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  1. Article ; Online: Long-Term Activity and Safety of a Low-Dose Hydrocortisone Tear Substitute in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.

    Rolando, Maurizio / Villella, Elena / Loreggian, Lara / Marini, Sara / Loretelli, Cristian / Fiorina, Paolo / Barabino, Stefano

    Current eye research

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 9, Page(s) 799–804

    Abstract: Purpose: A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the activity of a new artificial tear containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and low-dose hydrocortisone to control dry-eye disease (DED) symptoms.: Methods: a randomized, controlled, double-masked study ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the activity of a new artificial tear containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and low-dose hydrocortisone to control dry-eye disease (DED) symptoms.
    Methods: a randomized, controlled, double-masked study was carried out at the Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital (Milan, Italy), between June 2020 and June 2021. The study involved patients with DED for at least 6 months. After an initial 7-day treatment with corticosteroid, the treatment with the new artificial tear (four-times a day for 6 months) was compared with a control HA solution.
    Results: A total of 40 patients were considered. We observed a significant improvement in the frequency and intensity of DED symptoms in both groups. After corticosteroid discontinuation, the maintenance of the therapeutic advantage was observed only in the treatment group, which also showed a significant improvement of the tear film break-up time (
    Conclusions: Our findings support the prolonged use of the new eye drop with low-dose hydrocortisone, also in the DED initial stages, to prevent the degenerating towards a chronic condition (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16288419).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lubricant Eye Drops ; Hydrocortisone ; Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy ; Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Tears
    Chemical Substances Lubricant Eye Drops ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ) ; Hyaluronic Acid (9004-61-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82079-9
    ISSN 1460-2202 ; 0271-3683
    ISSN (online) 1460-2202
    ISSN 0271-3683
    DOI 10.1080/02713683.2023.2214948
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: TMEM219 regulates the transcription factor expression and proliferation of beta cells.

    D'Addio, Francesca / Assi, Emma / Maestroni, Anna / Rossi, Giada / Usuelli, Vera / Petrazzuolo, Adriana / Nardini, Marta / Loretelli, Cristian / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Fiorina, Paolo

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1306127

    Abstract: Pancreatic beta cells replenishment is considered the next therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes; while stimulating endogenous beta cells proliferation is the "holy grail" for those patients with exhausted beta cell mass. Here we are demonstrating that ... ...

    Abstract Pancreatic beta cells replenishment is considered the next therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes; while stimulating endogenous beta cells proliferation is the "holy grail" for those patients with exhausted beta cell mass. Here we are demonstrating that the pro-apoptotic receptor TMEM219 is expressed in fetal pancreas, in beta cell precursors and in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Insulinoma/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; Mirn129 microRNA, human ; Transcription Factors ; TMEM219 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2024.1306127
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Idebenone and T2D: A new insulin-sensitizing drug for personalized therapy.

    Dassano, Alice / Loretelli, Cristian / Fiorina, Paolo

    Pharmacological research

    2018  Volume 139, Page(s) 469–470

    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Insulin Resistance ; Precision Medicine ; Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/metabolism ; Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives ; Ubiquinone/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Hypoglycemic Agents ; Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1 ; Ubiquinone (1339-63-5) ; idebenone (HB6PN45W4J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes.

    Loretelli, Cristian / Assi, Emma / Seelam, Andy Joe / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Fiorina, Paolo

    Expert opinion on biological therapy

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) 887–897

    Abstract: Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong condition resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Islet or whole-pancreas transplantation is limited by the shortage of donors and need for chronic immune suppression. Novel ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong condition resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Islet or whole-pancreas transplantation is limited by the shortage of donors and need for chronic immune suppression. Novel strategies are needed to prevent β-cell loss and to rescue production of endogenous insulin.
    Areas covered: This review covers the latest advances in cell-based therapies for the treatment and prevention of T1D. Topics include adoptive transfer of cells with increased immunoregulatory potential for β-cell protection, and β-cell replacement strategies such as generation of insulin-producing β-like cells from unlimited sources.
    Expert opinion: Cell therapy provides an opportunity to prevent or reverse T1D. Adoptive transfer of autologous cells having enhanced immunomodulatory properties can suppress autoimmunity and preserve β-cells. Such therapies have been made possible by a combination of genome-editing techniques and transplantation of tolerogenic cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2052501-1
    ISSN 1744-7682 ; 1471-2598
    ISSN (online) 1744-7682
    ISSN 1471-2598
    DOI 10.1080/14712598.2020.1748596
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Next-gen therapeutics to spare and expand beta-cell mass.

    Bolla, Andrea Mario / Usuelli, Vera / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Frigerio, Sofia / Loretelli, Cristian / D'Addio, Francesca / Fiorina, Paolo

    Current opinion in pharmacology

    2021  Volume 61, Page(s) 77–82

    Abstract: The most effective and physiological way to treat hyperglycemia is to restore beta-cell function and to rescue production of endogenous insulin. Increasing evidence suggests that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a significant defect ... ...

