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Article ; Online: Vitamin D regulates microbiome-dependent cancer immunity.

Giampazolias, Evangelos / Pereira da Costa, Mariana / Lam, Khiem C / Lim, Kok Haw Jonathan / Cardoso, Ana / Piot, Cécile / Chakravarty, Probir / Blasche, Sonja / Patel, Swara / Biram, Adi / Castro-Dopico, Tomas / Buck, Michael D / Rodrigues, Richard R / Poulsen, Gry Juul / Palma-Duran, Susana A / Rogers, Neil C / Koufaki, Maria A / Minutti, Carlos M / Wang, Pengbo /

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2024 Volume 384, Issue 6694, Page(s) 428–437

Abstract: A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report ... that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance ... vitamin D-induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well ...

Abstract	A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance to transplantable cancers and augmented responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Similarly, in humans, vitamin D-induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well as with immunity to cancer and increased overall survival. In mice, resistance is attributable to the activity of vitamin D on intestinal epithelial cells, which alters microbiome composition in favor of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Vitamin D/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Humans ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Immunotherapy ; Female ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Male
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.adh7954
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Zs.A 27: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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Article ; Online: D

Evans, William J / Scottoline, Brian / Imam, Faryal / Hellerstein, Marc / Garton, Kelly / Czerwieniec, Gregg / Nyangau, Edna / Shankaran, Mahalakshmi

Pediatric research

2020 Volume 89, Issue 6, Page(s) 1508–1514

Abstract: ... the D: Methods: A total of 76 neonates >26-week-old corrected gestational age were enrolled and ... at 6 and 12-20 months after initial measurement were obtained if available. An enteral dose of 2 mg D ... Results: Muscle mass by the D: Conclusions: The D: Impact: We describe a noninvasive method ...

Abstract	Background: The rate of accrual of muscle mass in neonates has not been assessed. We describe the D Methods: A total of 76 neonates >26-week-old corrected gestational age were enrolled and measured at 2-week intervals while admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Additional measures at 6 and 12-20 months after initial measurement were obtained if available. An enteral dose of 2 mg D Results: Muscle mass by the D Conclusions: The D Impact: We describe a noninvasive method for the measurement of skeletal muscle mass neonates. At the present time, there is no direct measurement of muscle mass in infants available. The D
MeSH term(s)	Creatine/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology ; Organ Size
Chemical Substances	Creatine (MU72812GK0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-020-01122-w
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Zs.A 564: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: A role for vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in keloid disorder.

Hahn, Jennifer M / Combs, Kelly A / Powell, Heather M / Supp, Dorothy M

Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society

2023 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 563–575

Abstract: ... with dark skin pigmentation are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency, the role of vitamin D in keloid ... serum vitamin D levels in patients with keloids, and reduced expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR ... in keloid lesions compared with uninjured skin. Vitamin D has documented anti-inflammatory, anti ...

Abstract	Keloids are disfiguring fibroproliferative lesions that can occur in susceptible individuals following any skin injury. They are extremely challenging to treat, with relatively low response rates to current therapies and high rates of recurrence after treatment. Although several distinct genetic loci have been associated with keloid formation in different populations, there has been no single causative gene yet identified and the molecular mechanisms guiding keloid development are incompletely understood. Further, although it is well known that keloids are more commonly observed in populations with dark skin pigmentation, the basis for increased keloid risk in skin of colour is not yet known. Because individuals with dark skin pigmentation are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency, the role of vitamin D in keloid pathology has gained interest in the keloid research community. A limited number of studies have found lower serum vitamin D levels in patients with keloids, and reduced expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in keloid lesions compared with uninjured skin. Vitamin D has documented anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation activities, suggesting it may have a therapeutic role in suppression of keloid fibrosis. Here we review the evidence supporting a role for vitamin D and VDR in keloid pathology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Keloid/pathology ; Vitamin D ; Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism ; Wound Healing ; Skin/pathology
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Receptors, Calcitriol
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1174873-4
ISSN	1524-475X ; 1067-1927
ISSN (online)	1524-475X
ISSN	1067-1927
DOI	10.1111/wrr.13109
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Article ; Online: Variation in Isolate Virulence and Accession Resistance Associated with Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla in Soybean

Mohan, Karthika / Kontz, Brian / Okello, Paul / Allen, Tom W. / Bergstrom, Gary C. / Bissonnette, Kaitlyn / Bonkowski, John / Bradley, Carl A. / Buck, James / Chilvers, Martin I. / Dorrance, Anne / Giesler, Loren / Kelly, Heather / Koehler, Alyssa / Lopez-Nicora, Horacio D. / Mangel, Dylan / Markell, Samuel G. / Mueller, Daren / Price III, Paul P. /

Rojas, Alejandro / Shires, Madalyn / Smith, Damon / Spurlock, Terry / Webster, Richard W. / Wise, Kiersten / Yabwalo, Dalitso / Mathew, Febina M.

