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  1. Article ; Online: The COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' and young adults' experiences at school: A systematic narrative review.

    Benner, Aprile D / Harrington, Madeline K / Kealy, Carmen / Nwafor, Chidozie E

    Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence

    2024  

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic upended the lives of adolescents and young adults across the globe. In response to the pandemic onset, educational institutions were forced to pivot to online learning, a new teaching and learning format for most secondary and ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic upended the lives of adolescents and young adults across the globe. In response to the pandemic onset, educational institutions were forced to pivot to online learning, a new teaching and learning format for most secondary and university students. This systematic narrative review summarizes findings from 168 publications spanning 56 countries on students' educational outcomes and school climate as well as the internal assets and contextual supports that promoted academic well-being during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that young people commonly reported declines in their academic-related outcomes and school-based relationships due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Internal assets (e.g., intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy) and contextual supports (i.e., relationships with teachers, peers, and parents) promoted academic well-being during the pandemic. Next steps for research on young people's academic well-being during the pandemic are suggested.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2017369-6
    ISSN 1532-7795 ; 1050-8392
    ISSN (online) 1532-7795
    ISSN 1050-8392
    DOI 10.1111/jora.12935
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Loneliness dynamics and physical health symptomology among midlife adults in daily life.

    Witzel, Dakota D / Van Bogart, Karina / Harrington, Erin E / Turner, Shelbie G / Almeida, David M

    Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: The current study examined how average daily loneliness (between-persons [BPs]), intraindividual variability in loneliness across days (within-persons [WPs]), and loneliness stability informed physical health symptomatology.: Method: We ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The current study examined how average daily loneliness (between-persons [BPs]), intraindividual variability in loneliness across days (within-persons [WPs]), and loneliness stability informed physical health symptomatology.
    Method: We utilized daily diary data from a national sample of 1,538 middle-aged adults (
    Results: When participants were less lonely on average, and on days when loneliness was lower than a person's average, they had fewer and less severe physical health symptoms. Additionally, participants who were more stable in loneliness across 8 days had less severe physical health symptoms. Further, there was a stronger association between instability in loneliness and more physical health symptoms for people who were lonelier on average. Finally, the increase in physical health symptom severity associated with WP loneliness was strongest for participants with low variability in loneliness.
    Conclusion: Loneliness is associated with physical health symptoms on a day-to-day basis, especially for people who are highly variable in loneliness. Considerations of multiple sources of variation in daily loneliness may be necessary to adequately address loneliness and promote health. Public health interventions addressing loneliness may be most effective if they support social connectedness in people's everyday lives in ways that promote stable, low levels of loneliness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 226369-5
    ISSN 1930-7810 ; 0278-6133
    ISSN (online) 1930-7810
    ISSN 0278-6133
    DOI 10.1037/hea0001377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Acute Aortic Regurgitation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Procedure.

    Amien, Bothayna / Appleby, Clare / Mills, Joe / Sandhu, Kully / Harrington, Deborah

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e50345

    Abstract: This study reports the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed aortic regurgitation (AR) a few hours after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The patient underwent the TAVI procedure for aortic stenosis and became hypotensive in recovery. ... ...

    Abstract This study reports the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed aortic regurgitation (AR) a few hours after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The patient underwent the TAVI procedure for aortic stenosis and became hypotensive in recovery. A transthoracic echo revealed cardiac tamponade and around 1500 ml of blood was drained over several hours. Further advice was sought from the surgical team, and a transoesophageal echo revealed significant AR, which was confirmed by a transthoracic echo performed the next day. The patient underwent an emergency surgical aortic valve replacement. This case study demonstrates one of the complications of the TAVI procedure, acute AR, which was diagnosed a few hours after the procedure.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.50345
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Post hoc analysis of food costs associated with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, whole food, plant-based diet, and typical baseline diet of individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus in a nonrandomized crossover trial with meals provided.

    Campbell, Erin K / Taillie, Laurie / Blanchard, Lisa M / Wixom, Nellie / Harrington, Donald K / Peterson, Derick R / Wittlin, Steven D / Campbell, Thomas M

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2023  Volume 119, Issue 3, Page(s) 769–778

    Abstract: ... analyzed for each 7-d diet phase: baseline, DASH, and WFPB. Nutrient content was analyzed using ... pricing. Food costs were calculated for each diet as consumed and adjusted to a standardized 1800 kcal/d ... all dietary phases. The baseline, DASH, and WFPB diets, as consumed, cost $15.72/d (95% CI; $13.91, $17.53 ...

