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Article ; Online: Aerosol Production During Blood and Urine Pre-analytical Processing and Handling in a Hospital Biochemistry Clinical Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Dubuis, Marie-Eve / Duchaine, Caroline

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 643724

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a troublesome issue for employees in biochemistry clinical laboratories due to fears of aerosol generation during sample treatment. This study was designed to assess aerosol production during the pre-analytical ... ...

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a troublesome issue for employees in biochemistry clinical laboratories due to fears of aerosol generation during sample treatment. This study was designed to assess aerosol production during the pre-analytical procedures for blood and urine samples using a model bacterium. Air sampling and surface swabbing were conducted during four typical procedures. Bacteria were not recovered in any air or surface samples. Other studies have reported low and undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood and urine samples, respectively. Therefore, the occupational risk for employees appears to be low in terms of aerosol exposure from processing SARS-CoV-2 patient samples.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pandemics ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.643724
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Aerosol Production During Blood and Urine Pre-analytical Processing and Handling in a Hospital Biochemistry Clinical Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Marie-Eve Dubuis / Caroline Duchaine

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2021 Volume 9

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a troublesome issue for employees in biochemistry clinical laboratories due to fears of aerosol generation during sample treatment. This study was designed to assess aerosol production during the pre-analytical procedures for blood and urine samples using a model bacterium. Air sampling and surface swabbing were conducted during four typical procedures. Bacteria were not recovered in any air or surface samples. Other studies have reported low and undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood and urine samples, respectively. Therefore, the occupational risk for employees appears to be low in terms of aerosol exposure from processing SARS-CoV-2 patient samples.
Keywords	bioaerosols ; SARS-CoV-2 ; occupational risk ; clinical laboratory ; blood sample ; urine sample ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ozone inactivation of airborne influenza and lack of resistance of respiratory syncytial virus to aerosolization and sampling processes.

Dubuis, Marie-Eve / Racine, Étienne / Vyskocil, Jonathan M / Turgeon, Nathalie / Tremblay, Christophe / Mukawera, Espérance / Boivin, Guy / Grandvaux, Nathalie / Duchaine, Caroline

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) e0253022

Abstract: Influenza and RSV are human viruses responsible for outbreaks in hospitals, long-term care facilities and nursing homes. The present study assessed an air treatment using ozone at two relative humidity conditions (RHs) in order to reduce the infectivity ... ...

Abstract	Influenza and RSV are human viruses responsible for outbreaks in hospitals, long-term care facilities and nursing homes. The present study assessed an air treatment using ozone at two relative humidity conditions (RHs) in order to reduce the infectivity of airborne influenza. Bovine pulmonary surfactant (BPS) and synthetic tracheal mucus (STM) were used as aerosols protectants to better reflect the human aerosol composition. Residual ozone concentration inside the aerosol chamber was also measured. RSV's sensitivity resulted in testing its resistance to aerosolization and sampling processes instead of ozone exposure. The results showed that without supplement and with STM, a reduction in influenza A infectivity of four orders of magnitude was obtained with an exposure to 1.70 ± 0.19 ppm of ozone at 76% RH for 80 min. Consequently, ozone could be considered as a virucidal disinfectant for airborne influenza A. RSV did not withstand the aerosolization and sampling processes required for the use of the experimental setup. Therefore, ozone exposure could not be performed for this virus. Nonetheless, this study provides great insight for the efficacy of ozone as an air treatment for the control of nosocomial influenza A outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Air Microbiology ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Disinfection/methods ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/drug effects ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Ozone/administration & dosage ; Ozone/pharmacology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects ; Virus Inactivation/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0253022
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Article ; Online: Ozone inactivation of airborne influenza and lack of resistance of respiratory syncytial virus to aerosolization and sampling processes.

