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  1. Article ; Online: Building less-flawed metrics: Understanding and creating better measurement and incentive systems.

    Manheim, David

    Patterns (New York, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 10, Page(s) 100842

    Abstract: Metrics are useful for measuring systems and motivating behaviors in academia as well as in public policy, medicine, business, and other systems. Unfortunately, naive application of metrics to a system can distort the system and even undermine the ... ...

    Abstract Metrics are useful for measuring systems and motivating behaviors in academia as well as in public policy, medicine, business, and other systems. Unfortunately, naive application of metrics to a system can distort the system and even undermine the original goal. There are two interrelated problems to overcome in building better metrics in academia and elsewhere. The first, specifying evaluable metrics that correspond to the goals, is well recognized but still often ignored. The second, minimizing perverse effects that undermine the metric or that enable people to game the rewards, is less recognized but is critical. This perspective discusses designing metrics, beginning with design considerations and processes; the presentation of specific strategies for mitigating perverse impacts, including secrecy, randomization, diversification, and post hoc specification; and continuing with important
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2666-3899
    ISSN (online) 2666-3899
    DOI 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Evolving ethics of COVID-19 challenge trials.

    Manheim, David

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) e79

    MeSH term(s) Biomedical Research ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Research Design ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30649-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5743: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Results of a 2020 Survey on Reporting Requirements and Practices for Biocontainment Laboratory Accidents.

    Manheim, David B

    Health security

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 642–651

    Abstract: Biosafety laboratory accidents are a normal part of laboratory science, but the frequency of such accidents is unclear due to current reporting standards and processes. To better understand accident reporting, a survey was created, with input from ABSA ... ...

    Abstract Biosafety laboratory accidents are a normal part of laboratory science, but the frequency of such accidents is unclear due to current reporting standards and processes. To better understand accident reporting, a survey was created, with input from ABSA International, which included a series of questions about standards, requirements, and likely motivations for reporting or nonreporting. A total of 60 biosafety officers completed the survey. Respondents reported working with more than 5,000 people in laboratories, including more than 40 biosafety level 3 or animal biosafety level 3 laboratories, which work with higher-risk pathogens. Most of the respondents were located in the United States, Canada, or New Zealand, or did not identify their location. Notable results included that 97% of surveyed biosafety officers oversee laboratories that require reporting exposure to at least some pathogens. However, 63% relayed that the reports are not usually sent outside of the institution where they occurred. A slight majority (55%) stated that paper reports were used, with the rest reporting they used a variety of computer systems. Even in laboratories that used paper-based reporting systems, 67% relayed that these reports were used alongside, or entered into, a digital system. While 82% of these biosafety officers agreed that workers understood the importance of reporting for their own safety, 82% also agreed that a variety of disincentives prevent laboratory workers from reporting incidents, including concerns about job loss and loss of funding.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Containment of Biohazards ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2021.0083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: Improving Decision Support for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

    Manheim, David / Chamberlin, Margaret / Osoba, Osonde A / Vardavas, Raffaele / Moore, Melinda

    Aligning Models and Other Tools with Policymakers' Needs

    2016  

    Keywords Database design & theory ; Infectious & contagious diseases ; Science: general issues ; Technology ; Health Sciences ; General Science
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher RAND Corporation
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030612260
    ISBN 9780833095503 ; 0833095501
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  6. Article ; Online: Questioning Estimates of Natural Pandemic Risk.

    Manheim, David

    Health security

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 381–390

    Abstract: The central argument in this article is that the probability of very large natural pandemics is more uncertain than either previous analyses or the historical record suggest. In public health and health security analyses, global catastrophic biological ... ...

    Abstract The central argument in this article is that the probability of very large natural pandemics is more uncertain than either previous analyses or the historical record suggest. In public health and health security analyses, global catastrophic biological risks (GCBRs) have the potential to cause "sudden, extraordinary, widespread disaster," with "tens to hundreds of millions of fatalities." Recent analyses focusing on extreme events presume that the most extreme natural events are less likely than artificial sources of GCBRs and should receive proportionately less attention. These earlier analyses relied on an informal Bayesian analysis of naturally occurring GCBRs in the historical record and conclude that the near absence of such events demonstrates that they are rare. This ignores key uncertainties about both selection biases inherent in historical data and underlying causes of the nonstationary risk. The uncertainty is addressed here by first reconsidering the assumptions in earlier Bayesian analyses, then outlining a more complete analysis accounting for several previously omitted factors. Finally, relationships are suggested between available evidence and the uncertain question at hand, allowing more rigorous future estimates.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2018.0039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evolving ethics of COVID-19 challenge trials

    Manheim, David

    The Lancet Infectious Diseases ; ISSN 1473-3099

    2020  

    Keywords Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30649-6
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: High-risk human-caused pathogen exposure events from 1975-2016.