    Abstract Background: Americans consume diets that fall short of dietary recommendations, and the cost of healthier diets is often cited as a barrier to dietary change. We conducted a nonrandomized crossover trial with meals provided utilizing 2 diets: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and whole food, plant-based (WFPB), and thus had intake data from baseline and both intervention diets.
    Objectives: Using actual diet records, describe food costs of baseline diets of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as therapeutic DASH and WFPB diets.
    Methods: Three-day food records were collected and analyzed for each 7-d diet phase: baseline, DASH, and WFPB. Nutrient content was analyzed using the Nutrient Data System for Research and cost was determined using Fillet, an application to manage menu pricing. Food costs were calculated for each diet as consumed and adjusted to a standardized 1800 kcal/d. Ingredient-only costs of food away from home (FAFH) were approximated and analyzed. Costs were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models as a function of diet.
    Results: Fifteen subjects enrolled; 12 completed all dietary phases. The baseline, DASH, and WFPB diets, as consumed, cost $15.72/d (95% CI; $13.91, $17.53), $12.74/d ($11.23, $14.25), and $9.78/d ($7.97, $11.59), respectively. When adjusted to an 1800 kcal/d intake, the baseline, DASH, and WFPB diets cost $15.69/d ($13.87, $17.52), $14.92/d ($13.59, $16.26), and $11.96/d ($10.14, $13.78), respectively. When approximated ingredient-only costs of FAFH were analyzed, as consumed baseline [$11.01 ($9.53, $12.49)] and DASH diets [$11.81 ($10.44, $13.18)] had similar costs; WFPB diet [$8.83 ($7.35, $10.31)] cost the least.
    Conclusions: In this short-term study with meals provided, the food costs of plant-predominant diets offering substantial metabolic health benefits were less than or similar to baseline food costs of adults with insulin-treated T2DM. Longer-term data without meal provision are needed for more generalizable results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04048642.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diet, Plant-Based ; Diet ; Meals ; Insulins ; Hypertension
    Chemical Substances Insulins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Clinical Outcomes and Echocardiographic Predictors of Reintervention After Interrupted Aortic Arch Repair.

    McMullen, Hannah L / Harrington, Jamie K / Blitzer, David / Pasumarti, Nikhil / Levasseur, Stéphanie / Bacha, Emile / Kalfa, David

    Pediatric cardiology

    2024  Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 967–975

    Abstract: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) remains a significant complication after primary repair of interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect (IAA-VSD). Clinical and echocardiographic predictors for LVOTO reoperation are ... ...

    Abstract Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) remains a significant complication after primary repair of interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect (IAA-VSD). Clinical and echocardiographic predictors for LVOTO reoperation are controversial and procedures to prophylactically prevent future LVOTO are not reliable. However, it is important to identify the patients at risk for future LVOTO intervention after repair of IAA-VSD. Patients who underwent single-stage IAA-VSD repair at our center 2006-2021 were retrospectively reviewed, excluding patients with associated cardiac lesions. Two-dimensional measurements, LVOT gradients, and 4-chamber (4C) and short-axis (SAXM) strain were obtained from preoperative and predischarge echocardiograms. Univariate risk analysis for LVOTO reoperation was performed using unpaired t-test. Thirty patients were included with 21 (70%) IAA subtype B and mean weight at surgery 3.0 kg. Repair included aortic arch patch augmentation in 20 patients and subaortic obstruction intervention in three patients. Seven (23%) required reoperations for LVOTO. Patient characteristics were similar between patients who required LVOT reoperation and those who did not. Patch augmentation was not associated with LVOTO reintervention. Patients requiring reintervention had significantly smaller LVOT AP diameter preoperatively and at discharge, and higher LVOT velocity, smaller AV annular diameter, and ascending aortic diameter at discharge. There was an association between LVOT-indexed cross-sectional area (CSAcm
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Reoperation ; Aorta, Thoracic/surgery ; Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/surgery ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnostic imaging ; Infant ; Postoperative Complications ; Infant, Newborn ; Treatment Outcome ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800857-7
    ISSN 1432-1971 ; 0172-0643
    ISSN (online) 1432-1971
    ISSN 0172-0643
    DOI 10.1007/s00246-024-03419-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Antheridiogen controls spatial dynamics of sex expression in naturally occurring gametophytes of the tree fern Cyathea multiflora.

    Harrington, Aidan D / Blake-Mahmud, Jennifer / Watkins, James E

    American journal of botany

    2022  Volume 109, Issue 8, Page(s) 1313–1325

    Abstract: ... clustered. In two of the colonies, the K(r) test statistic for males was greater than expected compared ...