Marie-Eve Dubuis / Étienne Racine / Jonathan M Vyskocil / Nathalie Turgeon / Christophe Tremblay / Espérance Mukawera / Guy Boivin / Nathalie Grandvaux / Caroline Duchaine

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

2021 Volume 0253022

Abstract	Influenza and RSV are human viruses responsible for outbreaks in hospitals, long-term care facilities and nursing homes. The present study assessed an air treatment using ozone at two relative humidity conditions (RHs) in order to reduce the infectivity of airborne influenza. Bovine pulmonary surfactant (BPS) and synthetic tracheal mucus (STM) were used as aerosols protectants to better reflect the human aerosol composition. Residual ozone concentration inside the aerosol chamber was also measured. RSV's sensitivity resulted in testing its resistance to aerosolization and sampling processes instead of ozone exposure. The results showed that without supplement and with STM, a reduction in influenza A infectivity of four orders of magnitude was obtained with an exposure to 1.70 ± 0.19 ppm of ozone at 76% RH for 80 min. Consequently, ozone could be considered as a virucidal disinfectant for airborne influenza A. RSV did not withstand the aerosolization and sampling processes required for the use of the experimental setup. Therefore, ozone exposure could not be performed for this virus. Nonetheless, this study provides great insight for the efficacy of ozone as an air treatment for the control of nosocomial influenza A outbreaks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ozone efficacy for the control of airborne viruses

Marie-Eve Dubuis / Nathan Dumont-Leblond / Camille Laliberté / Marc Veillette / Nathalie Turgeon / Julie Jean / Caroline Duchaine

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e

Bacteriophage and norovirus models.

2020 Volume 0231164

Abstract: This study was designed to test the efficacy of an air treatment using ozone and relative humidity (RH) for the inactivation of airborne viruses. Four phages (φX174, PR772, MS2 and φ6) and one eukaryotic virus (murine norovirus MNV-1) were exposed to low ...

Abstract	This study was designed to test the efficacy of an air treatment using ozone and relative humidity (RH) for the inactivation of airborne viruses. Four phages (φX174, PR772, MS2 and φ6) and one eukaryotic virus (murine norovirus MNV-1) were exposed to low ozone concentrations (1.23 ppm for phages and 0.23 ppm for MNV-1) and various levels of RH for 10 to 70 minutes. The inactivation of these viruses was then assessed to determine which of the tested conditions provided the greatest reduction in virus infectivity. An inactivation of at least two orders of magnitude for φX174, MS2 and MNV-1 was achieved with an ozone exposure of 40 minutes at 85% RH. For PR772 and φ6, exposure to the reference condition at 20% RH for 10 minutes yielded the same results. These findings suggest that ozone used at a low concentration is a powerful disinfectant for airborne viruses when combined with a high RH. Air treatment could therefore be implemented inside hospital rooms ventilated naturally.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ozone efficacy for the control of airborne viruses: Bacteriophage and norovirus models.

Dubuis, Marie-Eve / Dumont-Leblond, Nathan / Laliberté, Camille / Veillette, Marc / Turgeon, Nathalie / Jean, Julie / Duchaine, Caroline

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) e0231164

Abstract	This study was designed to test the efficacy of an air treatment using ozone and relative humidity (RH) for the inactivation of airborne viruses. Four phages (φX174, PR772, MS2 and φ6) and one eukaryotic virus (murine norovirus MNV-1) were exposed to low ozone concentrations (1.23 ppm for phages and 0.23 ppm for MNV-1) and various levels of RH for 10 to 70 minutes. The inactivation of these viruses was then assessed to determine which of the tested conditions provided the greatest reduction in virus infectivity. An inactivation of at least two orders of magnitude for φX174, MS2 and MNV-1 was achieved with an ozone exposure of 40 minutes at 85% RH. For PR772 and φ6, exposure to the reference condition at 20% RH for 10 minutes yielded the same results. These findings suggest that ozone used at a low concentration is a powerful disinfectant for airborne viruses when combined with a high RH. Air treatment could therefore be implemented inside hospital rooms ventilated naturally.
MeSH term(s)	Air Microbiology ; Animals ; Bacteriophage phi X 174/drug effects ; Bacteriophage phi X 174/isolation & purification ; Bacteriophage phi X 174/pathogenicity ; Disinfectants/pharmacology ; Disinfection/methods ; Escherichia coli/virology ; Humidity ; Mice ; Norovirus/drug effects ; Norovirus/isolation & purification ; Norovirus/pathogenicity ; Ozone/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Virus Diseases/transmission ; Virus Diseases/virology ; Virus Inactivation/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Disinfectants ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0231164
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Article ; Online: Fungal bioaerosols in biomethanization facilities.

