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  1. Article: Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

    Van Campenhout, Jelle / Ann Vanreusel

    Helgoland marine research. 2017 Jan., v. 70, no. 1

    2017  

    Abstract: The deep-sea free-living nematode Halomonhystera hermesi, dominant in the sulphidic sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (1280 m, Barent sea slope), is part of the mainly estuarine Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex consisting of five cryptic ... ...

    Abstract The deep-sea free-living nematode Halomonhystera hermesi, dominant in the sulphidic sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (1280 m, Barent sea slope), is part of the mainly estuarine Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex consisting of five cryptic species (GD1–GD5). Cryptic species have a very similar morphology raising questions on their specific environmental differences. This study analyzed total fatty acid (FA) compositions of H. hermesi and GD1, one of H. hermesi’s closest relatives. Additionally, we experimentally investigated the effect of a temperature reduction, salinity increase and sulphide concentrations on GD1’s FA composition. Because nematodes are expected to have low amounts of storage FA, total FA compositions most likely reflect FA contents of cellular membranes. The deep-sea nematode H. hermesi had significantly lower saturation levels and increased highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFAs) proportions due to the presence of docosahexanoic acid (DHA—22:6ω3) and higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA—20:5ω3) proportions. HUFAs were absent in H. hermesi’s food source indicating the ability and need for this nematode to synthesize HUFAs in a deep-sea environment. Our experimental data revealed that only a decrease in temperature resulted in lower saturated fatty acids proportions, indicating that the FA content of H. hermesi is most likely a response to temperature but not to sulphide concentrations or salinity differences. In experimental nematodes, EPA proportions were low and DHA was absent indicating that other factors than temperature, salinity and sulphides mediate the presence of these HUFAs in H. hermesi.
    Keywords Nematoda ; cell membranes ; docosahexaenoic acid ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; estuaries ; fatty acid composition ; free-living nematodes ; littoral zone ; salinity ; saturated fatty acids ; sediments ; sulfides ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-01
    Size p. 8.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1495261-0
    ISSN 1438-3888 ; 1438-387X
    ISSN (online) 1438-3888
    ISSN 1438-387X
    DOI 10.1186/s10152-016-0467-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Biobank@VITO: Biobanking the General Population in Flanders.

    Van Den Heuvel, Rosette / Den Hond, Elly / Colles, Ann / Nelen, Vera / Van Campenhout, Karen / Schoeters, Greet

    Frontiers in medicine

    2020  Volume 7, Page(s) 37

    Abstract: During the last 15 years, VITO has established an infrastructure for biobanking a collection of biological samples from the general population in Flanders (Belgium). This biobank was set up to contribute to future, yet unspecified, research questions in ... ...

    Abstract During the last 15 years, VITO has established an infrastructure for biobanking a collection of biological samples from the general population in Flanders (Belgium). This biobank was set up to contribute to future, yet unspecified, research questions in the field of environment and health. Biobank@VITO is a population biobank in which bio-specimen including human peripheral blood, cord blood, and blood derivatives (e.g., serum, plasma, cells, RNA, DNA), urine, hair, nails, exhaled breath condensate, saliva DNA, and human breast milk collected from non-diseased populations are preserved. Currently, the biobank stores about 70,000 samples from 7,700 individuals. These biospecimen were collected since 2002 in different human biomonitoring studies comprising European (e.g., DEMOCOPHES, HBM4EU), national (e.g., WHO human breastmilk studies), Flemish (Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) campaigns), and local (e.g., hotspots, 3xG project) well-defined and ethically approved research projects. Participants to the surveys included different age groups (newborns, children, adolescents, and adults) and were representatively selected with regard to gender, age class, residence, and/or socioeconomic status (SES). In each campaign, samples were stored in the Biobank@VITO. The registration, preservation, and management of the samples in the biobank were done in a qualitative and uniform manner which guarantees the traceability of all samples. The samples in the biobank have an extended information backbone on the lifestyle, environment, and health status of the donor. The biological samples in the biobank are an invaluable archive that can be used to address specific policy and research questions in the future, to test old samples with new technology and according to the latest methods and insights or to measure newly identified pollutants in old samples looking for long-term trends.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2020.00037
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  3. Article: Towards establishing the spoilage mechanisms of the long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville

    Ssepuuya, Geoffrey / Nakimbugwe, Dorothy / Van Campenhout, Leen / De Winne, Ann / Claes, Johan / Van Der Borght, Mik

    European food research & technology. 2021 Dec., v. 247, no. 12

    2021  

    Abstract: Unlike other foods of animal origin, the spoilage mechanisms of edible insects remain unknown. This research intends to establish the cause of spoilage of the long-horned grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, with high and low water activity (aw). To achieve ... ...