Plant Health Progress. 2023 Dec., v. 24, no. 4 p.482-487

2023

Abstract: ... D. caulivora, and D. longicolla reduce yield in the United States. Sources of resistance ... from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection with reported resistance to D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, or D ... to moderately correlated with those of the D. aspalathi-susceptible ‘Bragg’, as well as for ‘PI567473B’ and ...

Abstract	Important stem and grain diseases of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) caused by Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla reduce yield in the United States. Sources of resistance to these pathogens have previously been reported; however, there is limited information regarding their resistance when exposed to geographically distinct isolates of the same species. In this study, four accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection with reported resistance to D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, or D. longicolla were evaluated using geographically representative isolates within each species from the United States. For each fungus, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (isolate × accession). Plants were inoculated at the second to third trifoliate growth stage using toothpicks infested with isolates of each Diaporthe species. Pathogenicity was assessed 21 days postinoculation as 0 = no lesion, 0.5 = lesion length > 1 cm, and 1 = dead plant. A significant isolate-by-accession interaction (P < 0.05) was observed to affect pathogenicity as analyzed using nonparametric statistics (relative treatment effects [RTEs]), indicating that accessions responded differently to the isolates. Correlation analyses suggested that the RTEs on ‘Tracy-M’, ‘Dowling’, and ‘Crockett’ were weakly to moderately correlated with those of the D. aspalathi-susceptible ‘Bragg’, as well as for ‘PI567473B’ and ‘Century’ (D. caulivora), and ‘PI417507’ (D. longicolla), with the RTEs on ‘Hawkeye’ (P > 0.05) indicating possible genetic variation for resistance within these accessions. Our results provide information related to the resistance of previously identified accessions to develop commercial cultivars with resistance to important pathogens within the genus Diaporthe. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Keywords	Diaporthe ; Glycine max ; USDA ; cultivars ; developmental stages ; fungi ; genetic variation ; germplasm conservation ; greenhouse experimentation ; plant health ; soybeans ; statistics ; virulence ; pod and stem blight ; stem canker
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-12
Size	p. 482-487.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1535-1025
DOI	10.1094/PHP-04-23-0041-RS
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Gut Microbial Changes Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for D-Lactic Acidosis in Two Children.

Busing, Jordan D / Fouladi, Farnaz / Bulik-Sullivan, Emily C / Carroll, Ian M / Fodor, Anthony A / Thomsen, Kelly F / Gulati, Ajay S / Nicholson, Maribeth R

JPGN reports

2023 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e319

Abstract: D-lactic acidosis (D-LA) is an uncommon complication of short bowel syndrome characterized ... by elevated plasma D-lactate and encephalopathy. Treatments include rehydration ... been used in children to successfully treat D-LA. We compared the clinical course and then utilized ...

Abstract	D-lactic acidosis (D-LA) is an uncommon complication of short bowel syndrome characterized by elevated plasma D-lactate and encephalopathy. Treatments include rehydration, dietary carbohydrate restriction, and antibiotics to alter the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently been used in children to successfully treat D-LA. We compared the clinical course and then utilized metagenomic shotgun sequencing to describe changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome following FMT in 2 patients with recurrent D-LA. FMT altered the composition of the fecal microbiota in these 2 patients with recurrent D-LA, though not necessarily in a consistent manner. Importantly, microbial metabolic pathways were also impacted by FMT, which may be critical for achieving desired clinical outcomes. While sample size limits the generalizability of our results, these findings set the stage for further understanding of the role of microbes in the pathogenesis of recurrent D-LA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-171X
ISSN (online)	2691-171X
DOI	10.1097/PG9.0000000000000319
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Article ; Online: "Type D" killer whale genomes reveal long-term small population size and low genetic diversity.