Mbareche, Hamza / Veillette, Marc / Dubuis, Marie-Ève / Bakhiyi, Bouchra / Marchand, Geneviève / Zayed, Joseph / Lavoie, Jacques / Bilodeau, Guillaume J / Duchaine, Caroline

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2018 Volume 68, Issue 11, Page(s) 1198–1210

Abstract: Biomethanization is a new technology used for green-waste valorization where organic waste is biodegraded by microbial communities under anaerobic conditions. The main product of this type of anaerobic digestion is a biogas used as an energy source. ... ...

Abstract	Biomethanization is a new technology used for green-waste valorization where organic waste is biodegraded by microbial communities under anaerobic conditions. The main product of this type of anaerobic digestion is a biogas used as an energy source. Moving and handling organic waste may lead to the emission of high concentrations of bioaerosols. High exposure levels are associated with adverse health effects amongst green environment workers. Fungal spores are suspected to play a role in many respiratory illnesses. There is a paucity of information related to the detailed fungal diversity in biomethanization facilities. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth description of fungal bioaerosols in biomethanization work environments using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two biomethanization facilities treating different wastes were visited during the sampling campaign (n = 16). Quantification of Penicillium/Aspergillus and Aspergillus fumigatus revealed a greater exposure risk during summer for both facilities visited. Concentrations of Penicillium and Aspergillus were similar in all work areas in both biomethanization facilities. Taxonomy analyses showed that the type of waste treated affects the fungal diversity of aerosols emitted. Although eight classes were evenly distributed in all samples, Eurotiomycetes were more dominant in the first facility and Agaricomycetes were dominant in the second one. A large diversity profile was observed in bioaerosols from both facilities showing the presence of pathogenic fungi. The following fungi detected are known allergens and/or are opportunistic pathogens: Aspergillus, Malassezia, Emericella, Fusarium, Acremonium, and Candida. Daily exposure to these fungi may put workers at risk. The information from this study can be used as a reference for minimizing occupational exposure in future biomethanization facilities. Implications: Biomethanization is a new technology used for green-waste valorization where organic waste is biodegraded by microbial communities. Effective waste management is increasingly recognized as a strategic approach for achieving newly created regulations concerning the disposal of organic residues; therefore, an expansion of facilities is expected. Workers' exposure to diverse fungal communities is certain, as fungi are ubiquitous and necessary in organic matter decomposition. Monitoring this occupational exposure is important in order to prevent workers' health problems.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Biofuels/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fungi/physiology ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Quebec ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Waste Management
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Biofuels
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2018.1492472
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Article ; Online: Positive no-touch surfaces and undetectable SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in long-term care facilities: An attempt to understand the contributing factors and the importance of timing in air sampling campaigns.

Dumont-Leblond, Nathan / Veillette, Marc / Bhérer, Luc / Boissoneault, Karine / Mubareka, Samira / Yip, Lily / Dubuis, Marie-Eve / Longtin, Yves / Jouvet, Philippe / McGeer, Alison / Duchaine, Caroline

American journal of infection control

2021 Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 701–706

Abstract: Background: Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are environments particularly favorable to coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic outbreaks, due to the at-risk population they welcome and the close proximity of residents. Yet, the transmission dynamics ... ...

