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  1. Article: Why the "sugars" in traditional Unani formulations are a pivotal component: A viewpoint perspective.

    Fazil, Mohammad / Nikhat, Sadia

    Journal of integrative medicine

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 91–95

    Abstract: Traditional medicine systems around the globe, like Unani, Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, include a number of sugar-based formulations, which contain a large amount of saccharide-containing sweetener, such as honey, sucrose or jaggery. With ... ...

    Abstract Traditional medicine systems around the globe, like Unani, Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, include a number of sugar-based formulations, which contain a large amount of saccharide-containing sweetener, such as honey, sucrose or jaggery. With pervasive lifestyle disorders throughout the world, there have been discussions to consider alternative sweetening agents. Here, from the perspective of Unani medicine, we discuss how the saccharide-based sweeteners may be an essential component of these traditional preparations, like electuaries, which may be deprived of their bioactivities without these saccharides. With contemporary researches, it is known that apart from their own therapeutic effects, saccharides also form deep eutectic solvents which help in enhancing the bioactivity of other ingredients present in crude drugs. In addition, they provide energy for fermentation which is essential for biotransformation of compounds. Interestingly, the sugars also increase the shelf-life of these compound drugs and act as natural preservatives. On the basis of this review, we strongly believe that saccharide-based sweeteners are an essential component of traditional medicines and not merely an excipient.
    MeSH term(s) Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Medicine, Traditional ; Medicine, Unani ; Sugars ; Sweetening Agents
    Chemical Substances Sugars ; Sweetening Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2705612-0
    ISSN 2095-4964
    ISSN 2095-4964
    DOI 10.1016/j.joim.2022.01.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective.

    Fazil, Mohammad / Nikhat, Sadia

    Journal of ethnopharmacology

    2022  Volume 297, Page(s) 115526

    Abstract: ... as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce ...

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered.
    Aims of the study: We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism.
    Methodology: We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded.
    Observations: A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections.
    Conclusion: The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Phytochemicals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Phytochemicals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: History, phytochemistry, experimental pharmacology and clinical uses of honey: A comprehensive review with special reference to Unani medicine

    Nikhat, Sadia / Fazil, Mohammad

    Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 Jan. 10, v. 282

    2022  

    Abstract: ... traditional medicines. In Unani medicine, honey is prescribed for many health conditions as wound-healing ...

    Abstract Honey is one of the most popular functional foods, speculated to be in use since the advent of human civilization. Its health-protective activity is endorsed by many religions and traditional medicines. In Unani medicine, honey is prescribed for many health conditions as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, etc. In the present era, honey is gaining popularity over sugar for its myriad health benefits and low glycemic index. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the biological activities and potential therapeutic uses of honey, with scientific evidence.In this paper, we have provided a comprehensive overview of historical uses, types, physical characteristics, bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities of honey. The information was gathered from Classical Unani textbooks and leading scientific databases. There is a plethora of information regarding various therapeutic activities of honey, and it is daunting to draw practical conclusions. Hence, in this paper, we have tried to summarize those aspects which are most relevant to clinical application.Many important bioactive constituents are identified in different honey types, e.g. phenolics, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, etc., which exert important biological activities like anti-microbial, wound healing, immunomodulatory, anti-toxin, antioxidant, and many others. Honey has the potential to alleviate many lifestyle disorders, mitigate the adverse effects of drugs and toxins, and also provide healthy nutrition. Although conclusive clinical evidence is not available, yet honey may potentially be a safer alternative to sucrose for diabetic patients.
    Keywords antioxidants ; glycemic index ; honey ; humans ; lifestyle ; nutrition ; phenolic compounds ; plant biochemistry ; sucrose ; therapeutics ; traditional medicine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0110
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114614
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  4. Article ; Online: History, phytochemistry, experimental pharmacology and clinical uses of honey: A comprehensive review with special reference to Unani medicine.

    Nikhat, Sadia / Fazil, Mohammad

    Journal of ethnopharmacology

    2021  Volume 282, Page(s) 114614

    Abstract: ... by many religions and traditional medicines. In Unani medicine, honey is prescribed for many health conditions ...