    Manheim, David / Lewis, Gregory

    F1000Research

    2021  Volume 10, Page(s) 752

    Abstract: Biological agents and infectious pathogens have the potential to cause very significant harm, as the natural occurrence of disease and pandemics makes clear. As a way to better understand the risk of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks due to human ... ...

    Abstract Biological agents and infectious pathogens have the potential to cause very significant harm, as the natural occurrence of disease and pandemics makes clear. As a way to better understand the risk of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks due to human activities, rather than natural sources, this paper reports on a dataset of 71 incidents involving either accidental or purposeful exposure to, or infection by, a highly infectious pathogenic agent. There has been significant effort put into both reducing the risk of purposeful spread of biological weapons, and biosafety intended to prevent the exposure to, or release of, dangerous pathogens in the course of research. Despite these efforts, there are incidents of various types that could potentially be controlled or eliminated by different lab and/or bioweapon research choices and safety procedures. The dataset of events presented here was compiled during a project conducted in 2019 to better understand biological risks from anthropic sources. The events which are listed are unrelated to clinical treatment of naturally occurring outbreaks, and are instead entirely the result of human decisions and mistakes. While the events cover a wide range of cases, the criteria used covers a variety of events previously scattered across academic, policy, and other unpublished or not generally available sources.
    MeSH term(s) Containment of Biohazards/methods ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2699932-8
    ISSN 2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
    ISSN (online) 2046-1402
    ISSN 2046-1402
    DOI 10.12688/f1000research.55114.2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: High-risk human-caused pathogen exposure events from 1975-2016 [version 2; peer review

    David Manheim / Gregory Lewis

    F1000Research, Vol

    2 approved]

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Biological agents and infectious pathogens have the potential to cause very significant harm, as the natural occurrence of disease and pandemics makes clear. As a way to better understand the risk of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks due to human ... ...

    Abstract Biological agents and infectious pathogens have the potential to cause very significant harm, as the natural occurrence of disease and pandemics makes clear. As a way to better understand the risk of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks due to human activities, rather than natural sources, this paper reports on a dataset of 71 incidents involving either accidental or purposeful exposure to, or infection by, a highly infectious pathogenic agent. There has been significant effort put into both reducing the risk of purposeful spread of biological weapons, and biosafety intended to prevent the exposure to, or release of, dangerous pathogens in the course of research. Despite these efforts, there are incidents of various types that could potentially be controlled or eliminated by different lab and/or bioweapon research choices and safety procedures. The dataset of events presented here was compiled during a project conducted in 2019 to better understand biological risks from anthropic sources. The events which are listed are unrelated to clinical treatment of naturally occurring outbreaks, and are instead entirely the result of human decisions and mistakes. While the events cover a wide range of cases, the criteria used covers a variety of events previously scattered across academic, policy, and other unpublished or not generally available sources.
    Keywords Laboratory Acquired Infection ; Biosafety ; Biosecurity ; Laboratory Safety ; Laboratory Accidents ; Biological Warfare ; eng ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher F1000 Research Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  10. Article ; Online: Managing the Transition to Widespread Metagenomic Monitoring: Policy Considerations for Future Biosurveillance.

    Liang, Chelsea / Wagstaff, James / Aharony, Noga / Schmit, Virginia / Manheim, David

    Health security

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 34–45

    Abstract: The technological possibilities and future public health importance of metagenomic sequencing have received extensive attention, but there has been little discussion about the policy and regulatory issues that need to be addressed if metagenomic ... ...

    Abstract The technological possibilities and future public health importance of metagenomic sequencing have received extensive attention, but there has been little discussion about the policy and regulatory issues that need to be addressed if metagenomic sequencing is adopted as a key technology for biosurveillance. In this article, we introduce metagenomic monitoring as a possible path to eventually replacing current infectious disease monitoring models. Many key enablers are technological, whereas others are not. We therefore highlight key policy challenges and implementation questions that need to be addressed for "widespread metagenomic monitoring" to be possible. Policymakers must address pitfalls like fragmentation of the technological base, private capture of benefits, privacy concerns, the usefulness of the system during nonpandemic times, and how the future systems will enable better response. If these challenges are addressed, the technological and public health promise of metagenomic sequencing can be realized.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Biosurveillance ; Communicable Diseases ; Public Health ; Health Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2022.0029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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