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  1. Article ; Online: Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review.

    Bulfone, Tommaso Celeste / Malekinejad, Mohsen / Rutherford, George W / Razani, Nooshin

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 223, Issue 4, Page(s) 550–561

    Abstract: Background: While risk of outdoor transmission of respiratory viral infections is hypothesized to be low, there are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in outdoor compared to indoor settings.: Methods: We conducted a systematic review of peer- ... ...

    Abstract Background: While risk of outdoor transmission of respiratory viral infections is hypothesized to be low, there are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in outdoor compared to indoor settings.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed papers indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and preprints in Europe PMC through 12 August 2020 that described cases of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Reports of other respiratory virus transmission were included for reference.
    Results: Five identified studies found a low proportion of reported global SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred outdoors (<10%) and the odds of indoor transmission was very high compared to outdoors (18.7 times; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-57.9). Five studies described influenza transmission outdoors and 2 adenovirus transmission outdoors. There was high heterogeneity in study quality and individual definitions of outdoor settings, which limited our ability to draw conclusions about outdoor transmission risks. In general, factors such as duration and frequency of personal contact, lack of personal protective equipment, and occasional indoor gathering during a largely outdoor experience were associated with outdoor reports of infection.
    Conclusions: Existing evidence supports the wide-held belief that risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is lower outdoors but there are significant gaps in our understanding of specific pathways.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/transmission ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The 'Snake song': a pilot study of musical intervention in Eswatini.

    Erickson, Lee T / Litschka-Koen, Thea / Pons, Jonathan / Bulfone, Tommaso Celeste / Bhendile, Gideon / Fuller, Shannon / Harrington, Eoin / Harrison, Jerry / Samuel, Stephen / Lewin, Matthew

    Rural and remote health

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 5494

    Abstract: Introduction: In Eswatini in Southern Africa, rural populations experience unnecessary snakebite-inflicted injuries and deaths. Children are at the highest risk because of their small size and curious nature. This qualitative study explores the current ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: In Eswatini in Southern Africa, rural populations experience unnecessary snakebite-inflicted injuries and deaths. Children are at the highest risk because of their small size and curious nature. This qualitative study explores the current knowledge and attitudes about snakebite, and the perceptions of a musical intervention, titled Iculo ngenyoka ('Snake song' in Zulu), as an educational tool aimed to raise awareness about snakes in the Lubombo region, Eswatini.
    Methods: Semi-structured interviews with community members (n=56), parents/guardians/key informant (n=11) and children aged 7-17 years (n=45) were conducted between May and June 2018. Participants were selected from four communities within the Lubombo region. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis approach.
    Results: The current sources of snake education evolved from information learned in the homesteads, schools, and through personal experiences. The majority of interviewees perceived music as a culturally appropriate, engaging and memorable method to learn about snakes. Iculo ngenyoka was perceived as an effective tool to raise awareness about snakes in the community.
    Conclusion: This study is the first to explore the importance of musical interventions in educating vulnerable communities about snakes. The Iculo ngenyoka song offers a portable medium for communicating messages about snakebite prevention, affirming the value of snakebite awareness and promoting cooperative efforts to address the burden of snakebite envenoming in the region. The results emphasize the demand for education and the potential use of Iculo ngenyoka and similar musical tools to raise awareness about snakebite in Eswatini. Re-translation and other customizations of structured musical education tools for children could be applied broadly if shown to be effective.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data ; Eswatini ; Female ; Health Education/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Music ; Pilot Projects ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Snake Bites/prevention & control ; Snakes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2105620-1
    ISSN 1445-6354 ; 1445-6354
    ISSN (online) 1445-6354
    ISSN 1445-6354
    DOI 10.22605/RRH5494
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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