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Honey is one of the most popular functional foods, speculated to be in use since the advent of human civilization. Its health-protective activity is endorsed by many religions and traditional medicines. In Unani medicine, honey is prescribed for many health conditions as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, etc. In the present era, honey is gaining popularity over sugar for its myriad health benefits and low glycemic index. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the biological activities and potential therapeutic uses of honey, with scientific evidence.
    Methodology: In this paper, we have provided a comprehensive overview of historical uses, types, physical characteristics, bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities of honey. The information was gathered from Classical Unani textbooks and leading scientific databases. There is a plethora of information regarding various therapeutic activities of honey, and it is daunting to draw practical conclusions. Hence, in this paper, we have tried to summarize those aspects which are most relevant to clinical application.
    Observations and conclusions: Many important bioactive constituents are identified in different honey types, e.g. phenolics, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, etc., which exert important biological activities like anti-microbial, wound healing, immunomodulatory, anti-toxin, antioxidant, and many others. Honey has the potential to alleviate many lifestyle disorders, mitigate the adverse effects of drugs and toxins, and also provide healthy nutrition. Although conclusive clinical evidence is not available, yet honey may potentially be a safer alternative to sucrose for diabetic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ethnopharmacology ; Honey ; Humans ; Medicine, Traditional ; Medicine, Unani
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-08
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Exploring new horizons in health care: A mechanistic review on the potential of Unani medicines in combating epidemics of infectious diseases.

    Fazil, Mohammad / Nikhat, Sadia

    Phytotherapy research : PTR

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 2317–2335

    Abstract: ... their escalation to epidemics. Maintenance of general health, immune-stimulation, and disinfecting ...

    Abstract The 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed epidemics and pandemics of various infectious agents. The development of effective antimicrobials in the 20th century has been complemented with the emergence of resistant and mutant strains. In this context, we present a comprehensive overview of the preventive measures described in Unani medicine during epidemics. Unani medicine is a traditional medicine system included in the Indian Systems of Medicine. Unani medicine has an extensive description of epidemic infections and preventive and therapeutic measures for the same. Certain factors like environment, season, and geographical location of a place are known to determine the extent of infections, and their escalation to epidemics. Maintenance of general health, immune-stimulation, and disinfecting of the environment are advised as protective measures, for which many drugs are prescribed. In the case of illness, specific antimicrobial drugs of natural origin are prescribed. Herein we discuss these measures in detail, along with the scientific evidences of anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, and health-protective actions of these drugs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639136-9
    ISSN 1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
    ISSN (online) 1099-1573
    ISSN 0951-418X
    DOI 10.1002/ptr.6949
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Therapeutic and palliative role of a unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective

    Fazil, Mohammad / Nikhat, Sadia

    Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 July 06,

    2022  

    Abstract: ... for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies ...

    Abstract Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of ʻUnnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868–1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. ology: We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
    Keywords Ayurvedic medicine ; COVID-19 infection ; Cordia dichotoma ; Cydonia oblonga ; Internet ; Ziziphus jujuba ; biomedical research ; bronchodilators ; disease severity ; fruits ; influenza ; intestinal microorganisms ; medicinal properties ; morbidity ; mortality ; nephroprotective effect ; people ; phytochemicals ; respiratory system ; therapeutics ; yoga ; India ; Middle East
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0706
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Overview of Covid-19; its prevention and management in the light of Unani medicine.

    Nikhat, Sadia / Fazil, Mohammad

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 728, Page(s) 138859

    Abstract: ... immune-modulation, and (iii) use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs. Drugs such as loban ...

    Abstract Since December 2019, a respiratory pandemic named as coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by a new coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2, has taken the world by storm. The symptoms are fever, malaise, and cough which resolve in a few days in most cases; but may progress to respiratory distress and organ failure. Transmission is through droplet infection or fomites, but other modes such as airborne transmission and oro-fecal transmission are also speculated. Research is underway to develop effective vaccines and medicines for the disease. In such a scenario, we present the measures described in Unani system of medicine for health protection during epidemics. Unani is a traditional system of medicine developed during the middle ages, which employs natural drugs of herbal, animal and mineral origin for treatment. In Unani medicine, during an epidemic, apart from isolation and quarantine, three measures are of utmost importance, (i) purification of surroundings using certain herbal drugs as fumigants or sprays, (ii) health promotion and immune-modulation, and (iii) use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs. Drugs such as loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), sandroos (Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertn.) za'fran (Crocus sativus L.), vinegar etc. are prescribed in various forms. Scientific researches on these drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new insight into the management of infections and epidemics.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Medicine, Unani ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Plant Preparations/therapeutic use ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Plant Preparations
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138859
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 949: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Topical medicines for wound healing: A systematic review of Unani literature with recent advances.

    Fazil, Mohammad / Nikhat, Sadia

    Journal of ethnopharmacology

    2020  Volume 257, Page(s) 112878

    Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Wound healing is an important area of research in contemporary medicine. Unani is a traditional medicine system based on hundreds of years of observations and experiences. Wounds are described under the headings qarha ( ... ...