Foote, Andrew D / Alexander, Alana / Ballance, Lisa T / Constantine, Rochelle / Galletti Vernazzani Muñoz, Bárbara / Guinet, Christophe / Robertson, Kelly M / Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S / Sironi, Mariano / Tixier, Paul / Totterdell, John / Towers, Jared R / Wellard, Rebecca / Pitman, Robert L / Morin, Phillip A

The Journal of heredity

2023 Volume 114, Issue 2, Page(s) 94–109

Abstract: ... the first genomic characterization of type D killer whales, a distinctive eco/morphotype with a circumpolar ... indicates a severe population bottleneck. Consequently, type D genomes show among the highest level ... to date. Comparison of genomic data from a museum specimen of a type D killer whale that stranded ...

Abstract	Genome sequences can reveal the extent of inbreeding in small populations. Here, we present the first genomic characterization of type D killer whales, a distinctive eco/morphotype with a circumpolar, subantarctic distribution. Effective population size is the lowest estimated from any killer whale genome and indicates a severe population bottleneck. Consequently, type D genomes show among the highest level of inbreeding reported for any mammalian species (FROH ≥ 0.65). Detected recombination cross-over events of different haplotypes are up to an order of magnitude rarer than in other killer whale genomes studied to date. Comparison of genomic data from a museum specimen of a type D killer whale that stranded in New Zealand in 1955, with 3 modern genomes from the Cape Horn area, reveals high covariance and identity-by-state of alleles, suggesting these genomic characteristics and demographic history are shared among geographically dispersed social groups within this morphotype. Limitations to the insights gained in this study stem from the nonindependence of the 3 closely related modern genomes, the recent coalescence time of most variation within the genomes, and the nonequilibrium population history which violates the assumptions of many model-based methods. Long-range linkage disequilibrium and extensive runs of homozygosity found in type D genomes provide the potential basis for both the distinctive morphology, and the coupling of genetic barriers to gene flow with other killer whale populations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Whale, Killer/genetics ; Population Density ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Inbreeding ; Homozygote
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3044-2
ISSN	1465-7333 ; 0022-1503
ISSN (online)	1465-7333
ISSN	0022-1503
DOI	10.1093/jhered/esac070
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Article ; Online: Loss of the glycosyltransferase Galnt11 affects vitamin D homeostasis and bone composition.

Tian, E / Rothermel, Caroline / Michel, Zachary / de Castro, Luis Fernandez / Lee, Jeeyoung / Kilts, Tina / Kent, Tristan / Collins, Michael T / Ten Hagen, Kelly G

The Journal of biological chemistry

2024 Volume 300, Issue 4, Page(s) 107164

Abstract: ... including vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Galnt11-deficient mice were unable to properly reabsorb DBP ... from the urine. Vitamin D plays an essential role in mineral homeostasis and its deficiency is associated ... of the loss of Galnt11 on vitamin D homeostasis and bone composition. We found significantly decreased levels ...

Abstract	O-glycosylation is a conserved posttranslational modification that impacts many aspects of organismal viability and function. Recent studies examining the glycosyltransferase Galnt11 demonstrated that it glycosylates the endocytic receptor megalin in the kidneys, enabling proper binding and reabsorption of ligands, including vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Galnt11-deficient mice were unable to properly reabsorb DBP from the urine. Vitamin D plays an essential role in mineral homeostasis and its deficiency is associated with bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. We therefore set out to examine the effects of the loss of Galnt11 on vitamin D homeostasis and bone composition. We found significantly decreased levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, consistent with decreased reabsorption of DBP. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in blood calcium levels and a physiologic increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Galnt11-deficient mice. Bones in Galnt11-deficient mice were smaller and displayed a decrease in cortical bone accompanied by an increase in trabecular bone and an increase in a marker of bone formation, consistent with PTH-mediated effects on bone. These results support a unified model for the role of Galnt11 in bone and mineral homeostasis, wherein loss of Galnt11 leads to decreased reabsorption of DBP by megalin, resulting in a cascade of disrupted mineral and bone homeostasis including decreased circulating vitamin D and calcium levels, a physiological increase in PTH, an overall loss of cortical bone, and an increase in trabecular bone. Our study elucidates how defects in O-glycosylation can influence vitamin D and mineral homeostasis and the integrity of the skeletal system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107164
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Article: Sex steroid hormone levels associated with dopamine D

Zakiniaeiz, Yasmin / Gueorguieva, Ralitza / Peltier, MacKenzie R / Verplaetse, Terril L / Roberts, Walter / McKee, Sherry A / Cosgrove, Kelly P

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1192740

Abstract: ... in striatal and cortical brain regions. Dysregulated dopamine D: Methods: Twenty-four (12 women) people ... with lower dlPFC D ...

