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Article: Feminisation in Agriculture in a Transition Economy: Women’s Role in Family Farms

Zhllima, Edvin / Xhoxhi, Orjon / Imami, Drini

Sociologia ruralis. 2021 Apr., v. 61, no. 2

2021

Abstract: ... for exploring how feminisation in agriculture has been changing women’s agency in family farms. It analyses ... an instrumental variable regression is used for exploring the relationship between women’s farming decision power ... and production structures. The analysis finds a positive influence of women’s decision‐making power ...

Abstract	Research on gender equality for several decades has observed gender roles as related to decisions, asset availability, and bargaining power. Literature examining the influence of intra‐family bargaining power and rights on farm structures is scarce. This article builds on the feminisation thesis for exploring how feminisation in agriculture has been changing women’s agency in family farms. It analyses the effect of farming decision‐making in farm structures in Albania, a post‐communist transition country undergoing rural depopulation and migration. Based on data collected from structured farm surveys, an instrumental variable regression is used for exploring the relationship between women’s farming decision power and production structures. The analysis finds a positive influence of women’s decision‐making power on farms oriented to orchards, and a negative influence on farms oriented to forage (livestock‐oriented farms) and farms with uncultivated (abandoned) land. Women’s farming decision‐making power is highly influenced by their education, perception of land rights equality, and access to advisory services. The article provides evidence for interventions including institutional support to strengthen land rights, empowering women farmers through training, awareness campaigns, and advocacy activities.
Keywords	advocacy ; assets ; decision making ; education ; feminization ; gender ; rural urban migration ; transitional economic systems ; Albania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Size	p. 422-441.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	7044-0
ISSN	1467-9523 ; 0038-0199
ISSN (online)	1467-9523
ISSN	0038-0199
DOI	10.1111/soru.12332
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Levin’s Conservation Model And Unpleasant Symptoms Theory In Nursing Care Of Pregnant Women With Preeklamsia

Nurul Evi / ImamiNur Rachmawati / Tri Budiarti

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, Vol 13, Iss

A Case Study

2020 Volume 01

Abstract: ... in many countries.A case studywith the application of Levine’s Conservation and unpleasant symptoms ... theory on the nursing process of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.Levine’s conservation theory allows individuals ... information as well asteaching about the negative effects of them. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Levine’s ...

Abstract	Preeclampsia is a multisystem complication that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and may cause maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death in many countries.A case studywith the application of Levine’s Conservation and unpleasant symptoms theory on the nursing process of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.Levine’s conservation theory allows individuals to adapt in order to maintain their integrity with conservation as the final result. The main focus of conservation is a balance between supply and demand of energy, in order to preserve all aspects of individual wholeness.While the unpleasant symptom theory is applied in reducing the symptoms of discomfort by increasing the understanding of aset of symptoms of discomfort from various contexts and providing useful information as well asteaching about the negative effects of them. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Levine’s conservation, Unpleasant symptoms
Keywords	Preeclampsia ; Levine’s conservation ; Unpleasant symptoms ; Nursing ; RT1-120 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Developmental pyrethroid exposure disrupts folate metabolism in mouse brain.

Curtis, Melissa A / Saferin, Nilanjana / Nguyen, Jennifer H / Imami, Ali S / Ryan, William G / Neifer, Kari L / Miller, Gary W / Burkett, James P

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Environmental and genetic risk factors, and their interactions, contribute significantly to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Recent epidemiology studies have implicated pyrethroid pesticides as an environmental risk factor for autism ... ...

Abstract	Environmental and genetic risk factors, and their interactions, contribute significantly to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Recent epidemiology studies have implicated pyrethroid pesticides as an environmental risk factor for autism and developmental delay. Our previous research showed that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in mice caused male-biased changes in the brain and in NDD-relevant behaviors in adulthood. Here, we used a metabolomics approach to determine the broadest possible set of metabolic changes in the adult male mouse brain caused by low-dose pyrethroid exposure during development. Using a litter-based design, we exposed mouse dams during pregnancy and lactation to deltamethrin (3 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days) at a concentration well below the EPA-determined benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. We raised male offspring to adulthood and collected whole brain samples for untargeted high-resolution metabolomics analysis. Developmentally exposed mice had disruptions in 116 metabolites which clustered into pathways for folate biosynthesis, retinol metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. As a cross-validation, we integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics data from the same samples, which confirmed previous findings of altered dopamine signaling. These results suggest that pyrethroid exposure during development leads to disruptions in folate metabolism in the adult brain, which may inform both prevention and therapeutic strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.10.13.562226
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Article ; Online: Strategies to identify candidate repurposable drugs: COVID-19 treatment as a case example.

Imami, Ali S / McCullumsmith, Robert E / O'Donovan, Sinead M

Translational psychiatry

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 591

Abstract: Drug repurposing is an invaluable strategy to identify new uses for existing drug therapies that overcome many of the time and financial costs associated with novel drug development. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an unprecedented surge in the ... ...