    Abstract The most effective and physiological way to treat hyperglycemia is to restore beta-cell function and to rescue production of endogenous insulin. Increasing evidence suggests that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a significant defect in beta-cell mass, leading to the manifestation of the disease. Novel alternative approaches are needed to spare and expand beta-cell mass in patients with diabetes. This review sets out to describe the latest findings on how to restore the beta-cell mass and function in both forms of diabetes to modulate their progression.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells
    Chemical Substances Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2037057-X
    ISSN 1471-4973 ; 1471-4892
    ISSN (online) 1471-4973
    ISSN 1471-4892
    DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.001
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  6. Article ; Online: Novel Soluble Mediators of Innate Immune System Activation in Solid Allograft Rejection.

    Usuelli, Vera / Loretelli, Cristian / Seelam, Andy Joe / Pastore, Ida / D'Addio, Francesca / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Fiorina, Paolo

    Transplantation

    2021  Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 500–509

    Abstract: During the past years, solid allograft rejection has been considered the consequence of either cellular- or antibody-mediated reaction both being part of the adaptive immune response, whereas the role of innate immunity has been mostly considered less ... ...

    Abstract During the past years, solid allograft rejection has been considered the consequence of either cellular- or antibody-mediated reaction both being part of the adaptive immune response, whereas the role of innate immunity has been mostly considered less relevant. Recently, a large body of evidence suggested that the innate immune response and its soluble mediators may play a more important role during solid allograft rejection than originally thought. This review will highlight the role of novel soluble mediators that are involved in the activation of innate immunity during alloimmune response and solid allograft rejection. We will also discuss emerging strategies to alleviate the aforementioned events. Hence, novel, feasible, and safe clinical therapies are needed to prevent allograft loss in solid organ transplantation. Fully understanding the role of soluble mediators of innate immune system activation may help to mitigate solid allograft rejection and improve transplanted recipients' outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Allografts ; Graft Rejection/prevention & control ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; Transplantation, Homologous
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208424-7
    ISSN 1534-6080 ; 0041-1337
    ISSN (online) 1534-6080
    ISSN 0041-1337
    DOI 10.1097/TP.0000000000003834
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  7. Article ; Online: Daytime hypoglycemic episodes during the use of an advanced hybrid closed loop system.

    Rossi, Antonio / Montefusco, Laura / Reseghetti, Elia / Pastore, Ida Fabrizia / Rossi, Giada / Usuelli, Vera / Loretelli, Cristian / Boci, Denisa / Ben Nasr, Moufida / D'Addio, Francesca / Bucciarelli, Loredana / Argenti, Sabrina / Morpurgo, Paola / Lunati, Maria Elena / Fiorina, Paolo

    Diabetes research and clinical practice

    2023  Volume 206, Page(s) 111011

    Abstract: Aims: The use of advanced hybrid closed loop systems is spreading due to the beneficial effects on glycometabolic control obtained in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, hypoglycemic episodes can be sometimes a matter of concern. We aim to compare ... ...

    Abstract Aims: The use of advanced hybrid closed loop systems is spreading due to the beneficial effects on glycometabolic control obtained in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, hypoglycemic episodes can be sometimes a matter of concern. We aim to compare the hypoglycemic risk of an advanced hybrid closed loop system and a predictive low glucose suspend sensor augmented pump.
    Methods: In this retrospective three months observational study, we included 30 patients using Medtronic Minimed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed loop system and 30 patients using a Medtronic Minimed™ predictive low glucose suspend sensor augmented pump.
    Results: The advanced hybrid closed loop system reduced the time spent above 180 mg/dL threshold and increased the time in range as compared to the predictive low glucose suspend. No severe hypoglycemia occurred in both groups and no differences were observed in the percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dl and 54 mg/dl glucose threshold. Nevertheless, more hypoglycemic episodes were recorded during daytime, but not in nighttime, with the use of the advanced hybrid closed loop system.
    Conclusions: Our results confirmed the general improvement of glycemic outcomes obtained with the advanced hybrid closed loop system; however more hypoglycemic episodes during daytime were evident.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood Glucose ; Retrospective Studies ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Insulin Infusion Systems ; Hypoglycemia/prevention & control ; Hypoglycemia/chemically induced ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Glucose/therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-11
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632523-3
    ISSN 1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
    ISSN (online) 1872-8227
    ISSN 0168-8227
    DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111011
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  8. Article ; Online: Broadening horizons in mechanisms, management, and treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

    Petrazzuolo, Adriana / Sabiu, Gianmarco / Assi, Emma / Maestroni, Anna / Pastore, Ida / Lunati, Maria Elena / Montefusco, Laura / Loretelli, Cristian / Rossi, Giada / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Usuelli, Vera / Xie, Yanan / Balasubramanian, Hari Baskar / Zocchi, Monica / El Essawy, Basset / Yang, Jun / D'Addio, Francesca / Fiorina, Paolo

    Pharmacological research

    2023  Volume 190, Page(s) 106710

    Abstract: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the first cause of end-stage kidney disease in patients with diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. It encompasses histological alterations that mainly affect the glomerular filtration unit, which include ... ...