    Abstract Unlike other foods of animal origin, the spoilage mechanisms of edible insects remain unknown. This research intends to establish the cause of spoilage of the long-horned grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, with high and low water activity (aw). To achieve this, fresh and spoiled raw and processed grasshoppers stored under different conditions were assessed for (i) fat oxidation, (ii) antioxidant levels, and (iii) volatile compounds which served as indicators for different spoilage mechanisms. Results indicate that the free fatty acid value (6.69% as oleic acid), peroxide value (2.66 mEq O₂/kg) and p-anisidine value (1.04) of fresh R. differens are similar to those of spoiled raw (aw = 0.98) and oven-roasted (aw = 0.95) R. differens. The headspace of the latter only possesses volatile sulphur compounds (dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide), indicating microbial spoilage. Conversely, the headspace of spoiled R. differens with low aw (< 0.60) only possess volatile aldehydes, ketones and organic acids, indicating oxidative rancidity. The latter have high acid (11.3% as oleic acid), peroxide (17.09 mEq O₂/kg) and p-anisidine (11.84) values. Thus, water activity plays an important role in determining the kind of spoilage that R. differens will undergo.
    Keywords Ruspolia differens ; acid value ; antioxidants ; disulfides ; food research ; free fatty acids ; grasshoppers ; headspace analysis ; lipid metabolism ; oleic acid ; p-anisidine value ; peroxide value ; rancidity ; spoilage ; sulfur ; technology ; water activity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 2915-2926.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1359456-4
    ISSN 1431-4630 ; 1438-2377
    ISSN 1431-4630 ; 1438-2377
    DOI 10.1007/s00217-021-03824-9
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    Z 792: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Transcription, Signaling Receptor Activity, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediate the Presence of Closely Related Species in Distinct Intertidal and Cold-Seep Habitats.

    Van Campenhout, Jelle / Vanreusel, Ann / Van Belleghem, Steven / Derycke, Sofie

    Genome biology and evolution

    2015  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–69

    Abstract: Bathyal cold seeps are isolated extreme deep-sea environments characterized by low species diversity while biomass can be high. The Håkon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea, 1,280 m) is a rather stable chemosynthetic driven habitat characterized by prominent ...

    Abstract Bathyal cold seeps are isolated extreme deep-sea environments characterized by low species diversity while biomass can be high. The Håkon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea, 1,280 m) is a rather stable chemosynthetic driven habitat characterized by prominent surface bacterial mats with high sulfide concentrations and low oxygen levels. Here, the nematode Halomonhystera hermesi thrives in high abundances (11,000 individuals 10 cm(-2)). Halomonhystera hermesi is a member of the intertidal Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex that includes five cryptic species (GD1-5). GD1-5's common habitat is characterized by strong environmental fluctuations. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of H. hermesi and GD1, H. hermesi's closest relative. Genes encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation are more strongly expressed in H. hermesi than in GD1, and many genes were only observed in H. hermesi while being completely absent in GD1. Both observations could in part be attributed to high sulfide concentrations and low oxygen levels. Additionally, fatty acid elongation was also prominent in H. hermesi confirming the importance of highly unsaturated fatty acids in this species. Significant higher amounts of transcription factors and genes involved in signaling receptor activity were observed in GD1 (many of which were completely absent in H. hermesi), allowing fast signaling and transcriptional reprogramming which can mediate survival in dynamic intertidal environments. GC content was approximately 8% higher in H. hermesi coding unigenes resulting in differential codon usage between both species and a higher proportion of amino acids with GC-rich codons in H. hermesi. In general our results showed that most pathways were active in both environments and that only three genes are under natural selection. This indicates that also plasticity should be taken in consideration in the evolutionary history of Halomonhystera species. Such plasticity, as well as possible preadaptation to low oxygen and high sulfide levels might have played an important role in the establishment of a cold-seep Halomonhystera population.
    MeSH term(s) Acclimatization ; Animals ; Base Composition ; Cold Temperature ; Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Genes, Helminth ; Genetic Speciation ; Helminth Proteins/genetics ; Helminth Proteins/metabolism ; Nematoda/classification ; Nematoda/genetics ; Nematoda/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids ; Helminth Proteins ; Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1759-6653
    ISSN (online) 1759-6653
    DOI 10.1093/gbe/evv242
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  5. Article ; Online: Biobank@VITO