Abstract	Drug repurposing is an invaluable strategy to identify new uses for existing drug therapies that overcome many of the time and financial costs associated with novel drug development. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an unprecedented surge in the development and use of bioinformatic tools to identify candidate repurposable drugs. Using COVID-19 as a case study, we discuss examples of machine-learning and signature-based approaches that have been adapted to rapidly identify candidate drugs. The Library of Integrated Network-based Signatures (LINCS) and Connectivity Map (CMap) are commonly used repositories and have the advantage of being amenable to use by scientists with limited bioinformatic training. Next, we discuss how these recent advances in bioinformatic drug repurposing approaches might be adapted to identify repurposable drugs for CNS disorders. As the development of novel therapies that successfully target the cause of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders has stalled, there is a pressing need for innovative strategies to treat these complex brain disorders. Bioinformatic approaches to identify repurposable drugs provide an exciting avenue of research that offer promise for improved treatments for CNS disorders.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-021-01724-w
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Article: Informal construction as political currency: A theory of ‘election-driven informality’

Imami, Drini / Lami, Endrit / Pojani, Dorina

Land use policy. 2022 Jan., v. 112

2022

Abstract: ... primarily for the 2017 election. That was when the government’s enforcement capacity in the construction ... From government’s perspective, EDI presents an opportunity for a version of “pork barrel” politics ...

Abstract	Incumbent governments commonly increase public expenditures prior to elections in order to curry favor with voters and boost their chances of retaining office. This study, set in Albania, focuses on a non-fiscal approach to winning votes: condoning, or at least tolerating, informal construction activities in the residential sector prior to elections. We term this approach ‘election-driven informality’ (EDI). This study provides longitudinal statistical evidence for EDI using a proxy indicator for informal construction. We hypothesize and prove that EDI is a reality rather than a mere perception - primarily for the 2017 election. That was when the government’s enforcement capacity in the construction sector was effective outside the election period. In a context where there is little moral value attached to law abidance, businesses or households that engage in informal economic activities might perceive a tolerant government as “magnanimous” and might be persuaded to support it in upcoming elections. From government’s perspective, EDI presents an opportunity for a version of “pork barrel” politics where “tolerance” is applied selectively or differentially to households, businesses, or whole regions.
Keywords	land policy ; morality ; politics ; Albania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	852476-2
ISSN	0264-8377
ISSN	0264-8377
DOI	10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105785
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Z 4283: Show issues

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Article: Developmental pyrethroid exposure disrupts molecular pathways for MAP kinase and circadian rhythms in mouse brain.

Nguyen, Jennifer H / Curtis, Melissa A / Imami, Ali S / Ryan, William G / Alganem, Khaled / Neifer, Kari L / Saferin, Nilanjana / Nawor, Charlotte N / Kistler, Brian P / Miller, Gary W / Shukla, Rammohan / McCullumsmith, Robert E / Burkett, James P

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a category of pervasive disorders of the developing nervous system with few or no recognized biomarkers. A significant portion of the risk for NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is ... ...

Abstract	Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a category of pervasive disorders of the developing nervous system with few or no recognized biomarkers. A significant portion of the risk for NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is contributed by the environment, and exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy has been identified as a potential risk factor for NDD in the unborn child. We recently showed that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in mice causes male-biased changes to ADHD- and NDD-relevant behaviors as well as the striatal dopamine system. Here, we used an integrated multiomics approach to determine the broadest possible set of biological changes in the mouse brain caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE). Using a litter-based, split-sample design, we exposed mouse dams during pregnancy and lactation to deltamethrin (3 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days) at a concentration well below the EPA-determined benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. We raised male offspring to adulthood, euthanized them, and pulverized and divided whole brain samples for split-sample transcriptomics, kinomics and multiomics integration. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations to multiple canonical clock genes, and kinome analysis revealed changes in the activity of multiple kinases involved in synaptic plasticity, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK. Multiomics integration revealed a dysregulated protein-protein interaction network containing primary clusters for MAP kinase cascades, regulation of apoptosis, and synaptic function. These results demonstrate that DPE causes a multi-modal biophenotype in the brain relevant to ADHD and identifies new potential mechanisms of action.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.08.28.555113
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Article ; Online: The Evolution of Village (Self)Governance in the Context of Post‐Communist Rural Society

Edvin Zhllima / Nicolas Hayoz / Drini Imami / Iliriana Miftari

Politics and Governance, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 368-

2023 Volume 379

Abstract: ... institutions and actors in the context of changing society’s patterns and political landscape transformations ...

Abstract	The role of the village headman and council of elders is very important in many societies. The focus of this article is to analyse the evolution and the role of the (informal) intermediary institutions and actors in the context of changing society’s patterns and political landscape transformations. This article focuses on Albania and Kosovo, where village self-governing mechanisms played a crucial role in avoiding (often deadly) social conflicts during the post-communism transition. The article relies on in-depth interviews with involved actors at the local level, using the framework of evolutionary governance theory. The study shows that the role of the council of elders and village headman has been strong and important in times of weak central and local governance, while it weakened in times of strong politicization and increasingly patronizing role of the central government, thus not allowing for a right balance between legitimate community representation and accountability toward upper levels of governance.
Keywords	albania ; communism ; council of elders ; informal institutions ; kosovo ; self‐governing mechanism ; village headman ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cogitatio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Neuronal alterations in AKT isotype expression in schizophrenia.