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Wound healing is an important area of research in contemporary medicine. Unani is a traditional medicine system based on hundreds of years of observations and experiences. Wounds are described under the headings qarha (arabic) and jarāhat (persian) in classical Unani texts. Several drugs of herbal, mineral and animal origin are described in Unani texts as having wound healing properties. Many of these drugs have been screened on various scientific parameters but the potential of most drugs remains unexplored.
    Methodology: The study was aimed at summarizing the topical wound healing drugs mentioned in classical Unani books. The topical wound healing drugs were first identified in classical texts. Then 20 drugs were selected for detailed review on the basis of clinical relevance and wide availability.
    Observations and results: Seventy drugs were identified in Unani texts after removal of duplicacy. Most of the drugs (85.71%) were of herbal origin, while 10% were of mineral origin and the rest 4.28% were of animal origin. Most of the herbal drugs belonged to the Fabaceae (10%) and Rosaceae (8.33%) families. Biologically active compounds such as phenols, sterols, hydrocarbons, anthocyanidins, flavonoids and tannins have been identified in almost all drugs which support classical literature.
    Conclusion: Unani system of medicine has a rich legacy of effective wound healing drugs, which is reinforced by modern researches. Most drugs exert their action on multiple phases of wound healing. In addition, most drugs have no reported adverse effects in laboratory and clinical studies. Hence, Unani medicine may offer the much-needed affordable and effective wound care in a wide range of clinical settings.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Humans ; Medicine, Unani ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts/adverse effects ; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-20
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112878
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Clinical evaluation of a topical Unani pharmacopoeial formulation

    Salma / Shamsi, Yasmeen / Nikhat, Sadia / Manjhi, Mukesh / Akhtar, Md Wasi / Ahmad, Sayeed

    Avicenna journal of phytomedicine

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 255–264

    Abstract: Objective: Melasma is a chronic, acquired, symmetrical hyper melanosis of skin, characterized by irregular light to dark brown patches on sun-exposed areas, with a significant effect on psychological health; melasma is termed as : Materials and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Melasma is a chronic, acquired, symmetrical hyper melanosis of skin, characterized by irregular light to dark brown patches on sun-exposed areas, with a significant effect on psychological health; melasma is termed as
    Materials and methods: This was an 8-week open-label, standard controlled, randomized clinical study conducted on patients of epidermal melasma. The test group received
    Results: Mean MASI score decreased from10.65±0.85 to 7.07±0.74 in the test group (p<0.0001) and from 11.28±1.24 to 7.76±0.9 (p<0.0001) the in control group. Similar improvement was noticed in other parameters also. A large number of patients in the control group reported mild burning, itching, dryness, and skin rashes, while only one patient in the test group reported mild itching.
    Conclusion: Tila-e-Kalf
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country Iran
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2658672-1
    ISSN 2228-7949 ; 2228-7930
    ISSN (online) 2228-7949
    ISSN 2228-7930
    DOI 10.22038/AJP.2022.21346
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Hijāmah (Cupping Therapy) for Pain Management in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis.

    Khan, Rabia / Shamsi, Yasmeen / Khan, Sohrab Ahmad / Nikhat, Sadia / Akhtar, Wasi

    Alternative therapies in health and medicine

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 7, Page(s) 268–271

    Abstract: Background: Cervical spondylosis is the most common cervical spine disorder which is clinically manifested by axial neck pain, stiffness, and limited movement and sometimes it is accompanied by tingling and radicular symptoms in the upper extremities. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cervical spondylosis is the most common cervical spine disorder which is clinically manifested by axial neck pain, stiffness, and limited movement and sometimes it is accompanied by tingling and radicular symptoms in the upper extremities. Pain is the most frequent complaint for which patients, suffering from cervical spondylosis, consult physicians. In conventional medicine, pain and other symptoms of cervical spondylosis are controlled by systemic and local use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), however long-term use of such medicines produces adverse effects like dyspepsia, gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and bleeding.
    Methods: We searched articles for neck pain, cervical spondylosis, cupping therapy, Hijāma, etc. from various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. We also searched for these topics in the books of Unani medicine available in HMS Central Library, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
    Results: This review elucidated that in Unani medicine several non-pharmacological regimens known as Ilāj bi'l Tadbīr (Regimenal therapies) are advised in the management of painful musculoskeletal disorders. Ḥijāma (cupping therapy) stands out among all these regimens and in most of the classical Unani literature, Ḥijāma is suggested as one of the best regimens for the management of pain in Waja' al-Mafāsil including Waja' al-'Unuq (cervical spondylosis).
    Conclusion: On going through the classical texts of Unani medicine and published research papers, it may be concluded that Ḥijāma is a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment for the management of pain due to cervical spondylosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cupping Therapy ; Neck Pain/therapy ; Pain Management ; Spondylosis/complications ; Spondylosis/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Cervical Vertebrae
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1225073-9
    ISSN 1078-6791
    ISSN 1078-6791
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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