    Abstract Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the first cause of end-stage kidney disease in patients with diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. It encompasses histological alterations that mainly affect the glomerular filtration unit, which include thickening of the basement membrane, mesangial cell proliferation, endothelial alteration, and podocyte injury. These morphological abnormalities further result in a persistent increase of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and in a reduction of the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Several molecular and cellular mechanisms have been recognized, up to date, as major players in mediating such clinical and histological features and many more are being under investigation. This review summarizes the most recent advances in understanding cell death mechanisms, intracellular signaling pathways and molecular effectors that play a role in the onset and progression of diabetic kidney damage. Some of those molecular and cellular mechanisms have been already successfully targeted in preclinical models of DKD and, in some cases, strategies have been tested in clinical trials. Finally, this report sheds light on the relevance of novel pathways that may become therapeutic targets for future applications in DKD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism ; Podocytes/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106710
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  9. Article ; Online: eATP and autoimmune diabetes.

    Loretelli, Cristian / Pastore, Ida / Lunati, Maria Elena / Abdelsalam, Ahmed / Usuelli, Vera / Assi, Emma / Fiorina, Emma / Loreggian, Lara / Balasubramanian, Hari Baskar / Xie, Yanan / Yang, Jun / El Essawy, Basset / Montefusco, Laura / D'Addio, Francesca / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Fiorina, Paolo

    Pharmacological research

    2023  Volume 190, Page(s) 106709

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into extracellular spaces as extracellular ATP (eATP) as a consequence of cell injury or death and activates the purinergic receptors. Once released, eATP may facilitate T- ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into extracellular spaces as extracellular ATP (eATP) as a consequence of cell injury or death and activates the purinergic receptors. Once released, eATP may facilitate T-lymphocyte activation and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of ATP-mediated signaling in the immunological events related to type 1 diabetes (T1D).
    Recent findings: T lymphocytes mediate immune response during the onset of T1D and promote pancreatic islet or whole pancreas rejection in transplantation. Recent data suggest a potential role for eATP in early steps of T1D onset and of allograft rejection. In different preclinical experimental models and clinical trials, several drugs targeting purinergic signaling have been employed to abrogate lymphocyte activation and differentiation, thus representing an achievable treatment to prevent/revert T1D or to induce long-term islet allograft function.
    Summary: In preclinical and clinical settings, eATP-signaling inhibition induces immune tolerance in autoimmune disease and in allotransplantation. In this view, the purinergic system may represent a novel therapeutic target for auto- and allo-immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106709
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  10. Article ; Online: Sitagliptin favorably modulates immune-relevant pathways in human beta cells.

    Malvandi, Amir Mohammad / Loretelli, Cristian / Ben Nasr, Moufida / Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo / Fiorina, Paolo

    Pharmacological research

    2019  Volume 148, Page(s) 104405

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a condition characterized by hyperglycemia and chronic complications. Antidiabetic drugs and lifestyle interventions are the current gold standard therapy for T2D; current therapies, however, can only delay long-term diabetic ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a condition characterized by hyperglycemia and chronic complications. Antidiabetic drugs and lifestyle interventions are the current gold standard therapy for T2D; current therapies, however, can only delay long-term diabetic complications and can additionally be associated with beta cell failure. While the mechanism of beta cell failure is well-studied, little is known about the immunological and inflammatory events associated with antidiabetic agents. Here we studied the effects of three antidiabetic drugs (Metformin, Sitagliptin, and Liraglutide) on immune-relevant pathways in a human beta cell line. Costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine secretion, and gene expression profiles were evaluated at different time points following challenge with the aforementioned antidiabetic agents. Our results showed that these three antidiabetic agents, particularly Sitagliptin, downregulate HLA Class I and II expression and upregulate the immune-regulatory molecules PD-L1 and CTLA4. Metformin and Liraglutide were shown to elicit significantly greater release of TNFa, IL-6, and GM-CSF, while Sitagliptin had a lesser effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Gene expression analysis confirmed the aforementioned observations and also demonstrated upregulation of NOS2, SIRT1, SITR3, POLRMT, MRPL43 and NFkB with antidiabetic agents. We conclude that Sitagliptin most effectively modulates beneficial immune-relevant pathways in a human beta cell line.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors/metabolism ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Liraglutide/pharmacology ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Sitagliptin Phosphate/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Up-Regulation/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Liraglutide (839I73S42A) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Sitagliptin Phosphate (TS63EW8X6F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104405
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