    Rosette Van Den Heuvel / Elly Den Hond / Ann Colles / Vera Nelen / Karen Van Campenhout / Greet Schoeters

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    Biobanking the General Population in Flanders

    2020  Volume 7

    Abstract: During the last 15 years, VITO has established an infrastructure for biobanking a collection of biological samples from the general population in Flanders (Belgium). This biobank was set up to contribute to future, yet unspecified, research questions in ... ...

    Abstract During the last 15 years, VITO has established an infrastructure for biobanking a collection of biological samples from the general population in Flanders (Belgium). This biobank was set up to contribute to future, yet unspecified, research questions in the field of environment and health. Biobank@VITO is a population biobank in which bio-specimen including human peripheral blood, cord blood, and blood derivatives (e.g., serum, plasma, cells, RNA, DNA), urine, hair, nails, exhaled breath condensate, saliva DNA, and human breast milk collected from non-diseased populations are preserved. Currently, the biobank stores about 70,000 samples from 7,700 individuals. These biospecimen were collected since 2002 in different human biomonitoring studies comprising European (e.g., DEMOCOPHES, HBM4EU), national (e.g., WHO human breastmilk studies), Flemish (Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) campaigns), and local (e.g., hotspots, 3xG project) well-defined and ethically approved research projects. Participants to the surveys included different age groups (newborns, children, adolescents, and adults) and were representatively selected with regard to gender, age class, residence, and/or socioeconomic status (SES). In each campaign, samples were stored in the Biobank@VITO. The registration, preservation, and management of the samples in the biobank were done in a qualitative and uniform manner which guarantees the traceability of all samples. The samples in the biobank have an extended information backbone on the lifestyle, environment, and health status of the donor. The biological samples in the biobank are an invaluable archive that can be used to address specific policy and research questions in the future, to test old samples with new technology and according to the latest methods and insights or to measure newly identified pollutants in old samples looking for long-term trends.
    Keywords population biobank ; human biomonitoring ; biobank ; FLEHS ; 3XG ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Physics-Based Simulations to Predict the Differential Effects of Motor Control and Musculoskeletal Deficits on Gait Dysfunction in Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Case Study.

    Falisse, Antoine / Pitto, Lorenzo / Kainz, Hans / Hoang, Hoa / Wesseling, Mariska / Van Rossom, Sam / Papageorgiou, Eirini / Bar-On, Lynn / Hallemans, Ann / Desloovere, Kaat / Molenaers, Guy / Van Campenhout, Anja / De Groote, Friedl / Jonkers, Ilse

    Frontiers in human neuroscience

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 40

    Abstract: Physics-based simulations of walking have the theoretical potential to support clinical decision-making by predicting the functional outcome of treatments in terms of walking performance. Yet before using such simulations in clinical practice, their ... ...

    Abstract Physics-based simulations of walking have the theoretical potential to support clinical decision-making by predicting the functional outcome of treatments in terms of walking performance. Yet before using such simulations in clinical practice, their ability to identify the main treatment targets in specific patients needs to be demonstrated. In this study, we generated predictive simulations of walking with a medical imaging based neuro-musculoskeletal model of a child with cerebral palsy presenting crouch gait. We explored the influence of altered muscle-tendon properties, reduced neuromuscular control complexity, and spasticity on gait dysfunction in terms of joint kinematics, kinetics, muscle activity, and metabolic cost of transport. We modeled altered muscle-tendon properties by personalizing Hill-type muscle-tendon parameters based on data collected during functional movements, simpler neuromuscular control by reducing the number of independent muscle synergies, and spasticity through delayed muscle activity feedback from muscle force and force rate. Our simulations revealed that, in the presence of aberrant musculoskeletal geometries, altered muscle-tendon properties rather than reduced neuromuscular control complexity and spasticity were the primary cause of the crouch gait pattern observed for this child, which is in agreement with the clinical examination. These results suggest that muscle-tendon properties should be the primary target of interventions aiming to restore an upright gait pattern for this child. This suggestion is in line with the gait analysis following muscle-tendon property and bone deformity corrections. Future work should extend this single case analysis to more patients in order to validate the ability of our physics-based simulations to capture the gait patterns of individual patients pre- and post-treatment. Such validation would open the door for identifying targeted treatment strategies with the aim of designing optimized interventions for neuro-musculoskeletal disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2425477-0
    ISSN 1662-5161
    ISSN 1662-5161
    DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00040
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  7. Article ; Online: Differences in life-histories refute ecological equivalence of cryptic species and provide clues to the origin of bathyal Halomonhystera (Nematoda).