Abstract	Background: Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are environments particularly favorable to coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic outbreaks, due to the at-risk population they welcome and the close proximity of residents. Yet, the transmission dynamics of the disease in these establishments remain unclear. Methods: Air and no-touch surfaces of 31 rooms from 7 LTCFs were sampled and SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Air samples were negative but viral genomes were recovered from 20 of 62 surface samples at concentrations ranging from 13 to 36,612 genomes/surface. Virus isolation (culture) from surface samples (n = 7) was negative. Conclusions: The presence of viral RNA on no-touch surfaces is evidence of viral dissemination through air, but the lack of airborne viral particles in air samples suggests that they were not aerosolized in a significant manner during air sampling sessions. The air samples were collected 8 to 30 days after the residents' symptom onset, which could indicate that viruses are aerosolized early in the infection process. Additional research is needed to evaluate viral viability conservation and the potential role of direct contact and aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these institutions.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2021.02.004
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Zs.A 1773: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Workers' exposure to bioaerosols from three different types of composting facilities.

Bonifait, Laetitia / Marchand, Geneviève / Veillette, Marc / M'Bareche, Hamza / Dubuis, Marie-Eve / Pépin, Carole / Cloutier, Yves / Bernard, Yves / Duchaine, Caroline

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene

2018 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 815–822

Abstract: Composting is a natural dynamic biological process used to valorise putrescible organic matter. The composting process can involve vigorous movements of waste material piles, which release high concentrations of bioaerosols into the surrounding ... ...

Abstract	Composting is a natural dynamic biological process used to valorise putrescible organic matter. The composting process can involve vigorous movements of waste material piles, which release high concentrations of bioaerosols into the surrounding environment. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the dispersal of airborne microorganisms emitted by composting plants (CP) as well as the potential occupational exposure of composting workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the workers exposure to bioaerosols during working activities in three different types of composting facilities (domestic, manure, carcass) using two different quantification methods (cultivation and qPCR) for bacteria and moulds concentrations. As expected, even if there are differences between all CP frameworks, independently of the type of the raw compost used, the production of bioaerosols increases significantly during handling activities. Important concentrations of mesophilic moulds and mesophilic bacteria were noted in the working areas with a respective maximal concentration of 2.3 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Composting ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Manure ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Quebec ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Manure
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2131820-7
ISSN	1545-9632 ; 1545-9624
ISSN (online)	1545-9632
ISSN	1545-9624
DOI	10.1080/15459624.2017.1335054
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Zs.A 5821: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Bioaerosols concentrations in working areas in biomethanization facilities.

Dubuis, Marie-Eve / M'Bareche, Hamza / Veillette, Marc / Bakhiyi, Bouchra / Zayed, Joseph / Lavoie, Jacques / Duchaine, Caroline

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2017 Volume 67, Issue 11, Page(s) 1258–1271

Abstract: This study sought to fill the gap in information about the type and the concentration of bioaerosols present in the air of biomethanization facilities (BF). Evaluation of bioaerosol composition and concentration was achieved in two biomethanization ... ...

Abstract	This study sought to fill the gap in information about the type and the concentration of bioaerosols present in the air of biomethanization facilities (BF). Evaluation of bioaerosol composition and concentration was achieved in two biomethanization facilities located in Eastern Canada, during summer and winter. In order to have a thorough understanding of the studied environment, the methodology combined culture of bacteria and molds, qualitiative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for specific microorganisms, endotoxin quantification, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for bacterial diversity. Results revealed that workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to bioaerosols and pathogenic microorganisms similar to those found in composting plants. However, human exposure levels to bioaerosols are lower in BF than in composting plants. Despite these differences, use of personal protective equipment is recommended to lower the risks of health problems. Implications: Biomethanization is a new technology used in eastern Canada for waste management. In the next few years, it is expected that there will be an expansion of facilities in response of tight governmental regulations. Workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to various amounts of bioaerosols composed of some harmful microorganisms. Therefore, monitoring this occupational exposure could be an interesting tool for improving worker's health.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Canada ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Waste Management
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Endotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2017.1356762
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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