    Abstract Premise: Antheridiogen systems are a set of pheromonal mechanisms that control sex expression in fern gametophytes. However, antheridiogen has rarely been studied outside of the laboratory, and little is known about its function in natural settings. Combining predictions based on field and laboratory study, we tested whether the sexual structure of gametophytic colonies of a tree fern were attributable to antheridiogen.
    Methods: Gametophytic colonies of the antheridiogen-producing tree fern Cyathea multiflora were collected at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica in January 2019. The sex of each gametophyte was determined, mapped, and spatial statistic approaches were used to examine the distribution of sex in each colony.
    Results: In all gametophytic colonies, males were most common, representing 62-68% of individuals. No hermaphroditic gametophytes were identified in any colony. A quadrat-based method showed female gametophytes were not clustered in each colony, while male gametophytes were clustered. In two of the colonies, the K(r) test statistic for males was greater than expected compared to random simulations of sex expression, indicating male sex expression was spatially associated with females.
    Conclusions: This study provides the first documentation of spatial sex expression in natural settings of gametophytes of an antheridiogen-producing tree fern species. The profound impact of antheridiogen on gametophytic sex expression in field settings suggests this system is intimately tied to mating system, fitness, and genetic diversity in Cyathea multiflora.
    MeSH term(s) Costa Rica ; Ferns/genetics ; Germ Cells, Plant ; Pheromones ; Reproduction
    Chemical Substances Pheromones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2935-x
    ISSN 1537-2197 ; 0002-9122
    ISSN (online) 1537-2197
    ISSN 0002-9122
    DOI 10.1002/ajb2.16040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Adaptation of the sexual and reproductive empowerment scale for adolescents and young adults in Kenya.

    Harrington, Elizabeth K / Congo, Ouma / Kimanthi, Syovata / Dollah, Annabell / Onono, Maricianah / Mugo, Nelly / Barnabas, Ruanne V / Bukusi, Elizabeth A / Upadhyay, Ushma D

    PLOS global public health

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 10, Page(s) e0001978

    Abstract: Measuring empowerment is critical to understanding the level of control adolescents and young adults (AYA) have over their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, and could provide a key window into addressing their unique SRH needs. We adapted ... ...

    Abstract Measuring empowerment is critical to understanding the level of control adolescents and young adults (AYA) have over their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, and could provide a key window into addressing their unique SRH needs. We adapted the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment (SRE) scale for AYA for use in an East African context. This multi-method qualitative study sampled 15-23 year-old female adolescents and young adults in Kisumu, Kenya. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 30) and analyzed transcripts with an inductive, constant comparison approach. Empowerment domains were integrated with Kabeer's (1999) framework in a conceptual model, which we referenced to revise the original and develop new scale items. Items underwent expert review, and were condensed and translated through team-based consensus-building. We evaluated content validity in cognitive interviews (n = 25), during which item phrasing and word choice were revised to generate an adapted SRE scale. Participants (n = 55) had a median age of 18 (range 16-23), and 75% were under 19 years. We categorize three types of adaptations to the SRE scale: new item generation, item revision, and translation/linguistic considerations. We developed nine new items reflecting AYA's experiences and new domains of empowerment that emerged from the data; new domains relate to self-efficacy in accessing sexual and reproductive health care, and how material needs are met. All items were revised and translated to echo concepts and language relevant to participants, navigating the multilingualism common in many African countries. Centering the voices of female Kenyan AYA, this study provides insight into measuring the latent construct of adolescent sexual and reproductive empowerment in an East African setting, and supports the adapted SRE scale's content validity for Kenya. We detail our multi-method, theory-driven approach, contributing to limited methods guidance for measure adaptation across contexts and among diverse adolescent populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001978
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  8. Article: Research capacity training for surveillance and response in the Indo-Pacific: a case study of implementation.

    Carlisle, K / Larkins, S / Whittaker, M / MacLaren, D / Harrington, H / Delai, M

    Public health action

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 61–68

    Abstract: Setting: Surveillance and response workforce in the Indo-Pacific region, including Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands, Fiji, Eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste.: Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a modified WHO SORT IT research ... ...

    Abstract Setting: Surveillance and response workforce in the Indo-Pacific region, including Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands, Fiji, Eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste.
    Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a modified WHO SORT IT research training programme which included a workplace-based research project. The training was designed for surveillance and response frontline workforce in the Indo-Pacific region.
    Design: This was a programme evaluation using mixed methods. Fifty-three health and biosecurity workers from Fiji, Indonesia, PNG, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste participated in the research training programme.
    Results: Implementation of the programme was modified to reflect the context of participant countries. Work-place research projects focused on priority issues identified by local policy makers and in-country stakeholders. Self-reported research skills showed a significant increase (
    Conclusions: This case study provides lessons learnt for future research training, and demonstrates that the SORT IT model can be modified to reflect the context of implementation without compromising purpose or outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-03
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2220-8372
    ISSN 2220-8372
    DOI 10.5588/pha.20.0067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Early surgery compared to nonoperative management for mild degenerative cervical myelopathy: a cost-utility analysis.