    Van Campenhout, Jelle / Derycke, Sofie / Moens, Tom / Vanreusel, Ann

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) e111889

    Abstract: The discovery of morphologically very similar but genetically distinct species complicates a proper understanding of the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Cryptic species have been frequently observed to co-occur and are thus expected ... ...

    Abstract The discovery of morphologically very similar but genetically distinct species complicates a proper understanding of the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Cryptic species have been frequently observed to co-occur and are thus expected to be ecological equivalent. The marine nematode Halomonhystera disjuncta contains five cryptic species (GD1-5) that co-occur in the Westerschelde estuary. In this study, we investigated the effect of three abiotic factors (salinity, temperature and sulphide) on life-history traits of three cryptic H. disjuncta species (GD1-3). Our results show that temperature had the most profound influence on all life-cycle parameters compared to a smaller effect of salinity. Life-history traits of closely related cryptic species were differentially affected by temperature, salinity and presence of sulphides which shows that cryptic H. disjuncta species are not ecologically equivalent. Our results further revealed that GD1 had the highest tolerance to a combination of sulphides, high salinities and low temperatures. The close phylogenetic position of GD1 to Halomonhystera hermesi, the dominant species in sulphidic sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (Barent Sea, 1280 m depth), indicates that both species share a recent common ancestor. Differential life-history responses to environmental changes among cryptic species may have crucial consequences for our perception on ecosystem functioning and coexistence of cryptic species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects ; Male ; Nematoda/embryology ; Nematoda/growth & development ; Oviposition/drug effects ; Ovum/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Salinity ; Sulfides/pharmacology ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Sulfides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111889
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  8. Article ; Online: Osteoprotegerin, vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.

    Van Campenhout, Ann / Golledge, Jonathan

    Atherosclerosis

    2008  Volume 204, Issue 2, Page(s) 321–329

    Abstract: The association of bone pathologies with atherosclerosis has stimulated the search for common mediators linking the skeletal and the vascular system. Since its initial discovery as a key regulator in bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin (OPG) has become the ... ...

    Abstract The association of bone pathologies with atherosclerosis has stimulated the search for common mediators linking the skeletal and the vascular system. Since its initial discovery as a key regulator in bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin (OPG) has become the subject of intense interest for its role in vascular disease and calcification. Studies in vitro and in animal models suggest that OPG inhibits vascular calcification. Paradoxically however, clinical studies suggest that serum OPG levels increase in association with vascular calcification, coronary artery disease, stroke and future cardiovascular events. This has led to an extensive debate on the potential of OPG as a biomarker of vascular disease. However the exact significance and mechanisms by which this bone-regulatory protein influences cardiovascular pathophysiology is still unclear. The need for a more complete picture is being addressed in increasing valuable research indicating OPG as not only a marker but also a mediator of vascular pathology modulating osteogenic, inflammatory and apoptotic responses. By integrating the results of recent experimental research, animal models and clinical studies, this review summarises the present understanding of the role of OPG in vascular disease and calcification.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Calcinosis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Osteoprotegerin/blood ; Osteoprotegerin/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Osteoprotegerin ; RANK Ligand ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10-09
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80061-2
    ISSN 1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
    ISSN (online) 1879-1484
    ISSN 0021-9150
    DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.033
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  9. Article: Experimental evidence for selective settlement of meiofauna from two distinct environments after sediment suspension

    Mevenkamp, Lisa / Ann Vanreusel / Jelle Van Campenhout

    Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology. 2016 Jan., v. 474

    2016  

    Abstract: The cosmopolitan distribution of many meiofaunal organisms raises questions about their dispersal. The small size and the lack of a planktonic life stage of most meiofauna taxa including free-living nematodes suggest that passive dispersal is a main ... ...

