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Article ; Online: Early neuro-rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury: the need for an African perspective.

Buh, Franklin Chu / Hutchinson, Peter J A / Anwar, Fahim

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 290

Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health challenge, affecting about 69 million individuals annually and being one of the leading causes of mortality. It has adverse consequences in terms of cognitive and physical functioning, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health challenge, affecting about 69 million individuals annually and being one of the leading causes of mortality. It has adverse consequences in terms of cognitive and physical functioning, which makes rehabilitation interventions an integral part of its management. Early neuro-rehabilitation guidelines for traumatic brain injury have not yet been developed and implemented in most of Africa especially Sub-Saharan Africa. BODY: We aimed with this Opinion to propose a collective reflection on the development and implementation of early neuro-rehabilitation guidelines as an integral part of the care in traumatic brain injury. The different aspects to be considered for reflection have been highlighted: Traumatic brain injury severity to be considered in early neuro-rehabilitation; who should be assessed and receive early neurorehabilitation, barriers to be considered for early neurorehabilitation; what early neurorehabilitation to be considered; the different phases involved in rehabilitation after mild, moderate, and severe TBI; and lastly, what perspective for the creation of neurorehabilitation teams. In conclusion, neuro-rehabilitation should start at the time of admission and should continue from the intensive care unit through the community for the moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury population. However, mild TBI should also be considered for long-term follow-up in the community due to the fact that some mild traumatic brain injury patients might develop chronic cognitive problems or fatigue with time. Conclusion: Neurorehabilitation should start at the time of admission and continue from the intensive care unit through the community for the moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury population. There is a need to develop, agree on, and implement guidelines on early neuro-rehabilitation interventions for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in the African region, where disparities in care are common reality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; Brain Injuries ; Neurological Rehabilitation ; Hospitalization ; Neurology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2131669-7
ISSN	1741-7015 ; 1741-7015
ISSN (online)	1741-7015
ISSN	1741-7015
DOI	10.1186/s12916-023-03009-z
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Article ; Online: Read the Signs

Peter Ochs / Essam Fahim / Paola Pinzon

Religions, Vol 13, Iss 4, p

Detecting Early Warning Signals of Interreligious Conflict

2022 Volume 329

Abstract: Building on recent directions in religion-related social and political science, our essay addresses the need for location-specific and religion-specific scientific research that might contribute directly to local and regional interreligious peacemaking. ... ...

Abstract	Building on recent directions in religion-related social and political science, our essay addresses the need for location-specific and religion-specific scientific research that might contribute directly to local and regional interreligious peacemaking. Over the past 11 years, our US–Pakistani research team has conducted research of this kind. We have developed a social scientific method for diagnosing the probable near-future behavior of religious stakeholder groups toward other groups. By integrating features of ethnography, linguistics, and semiotics, the method enables researchers to read a range of ethno-linguistic signals that appear uniquely in the discourses of religious groups. Examining the results, we observe, firstly, that our religion and location-specific science identifies features of religious group behavior that are not evident in broader social scientific studies of religion and conflict. We observe, secondly, that our science integrates constative and performative elements: it seeks facts, and it serves a purpose. We conclude that strictly constative fact-driven sciences may fail to detect certain crucial features of religious stakeholder group behavior.
Keywords	religion ; interreligious conflict ; science ; constative ; performative ; peacemaking ; Religions. Mythology. Rationalism ; BL1-2790
Subject code	200
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Early neuro-rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury

Franklin Chu Buh / Peter J. A. Hutchinson / Fahim Anwar

BMC Medicine, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

the need for an African perspective

2023 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health challenge, affecting about 69 million individuals annually and being one of the leading causes of mortality. It has adverse consequences in terms of cognitive and physical ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health challenge, affecting about 69 million individuals annually and being one of the leading causes of mortality. It has adverse consequences in terms of cognitive and physical functioning, which makes rehabilitation interventions an integral part of its management. Early neuro-rehabilitation guidelines for traumatic brain injury have not yet been developed and implemented in most of Africa especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Body We aimed with this Opinion to propose a collective reflection on the development and implementation of early neuro-rehabilitation guidelines as an integral part of the care in traumatic brain injury. The different aspects to be considered for reflection have been highlighted: Traumatic brain injury severity to be considered in early neuro-rehabilitation; who should be assessed and receive early neurorehabilitation, barriers to be considered for early neurorehabilitation; what early neurorehabilitation to be considered; the different phases involved in rehabilitation after mild, moderate, and severe TBI; and lastly, what perspective for the creation of neurorehabilitation teams. In conclusion, neuro-rehabilitation should start at the time of admission and should continue from the intensive care unit through the community for the moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury population. However, mild TBI should also be considered for long-term follow-up in the community due to the fact that some mild traumatic brain injury patients might develop chronic cognitive problems or fatigue with time. Conclusion Neurorehabilitation should start at the time of admission and continue from the intensive care unit through the community for the moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury population. There is a need to develop, agree on, and implement guidelines on early neuro-rehabilitation interventions for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in the African region, where disparities in care are common reality.
Keywords	Early neurorehabilitation ; Traumatic brain injury ; African perspective ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Osmotic Tubulopathy and Acute Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With a Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Fahim, Peter / Nicolaysen, Anthony / Yabu, Julie M / Zuckerman, Jonathan E

Kidney medicine

2022 Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) 100492

Abstract: Acute kidney injury is a known complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for which many different pathophysiological processes have been reported. Here, we present a case of a 45-year-old kidney transplant ... ...