    Malhotra, Armaan K / Shakil, Husain / Harrington, Erin M / Fehlings, Michael G / Wilson, Jefferson R / Witiw, Christopher D

    The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–31

    Abstract: Background context: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a form of acquired spinal cord compression and contributes to reduced quality of life secondary to neurological dysfunction and pain. There remains uncertainty regarding optimal management ... ...

    Abstract Background context: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a form of acquired spinal cord compression and contributes to reduced quality of life secondary to neurological dysfunction and pain. There remains uncertainty regarding optimal management for individuals with mild myelopathy. Specifically, owing to lacking long-term natural history studies in this population, we do not know whether these individuals should be treated with initial surgery or observation.
    Purpose: We sought to perform a cost-utility analysis to examine early surgery for mild degenerative cervical myelopathy from the healthcare payer perspective.
    Study design/setting: We utilized data from the prospective observational cohorts included in the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy AO Spine International and North America studies to determine health related quality of life estimates and clinical myelopathy outcomes.
    Patient sample: We recruited all patients that underwent surgery for DCM enrolled in the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy AO Spine International and North America studies between December 2005 and January 2011.
    Outcome measures: Clinical assessment measures were obtained using the Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale and health-related quality of life measures were obtained using the Short Form-6D utility score at baseline (preoperative), 6 months, 12 months and 24 months postsurgery. Cost measures inflated to January 2015 values were obtained using pooled estimates from the hospital payer perspective for surgical patients.
    Methods: We employed a Markov state transition model with Monte Carlo microsimulation using a lifetime horizon to obtain an incremental cost utility ratio associated with early surgery for mild myelopathy. Parameter uncertainty was assessed through deterministic means using one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistically using parameter estimate distributions with microsimulation (10,000 trials). Costs and utilities were discounted at 3% per annum.
    Results: Initial surgery for mild degenerative cervical myelopathy was associated with an incremental lifetime increase of 1.26 quality-adjusted life years (QALY) compared to observation. The associated cost incurred to the healthcare payer over a lifetime horizon was $12,894.56, resulting in a lifetime incremental cost-utility ratio of $10,250.71/QALY. Utilizing a willingness to pay threshold in keeping with the World Health Organization definition of "very cost-effective" ($54,000 CDN), the probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that 100% of cases were cost-effective.
    Conclusions: Surgery compared to initial observation for mild degenerative cervical myelopathy was cost-effective from the Canadian healthcare payer perspective and was associated with lifetime gains in health-related quality of life.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Canada ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Cord Compression/etiology ; Spinal Cord Compression/surgery ; Spinal Cord Diseases/surgery ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2037072-6
    ISSN 1878-1632 ; 1529-9430
    ISSN (online) 1878-1632
    ISSN 1529-9430
    DOI 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.06.003
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  10. Article: Multidisciplinary Simulation Improves Resident Confidence for Pregnant Patients Requiring Surgical Intervention.

    Harrington, James / Duncan, Gary / DAngelo, Karen / Gable, Brad D

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e23454

    Abstract: Introduction: Hepatocellular adenomas are a rare but serious cause of bleeding, which is further complicated by pregnancy. Interprofessional cooperation is a key component of residency education, thus simulations designed to integrate multiple programs ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Hepatocellular adenomas are a rare but serious cause of bleeding, which is further complicated by pregnancy. Interprofessional cooperation is a key component of residency education, thus simulations designed to integrate multiple programs are mutually beneficial. This simulation details surgical and obstetric management of a pregnant patient in hemorrhagic shock from a bleeding hepatocellular adenoma. Objectives for the study were to evaluate learners' confidence to 1) prioritize the care of a pregnant patient with hemoperitoneum and hemorrhagic shock, 2) demonstrate interdisciplinary collaboration with other specialties, 3) apply massive transfusion protocol (MTP) in the appropriate clinical setting, and 4) analyze critical decisions for evaluating pregnant females with severe abdominal pain.
    Methods: Obstetric, general surgery, and anesthesia residents, along with labor and delivery nurses participated in a simulated clinical scenario that focused on the management of a pregnant patient in hemorrhagic shock. The learners evaluated the educational session using a standard Return on Investment in Learning survey immediately following the session.
    Results: A total of 23 residents and medical students gave feedback on the experience. The main learning objectives were met with increased confidence in the four learning objectives by 77.3-95.4% of responders. Overall, greater than 90% of participants felt the simulation was relevant to their training and realistic, with 100% responding that the course provided new, or clarified existing information for them.
    Conclusion: A multidisciplinary simulation-based educational intervention was successful in improving learner confidence in managing a complicated surgical emergency in a pregnant patient with inter-residency cooperation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.23454
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