Devine, Emily A / Imami, Ali S / Eby, Hunter / Hamoud, Abdul-Rizaq / Golchin, Hasti / Ryan, William / Sahay, Smita / Shedroff, Elizabeth A / Arvay, Taylen / Joyce, Alex W / Asah, Sophie M / Walss-Bass, Consuelo / O'Donovan, Sinead / McCullumsmith, Robert E

Research square

2024

Abstract: Schizophrenia is characterized by substantial alterations in brain function, and previous studies suggest insulin signaling pathways, particularly involving AKT, are implicated in the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study demonstrates elevated mRNA ...

Abstract	Schizophrenia is characterized by substantial alterations in brain function, and previous studies suggest insulin signaling pathways, particularly involving AKT, are implicated in the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study demonstrates elevated mRNA expression of AKT1-3 in neurons from schizophrenia subjects, contrary to unchanged or diminished total AKT protein expression reported in previous postmortem studies, suggesting a potential decoupling of transcript and protein levels. Sex-specific differential AKT activity was observed, indicating divergent roles in males and females with schizophrenia. Alongside AKT, upregulation of PDPK1, a critical component of the insulin signaling pathway, and several protein phosphatases known to regulate AKT were detected. Moreover, enhanced expression of the transcription factor FOXO1, a regulator of glucose metabolism, hints at possible compensatory mechanisms related to insulin signaling dysregulation. Findings were largely independent of antipsychotic medication use, suggesting inherent alterations in schizophrenia. These results highlight the significance of AKT and related signaling pathways in schizophrenia, proposing that these changes might represent a compensatory response to a primary defect of conical insulin signaling pathways. This research underscores the need for a detailed understanding of these signaling pathways for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-3940448/v1
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Article ; Online: It is not just about power, but about the type of power - relational governance in the context of a transiton economy

Xhoxhi, Orjon / Imami, Drini

Proceedings in Food System Dynamics; Proceedings in System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks 2021; 26 - 34 ; 2194-511X

2021

Abstract: The paper analyses how intermediary’s bargaining power affects relational governance in the context ...

Abstract	The paper analyses how intermediary’s bargaining power affects relational governance in the context of a transition economy, namely the case of Kosovo. There has been limited research and understanding about bargaining power and relational governance in developing and transition economies. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to investigate the factors affecting relational governance, which is operationalized as categorical variable: 1) Spot market transaction, 2) verbal contract and 3) written contract. The results of the study point out that intermediaries’ exercised power over farmers affects the farmers’ contracting decisions in different ways. When they exercise power over farmers’ margin, it reduces the likelihood of farmers’ participation in either verbal or written contracts, while power over product quality related activities increases the likelihood of farmers engagement in written contracts. Another key finding is that for products that require a specific standard and quality, written contracts are more likely than verbal ones.
Subject code	330
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publisher	CentMa, Intern Center for Management, Communication, and Research
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Production of synthetic rutile from tin ore beneficiation byproduct through preoxidation and reductive leaching in hydrochloric acid.

Kurniawan, M R / Imami, T G / Ichlas, Z T / Hidayat, T / Mubarok, M Z

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 9092

Abstract: ... Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the temperature and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio were the most influential ... S/L ratio of 1/20 g/mL, ore particle size distribution of 44-77 µm (-200 + 325 mesh), and leaching ...

Abstract	This paper examines the effectiveness of the method for producing synthetic rutile from ilmenite through pre-oxidation and reductive leaching of pre-oxidized ilmenite in hydrochloric acid. Thermodynamic simulation of the pre-oxidation of ilmenite concentrate was performed to evaluate the phases formed during the process as a function of temperature. The pre-oxidation experiments were performed at different temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C in a muffle furnace for 6 h. The optimum temperature of pre-oxidation was revealed to be at 700 °C where ilmenite transformed into hematite and rutile, which is in accordance with the result of the thermodynamic simulation. Series of the leaching experiments were carried out under variations of HCl concentration (5-8 M), leaching temperature (70-100 °C), solid/liquid ratio (1/5-1/20 g/mL), ilmenite ore particle size distribution, and duration of leaching (6-12 h). Taguchi method utilizing L16 orthogonal array was adopted in the leaching step to design and reduce the required number of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the temperature and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio were the most influential leaching parameters for the dissolution of iron and titanium. The optimum conditions for maximising the dissolution of iron, while minimizing the dissolution of titanium were at a temperature of 80 °C, HCl of 6 M, S/L ratio of 1/20 g/mL, ore particle size distribution of 44-77 µm (-200 + 325 mesh), and leaching duration of 6 h. The leaching experiment conducted under these conditions resulted in iron extraction of 98.07% with co-extraction of titanium of 11.35%. The leach-residue contains 92.6% rutile, 2.9% hematite, and 2.5% cassiterite which can be classified as synthetic grade rutile.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-13250-w
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