Abstract	Acute kidney injury is a known complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for which many different pathophysiological processes have been reported. Here, we present a case of a 45-year-old kidney transplant recipient with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by an episode of acute kidney injury 26 months after transplant. She had minimal respiratory symptoms, pancytopenia, mild hematuria, and proteinuria. A kidney biopsy revealed acute thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) as well as an osmotic tubulopathy. The TMA was favored to be secondary to the SARS-CoV-2 infection because other etiologies for TMA, such as acute calcineurin inhibitor toxicity and acute antibody-mediated rejection, were excluded. The osmotic tubulopathy was favored to be secondary to remdesivir therapy, specifically related to the sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin solubilizing carrier agent used in its formulation. The patient's kidney function improved after resolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case illustrates a unique occurrence of kidney injury secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-COVID-19 therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2590-0595
ISSN (online)	2590-0595
DOI	10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100492
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Article ; Online: Local progression kinetics of macular atrophy in recessive Stargardt disease.

Young, Benjamin K / Zhao, Peter Y / Shen, Liangbo L / Fahim, Abigail T / Jayasundera, K Thiran

Ophthalmic genetics

2023 Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 539–546

Abstract: Background: To determine the effect of lesion topography on progression in Stargardt disease (STGD1).: Methods: Fundus autofluoresence (excitation 488 nm) images of 193 eyes in patients with proven : Results: Incidence of atrophy was highest near ... ...

Abstract	Background: To determine the effect of lesion topography on progression in Stargardt disease (STGD1). Methods: Fundus autofluoresence (excitation 488 nm) images of 193 eyes in patients with proven Results: Incidence of atrophy was highest near the fovea, then decreased in incidence with increased foveal eccentricity. However, the rate of atrophy progression followed the opposite pattern; rate of atrophy increased with distance from foveal center. The mean growth rate 500 microns from the foveal center for DDAF + QDAF was 39 microns per year (95% CI = 28-49), whereas the mean growth rate 3000 microns from the foveal center was 342 microns per year (95% CI = 194-522). No difference in growth rate was noted by axis around the fovea. Conclusions: Incidence and progression of atrophy by fundus autofluorescence follow opposite patterns in STGD1. Further, atrophy progression increases significantly with distance from foveal center, which should be taken into consideration in clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stargardt Disease/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; Visual Acuity ; Macular Degeneration/diagnosis ; Macular Degeneration/genetics ; Fundus Oculi ; Atrophy/complications ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
Chemical Substances	ABCA4 protein, human ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1199279-7
ISSN	1744-5094 ; 0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
ISSN (online)	1744-5094
ISSN	0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
DOI	10.1080/13816810.2023.2228891
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Article ; Online: Cystoid macular edema precipitated by altitude in a patient with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.

Zhao, Peter Y / Hovland, Peter G / Fahim, Abigail Teich

Ophthalmic genetics

2020 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 275–278

Abstract: Background: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a hereditary retinopathy that may present with cystoid macular edema (CME). The exact cause of CME in XLRP is unknown. We describe a case report of new-onset CME precipitated by travel to high altitude ...

Abstract	Background: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a hereditary retinopathy that may present with cystoid macular edema (CME). The exact cause of CME in XLRP is unknown. We describe a case report of new-onset CME precipitated by travel to high altitude in an adult with XLRP, but no known prior history of CME. Case description: A 38-year-old man with XLRP caused by a hemizygous pathogenic variant in Conclusion: Vascular and metabolic changes caused by retinal degeneration in XLRP may predispose to the development of CME under the hypoxic conditions experienced at high altitudes. We advise that retinal specialists treating patients with RP should caution them on traveling to high altitudes that could precipitate or exacerbate CME.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Altitude ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/complications ; Humans ; Macular Edema/etiology ; Macular Edema/pathology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1199279-7
ISSN	1744-5094 ; 0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
ISSN (online)	1744-5094
ISSN	0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
DOI	10.1080/13816810.2020.1762901
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Article ; Online: Crack Detection in Concrete Structures Using Deep Learning

Vaughn Peter Golding / Zahra Gharineiat / Hafiz Suliman Munawar / Fahim Ullah

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 8117, p

2022 Volume 8117

Abstract: Infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, pavement, etc., needs to be examined periodically to maintain its reliability and structural health. Visual signs of cracks and depressions indicate stress and wear and tear over time, leading to failure/ ... ...