Abstract	Introduction: Sex differences exist in tobacco smoking. Women have greater difficulty quitting smoking than men. Tobacco smoking is driven by the reinforcing effects of nicotine, the primary addictive component in cigarettes. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, facilitating dopamine release in striatal and cortical brain regions. Dysregulated dopamine D Methods: Twenty-four (12 women) people who smoke cigarettes and 25 sex- and age-matched controls participated in two same-day [ Results: Women who smoke had trending lower levels of estradiol than their sex-matched counterparts. Men who smoke had higher levels of estradiol and trending higher levels of free testosterone than their sex-matched counterparts. Among women only, lower estradiol levels were significantly associated with lower pre-amphetamine dlPFC Discussion/conclusion: This study demonstrated that lower estradiol levels are associated with lower dlPFC D
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452960-6
ISSN	1662-5153
ISSN	1662-5153
DOI	10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1192740
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Article ; Online: Hepatitis D double reflex testing of all hepatitis B carriers in low-HBV- and high-HBV/HDV-prevalence countries.

Razavi, Homie A / Buti, Maria / Terrault, Norah A / Zeuzem, Stefan / Yurdaydin, Cihan / Tanaka, Junko / Aghemo, Alessio / Akarca, Ulus S / Al Masri, Nasser M / Alalwan, Abduljaleel M / Aleman, Soo / Alghamdi, Abdullah S / Alghamdi, Saad / Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K / Aljumah, Abdulrahman A / Altraif, Ibrahim H / Asselah, Tarik / Ben-Ari, Ziv / Berg, Thomas /

Biondi, Mia J / Blach, Sarah / Braga, Wornei S M / Brandão-Mello, Carlos E / Brunetto, Maurizia R / Cabezas, Joaquin / Cheinquer, Hugo / Chen, Pei-Jer / Cheon, Myeong-Eun / Chuang, Wan-Long / Coffin, Carla S / Coppola, Nicola / Craxi, Antonio / Crespo, Javier / De Ledinghen, Victor / Duberg, Ann-Sofi / Etzion, Ohad / Ferraz, Maria Lucia G / Ferreira, Paulo R A / Forns, Xavier / Foster, Graham R / Gaeta, Giovanni B / Gamkrelidze, Ivane / García-Samaniego, Javier / Gheorghe, Liliana S / Gholam, Pierre M / Gish, Robert G / Glenn, Jeffrey / Hercun, Julian / Hsu, Yao-Chun / Hu, Ching-Chih / Huang, Jee-Fu / Janjua, Naveed / Jia, Jidong / Kåberg, Martin / Kaita, Kelly D E / Kamal, Habiba / Kao, Jia-Horng / Kondili, Loreta A / Lagging, Martin / Lázaro, Pablo / Lazarus, Jeffrey V / Lee, Mei-Hsuan / Lim, Young-Suk / Marotta, Paul J / Navas, Maria-Cristina / Naveira, Marcelo C M / Orrego, Mauricio / Osiowy, Carla / Pan, Calvin Q / Pessoa, Mário G / Raimondo, Giovanni / Ramji, Alnoor / Razavi-Shearer, Devin M / Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn / Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo Y / Rodríguez, Manuel / Rosenberg, William M C / Roulot, Dominique M / Ryder, Stephen D / Safadi, Rifaat / Sanai, Faisal M / Santantonio, Teresa A / Sarrazin, Christoph / Shouval, Daniel / Tacke, Frank / Tergast, Tammo L / Villalobos-Salcedo, Juan Miguel / Voeller, Alexis S / Yang, Hwai-I / Yu, Ming-Lung / Zuckerman, Eli

Journal of hepatology

2023 Volume 79, Issue 2, Page(s) 576–580

Abstract: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection occurs as a coinfection with hepatitis B and increases the risk ...

