to the longitudinal body axis was 5.8°. The complications per year of shunt were <0.02 with no disconnection of the catheters in any case during follow-up.
    Conclusions: In our experience, chest implantation for adjustable gravitational devices was a suitable shunt modification in pediatric patients suffering from overdrainage.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Examining the managerial and cost control for an optimal healthcare education

    Emilio Abad-Segura / Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar / José Gómez-Galán

    Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100088- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: In recent decades, both economic development and technological advances in medicine have contributed to an increase in health demand and costs, mainly derived from the growing implementation of innovative health services. In this context, it is necessary ...

    Abstract In recent decades, both economic development and technological advances in medicine have contributed to an increase in health demand and costs, mainly derived from the growing implementation of innovative health services. In this context, it is necessary to note that welfare economics involves the rationalization of limited economic resources. Likewise, the concern about the increase in health spending that is occurring in developed countries has meant that hospitals have flexible management accounting that helps to maximize the efficiency of internal management and obtain the maximum performance of the allocated financial resources. This will have a favourable impact on indicators such as minimal infant mortality, increased life expectancy at birth, or the rate and effectiveness of transplants. Hence, organizations choose to improve their management systems to carry out a more efficient health care education, in such a way that these try to optimize the available resources to offer a quality product or service with the minimum possible costs. Bibliometric techniques have been applied to a sample of 2003 articles to establish the relationships between the main dynamic agents of this research topic, in addition to identifying the main current and future lines of research. Providing a benchmark for future research on management control for health care education, this study reveals the emerging intellectual structure of this interdisciplinary field.
    Keywords Managerial control ; Healthcare education ; Accounting information ; Scientific production ; Bibliometric ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Subject code 650 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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