    Abstract The cosmopolitan distribution of many meiofaunal organisms raises questions about their dispersal. The small size and the lack of a planktonic life stage of most meiofauna taxa including free-living nematodes suggest that passive dispersal is a main factor determining their distribution. This study investigates the settling behaviour of meiofauna in a water column under no-flow conditions. Two ex situ settling experiments were conducted with (1) macrophyte associated meiofauna from an intertidal salt marsh and (2) meiofauna of sulphidic sediments associated with bacterial mats from the deep-sea Håkon Mosby mud volcano. Cilyndrical containers filled with sieved seawater were used as settling chambers and five different substrates, placed on the bottom of the containers, were offered to the descending meiofaunal assemblage. The substrates used in experiment 1 were agar with bacteria, agar with Fucus spiralis, sulphidic agar medium, bare agar and an empty Petri dish. For experiment 2 azoic sediment with algae, azoic sediment with bacteria, a sulphidic medium, bare azoic sediment and an empty Petri dish were used. The intertidal experiment revealed that nematodes and nauplius larvae showed four- to tenfold higher densities in the Fucus treatment compared with the controls whereas deep-sea nematode and harpacticoid copepod densities in the sulphide treatment were more than three times higher compared with all other treatments. In both experiments nematode composition did not differ from the reference samples whereas proportions of harpacticoid copepods were increased in the treatments of the deep-sea experiment compared with the reference sample suggesting a better ability to select settlement sites than nematodes. In both experiments meiofauna abundance was highest in substrates with similar characteristics as their original habitat. These findings indicate that some meiofaunal organisms can selectively settle once they are suspended in the water column in the absence of water flow and therefore actively contribute to their dispersal at small spatial scales.
    Keywords agar ; algae ; bacteria ; containers ; Copepoda ; fauna ; free-living nematodes ; Fucus spiralis ; habitats ; littoral zone ; macrophytes ; nauplii ; Nematoda ; plankton ; salt marshes ; seawater ; sediments ; sulfides ; water flow
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-01
    Size p. 195-203.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 410283-6
    ISSN 0022-0981
    ISSN 0022-0981
    DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.10.005
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  10. Article ; Online: Human Biomonitoring Data Enables Evidence-Informed Policy to Reduce Internal Exposure to Persistent Organic Compounds: A Case Study.

    Colles, Ann / Coertjens, Dries / Morrens, Bert / Den Hond, Elly / Paulussen, Melissa / Bruckers, Liesbeth / Govarts, Eva / Covaci, Adrian / Koppen, Gudrun / Croes, Kim / Nelen, Vera / Van Larebeke, Nicolas / De Henauw, Stefaan / Fierens, Tine / Van Gestel, Griet / Chovanova, Hana / Mampaey, Maja / Van Campenhout, Karen / Loots, Ilse /
    Baeyens, Willy / Schoeters, Greet

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 11

    Abstract: Human biomonitoring (HBM) monitors levels of environmental pollutants in human samples, which often is a topic of concern for residents near industrially contaminated sites (ICSs). Around an ICS area in Menen (Belgium), including a (former) municipal ... ...

    Abstract Human biomonitoring (HBM) monitors levels of environmental pollutants in human samples, which often is a topic of concern for residents near industrially contaminated sites (ICSs). Around an ICS area in Menen (Belgium), including a (former) municipal waste incinerator and a metal recovery plant, increasing environmental concentrations of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were observed, causing growing concern among residents and authorities. The local community succeeded in convincing the responsible authorities to investigate the problem and offer research funding. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured in two consecutive HBM studies (2002-2006 and 2010-2011), in the context of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS), as well as in soil and locally produced food. Meanwhile, local authorities discouraged consumption of locally produced food in a delineated area of higher exposure risk. Ultimately, HBM and environmental data enabled tailored dietary recommendations. This article demonstrates the usefulness of HBM in documenting the body burdens of residents near the ICS, identifying exposure routes, evaluating remediating actions and providing information for tailored policy strategies aiding to further exposure reduction. It also highlights the role of the local stakeholders as an example of community-based participatory research and how such an approach can create societal support for research and policy.
    MeSH term(s) Belgium ; Biological Monitoring ; Dioxins ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Humans ; Policy ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
    Chemical Substances Dioxins ; Environmental Pollutants ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph18115559
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