Abstract	Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection occurs as a coinfection with hepatitis B and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensated cirrhosis, and mortality compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. Reliable estimates of the prevalence of HDV infection and disease burden are essential to formulate strategies to find coinfected individuals more effectively and efficiently. The global prevalence of HBV infections was estimated to be 262,240,000 in 2021. Only 1,994,000 of the HBV infections were newly diagnosed in 2021, with more than half of the new diagnoses made in China. Our initial estimates indicated a much lower prevalence of HDV antibody (anti-HDV) and HDV RNA positivity than previously reported in published studies. Accurate estimates of HDV prevalence are needed. The most effective method to generate estimates of the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA positivity and to find undiagnosed individuals at the national level is to implement double reflex testing. This requires anti-HDV testing of all hepatitis B surface antigen-positive individuals and HDV RNA testing of all anti-HDV-positive individuals. This strategy is manageable for healthcare systems since the number of newly diagnosed HBV cases is low. At the global level, a comprehensive HDV screening strategy would require only 1,994,000 HDV antibody tests and less than 89,000 HDV PCR tests. Double reflex testing is the preferred strategy in countries with a low prevalence of HBV and those with a high prevalence of both HBV and HDV. For example, in the European Union and North America only 35,000 and 22,000 cases, respectively, will require anti-HDV testing annually.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Prevalence ; Hepatitis D/diagnosis ; Hepatitis D/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; Reflex ; Coinfection ; RNA ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/etiology
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605953-3
ISSN	1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
ISSN (online)	1600-0641
ISSN	0168-8278
DOI	10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.041
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Article ; Online: Pediatric Fractures: Does Vitamin D Play a Role?

Karkenny, Alexa J / Avarello, Jahn / Hanstein, Regina / Lo, Yungtai / Burlage, Ashley / Crabb, Rocio / McNally, Kelly / Merwin, Sara / Schulz, Jacob F / Poon, Selina

Journal of pediatric orthopedics

2023 Volume 43, Issue 8, Page(s) 492–497

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency and insufficiency are reported in about half ... in a model adjusted for vitamin D sufficiency and time spent playing outdoor sports.: Conclusions: Low 25 ... and nonfracture cohorts. This research can impact evidence-based guidelines on vitamin D level ...

Abstract	Background: Vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency and insufficiency are reported in about half of all children. The literature on low 25-OHD and pediatric fracture risk presents inconsistent results. This study evaluates the association between pediatric fractures and 25-OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study in 2 urban pediatric emergency departments (2014-2017). Patients aged 1 to 17 requiring intravenous access were enrolled. Demographics, nutrition, and activity information were recorded and levels of 25-OHD, calcium, and PTH were measured. Results: Two hundred forty-five subjects were enrolled: 123 fractures and 122 controls. Overall, the mean 25-OHD level was 23 ng/mL±8.5: 52 (21%) of patients were 25-OHD sufficient; 193 (79%) were not. Ninety-six percent of patients with lower extremity fractures had low 25-OHD versus 77% of patients with upper extremity fractures ( P =0.024). The fracture cohort was younger ( P =0.002), included more males ( P =0.020), and spent more time playing outdoor sports ( P =0.011) than the control cohort. The 25-OHD level (fracture 22.8 ng/mL±7.6 vs. nonfracture 23.5 ng/mL±9.3, P =0.494) and median calcium level (fracture 9.8 mg/dL vs. nonfracture 10.0 mg/dL, P =0.054) were similar between cohorts. The median PTH level was higher in the fracture than the control cohort (33 vs. 24.5 pg/mL; P <0.0005); PTH was elevated to hyperparathyroidism (>65 pg/mL) in 13% of fractures and 2% of controls ( P =0.006). Matched subgroup analysis of 81 fracture patients and 81 controls by age, gender, and race showed that PTH was the only variable independently associated with increased odds of fracture (odds ratio=1.10, 95% CI, 1.01-1.19, P =0.021) in a model adjusted for vitamin D sufficiency and time spent playing outdoor sports. Conclusions: Low 25-OHD is common in children with fractures but we found no difference in 25-OHD levels between fracture and nonfracture cohorts. This research can impact evidence-based guidelines on vitamin D level screening and/or supplementation after fracture. Level of evidence: Diagnostic level IV-case-control study.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Child ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology ; Calcium ; Case-Control Studies ; Vitamins ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Fractures, Bone/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Vitamins ; Parathyroid Hormone
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604642-3
ISSN	1539-2570 ; 0271-6798
ISSN (online)	1539-2570
ISSN	0271-6798
DOI	10.1097/BPO.0000000000002462
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