Abstract	Infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, pavement, etc., needs to be examined periodically to maintain its reliability and structural health. Visual signs of cracks and depressions indicate stress and wear and tear over time, leading to failure/collapse if these cracks are located at critical locations, such as in load-bearing joints. Manual inspection is carried out by experienced inspectors who require long inspection times and rely on their empirical and subjective knowledge. This lengthy process results in delays that further compromise the infrastructure’s structural integrity. To address this limitation, this study proposes a deep learning (DL)-based autonomous crack detection method using the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique. To improve the CNN classification performance for enhanced pixel segmentation, 40,000 RGB images were processed before training a pretrained VGG16 architecture to create different CNN models. The chosen methods (grayscale, thresholding, and edge detection) have been used in image processing (IP) for crack detection, but not in DL. The study found that the grayscale models (F1 score for 10 epochs: 99.331%, 20 epochs: 99.549%) had a similar performance to the RGB models (F1 score for 10 epochs: 99.432%, 20 epochs: 99.533%), with the performance increasing at a greater rate with more training (grayscale: +2 TP, +11 TN images; RGB: +2 TP, +4 TN images). The thresholding and edge-detection models had reduced performance compared to the RGB models (20-epoch F1 score to RGB: thresholding −0.723%, edge detection −0.402%). This suggests that DL crack detection does not rely on colour. Hence, the model has implications for the automated crack detection of concrete infrastructures and the enhanced reliability of the gathered information.
Keywords	crack detection ; convolutional neural network ; image processing ; deep learning ; damage detection ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Molecular docking and pharmacophore models to probe binding hypothesis of inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor-1.

Rehman, Zaira / Jabeen, Ishrat / Fahim, Ammad / Bhatti, Attya / John, Peter

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2021 Volume 40, Issue 17, Page(s) 7714–7725

Abstract: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to hypoxia and is involved in tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Dimerization between HIF-1α and β subunits has been recognized crucial ... ...

Abstract	Hypoxia inducible factor-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to hypoxia and is involved in tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Dimerization between HIF-1α and β subunits has been recognized crucial for DNA binding and transcriptional activity of HIF-1. Therefore, inhibitors of α and β dimerization subunits of HIF-1 may potentially evade HIF-1-mediated chemotherapy resistance. In the current study, ligand-based pharmacophore model was developed to determine 3 D binding features of HIF-1 inhibitors. The selected pharmacophore model comprises of one hydrogen bond donor, one hydrogen bond acceptor and one hydrophobic feature. The selected model was used for virtual screening of publically available data base by ChemBridge Corporation. Overall, six potential hits against HIF-1α and β dimerization have been identified. These include, Hit
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/chemistry ; Benzoic Acid ; DNA/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia/genetics ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Ligands ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Sulfonamides
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Ligands ; Sulfonamides ; Benzoic Acid (8SKN0B0MIM) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2021.1914167
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Article ; Online: Automated Segmentation of Autofluorescence Lesions in Stargardt Disease.

Zhao, Peter Y / Branham, Kari / Schlegel, Dana / Fahim, Abigail T / Jayasundera, K Thiran

Ophthalmology. Retina

2022 Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) 1098–1104

Abstract: Objective: To train a deep learning (DL) algorithm to perform fully automated semantic segmentation of multiple autofluorescence lesion types in Stargardt disease.: Design: Cross-sectional study with retrospective imaging data.: Subjects: The ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To train a deep learning (DL) algorithm to perform fully automated semantic segmentation of multiple autofluorescence lesion types in Stargardt disease. Design: Cross-sectional study with retrospective imaging data. Subjects: The study included 193 images from 193 eyes of 97 patients with Stargardt disease. Methods: Fundus autofluorescence images obtained from patient visits between 2013 and 2020 were annotated with ground-truth labels. Model training and evaluation were performed using fivefold cross-validation. Main outcomes measures: Dice similarity coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman analyses comparing algorithm-predicted and grader-labeled segmentations. Results: The overall Dice similarity coefficient across all lesion classes was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.86). Dice coefficients were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.94) for areas of definitely decreased autofluorescence (DDAF), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.35-0.76) for areas of questionably decreased autofluorescence (QDAF), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.73-1.00) for areas of abnormal background autofluorescence (ABAF). Intraclass correlation coefficients comparing the ground-truth and automated methods were 0.997 (95% CI, 0.996-0.998) for DDAF, 0.863 (95% CI, 0.823-0.895) for QDAF, and 0.974 (95% CI, 0.966-0.980) for ABAF. Conclusions: A DL algorithm performed accurate segmentation of autofluorescence lesions in Stargardt disease, demonstrating the feasibility of fully automated segmentation as an alternative to manual or semiautomated labeling methods.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stargardt Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Algorithms ; Optical Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2468-6530
ISSN (online)	2468-6530
DOI	10.1016/j.oret.2022.05.020
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Article ; Online: About Time to Join Forces within Agricultural Health & Safety!?

Lundqvist, Peter / Franklin, Richard / Shutske, John / Lee, Kyungsuk / Grigioni, Marcos / Fahim, Ayman Ekram

Journal of agromedicine

2021 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 284–287

MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Humans ; Occupational Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1289325-0
ISSN	1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
ISSN (online)	1545-0813
ISSN	1059-924X
DOI	10.1080/1059924X.2021.1893879
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