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  1. Article ; Online: A retrospective study on machine learning-assisted stroke recognition for medical helpline calls.

    Wenstrup, Jonathan / Havtorn, Jakob Drachmann / Borgholt, Lasse / Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj / Maaloe, Lars / Sayre, Michael R / Christensen, Hanne / Kruuse, Christina / Christensen, Helle Collatz

    NPJ digital medicine

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 235

    Abstract: Advanced stroke treatment is time-dependent and, therefore, relies on recognition by call-takers at prehospital telehealth services to ensure fast hospitalisation. This study aims to develop and assess the potential of machine learning in improving ... ...

    Abstract Advanced stroke treatment is time-dependent and, therefore, relies on recognition by call-takers at prehospital telehealth services to ensure fast hospitalisation. This study aims to develop and assess the potential of machine learning in improving prehospital stroke recognition during medical helpline calls. We used calls from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in Copenhagen to develop a machine learning-based classification pipeline. Calls from 2021 are used for testing. Calls are first transcribed using an automatic speech recognition model and then categorised as stroke or non-stroke using a text classification model. Call-takers achieve a sensitivity of 52.7% (95% confidence interval 49.2-56.4%) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 17.1% (15.5-18.6%). The machine learning framework performs significantly better (p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 63.0% (62.0-64.1%) and a PPV of 24.9% (24.3-25.5%). Thus, a machine learning framework for recognising stroke in prehospital medical helpline calls may become a supportive tool for call-takers, aiding in early and accurate stroke recognition.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2398-6352
    ISSN (online) 2398-6352
    DOI 10.1038/s41746-023-00980-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Reply letter to "Machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls".

    Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj / Folke, Fredrik / Ersbøll, Annette Kjær / Christensen, Helle Collatz / Torp-Pedersen, Christian / Sayre, Michael R / Counts, Catherine R / Lippert, Freddy K

    Resuscitation

    2019  Volume 144, Page(s) 205–206

    MeSH term(s) Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Machine Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-23
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 189901-6
    ISSN 1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
    ISSN (online) 1873-1570
    ISSN 0300-9572
    DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.09.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effect of Machine Learning on Dispatcher Recognition of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During Calls to Emergency Medical Services: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj / Christensen, Helle Collatz / Lippert, Freddy / Ersbøll, Annette Kjær / Torp-Petersen, Christian / Sayre, Michael R / Kudenchuk, Peter J / Folke, Fredrik

    JAMA network open

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e2032320

    Abstract: Importance: Emergency medical dispatchers fail to identify approximately 25% of cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), resulting in lost opportunities to save lives by initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation.: Objective: To examine how a ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Emergency medical dispatchers fail to identify approximately 25% of cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), resulting in lost opportunities to save lives by initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
    Objective: To examine how a machine learning model trained to identify OHCA and alert dispatchers during emergency calls affected OHCA recognition and response.
    Design, setting, and participants: This double-masked, 2-group, randomized clinical trial analyzed all calls to emergency number 112 (equivalent to 911) in Denmark. Calls were processed by a machine learning model using speech recognition software. The machine learning model assessed ongoing calls, and calls in which the model identified OHCA were randomized. The trial was performed at Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Denmark, between September 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019.
    Intervention: Dispatchers in the intervention group were alerted when the machine learning model identified out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and those in the control group followed normal protocols without alert.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary end point was the rate of dispatcher recognition of subsequently confirmed OHCA.
    Results: A total of 169 049 emergency calls were examined, of which the machine learning model identified 5242 as suspected OHCA. Calls were randomized to control (2661 [50.8%]) or intervention (2581 [49.2%]) groups. Of these, 336 (12.6%) and 318 (12.3%), respectively, had confirmed OHCA. The mean (SD) age among of these 654 patients was 70 (16.1) years, and 419 of 627 patients (67.8%) with known gender were men. Dispatchers in the intervention group recognized 296 confirmed OHCA cases (93.1%) with machine learning assistance compared with 304 confirmed OHCA cases (90.5%) using standard protocols without machine learning assistance (P = .15). Machine learning alerts alone had a significantly higher sensitivity than dispatchers without alerts for confirmed OHCA (85.0% vs 77.5%; P < .001) but lower specificity (97.4% vs 99.6%; P < .001) and positive predictive value (17.8% vs 55.8%; P < .001).
    Conclusions and relevance: This randomized clinical trial did not find any significant improvement in dispatchers' ability to recognize cardiac arrest when supported by machine learning even though artificial intelligence did surpass human recognition.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04219306.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Denmark ; Double-Blind Method ; Emergency Medical Dispatch ; Female ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Male ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32320
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: PDZ Domains as Drug Targets.

    Christensen, Nikolaj R / Čalyševa, Jelena / Fernandes, Eduardo F A / Lüchow, Susanne / Clemmensen, Louise S / Haugaard-Kedström, Linda M / Strømgaard, Kristian

    Advanced therapeutics

    2019  Volume 2, Issue 7, Page(s) 1800143

    Abstract: Protein-protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), discs-large, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ ... ...

    Abstract Protein-protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), discs-large, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ domains play a role in several cellular functions, from cell-cell communication and polarization, to regulation of protein transport and protein metabolism. PDZ domain proteins are also crucial in the formation and stability of protein complexes, establishing an important bridge between extracellular stimuli detected by transmembrane receptors and intracellular responses. PDZ domains have been suggested as promising drug targets in several diseases, ranging from neurological and oncological disorders to viral infections. In this review, the authors describe structural and genetic aspects of PDZ-containing proteins and discuss the current status of the development of small-molecule and peptide modulators of PDZ domains. An overview of potential new therapeutic interventions in PDZ-mediated protein networks is also provided.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2366-3987
    ISSN (online) 2366-3987
    DOI 10.1002/adtp.201800143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls.

    Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj / Folke, Fredrik / Ersbøll, Annette Kjær / Christensen, Helle Collatz / Torp-Pedersen, Christian / Sayre, Michael R / Counts, Catherine R / Lippert, Freddy K

    Resuscitation

    2019  Volume 138, Page(s) 322–329

    Abstract: Background: Emergency medical dispatchers fail to identify approximately 25% of cases of out of hospital cardiac arrest, thus lose the opportunity to provide the caller instructions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We examined whether a machine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Emergency medical dispatchers fail to identify approximately 25% of cases of out of hospital cardiac arrest, thus lose the opportunity to provide the caller instructions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We examined whether a machine learning framework could recognize out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from audio files of calls to the emergency medical dispatch center.
    Methods: For all incidents responded to by Emergency Medical Dispatch Center Copenhagen in 2014, the associated call was retrieved. A machine learning framework was trained to recognize cardiac arrest from the recorded calls. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for recognizing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were calculated. The performance of the machine learning framework was compared to the actual recognition and time-to-recognition of cardiac arrest by medical dispatchers.
    Results: We examined 108,607 emergency calls, of which 918 (0.8%) were out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls eligible for analysis. Compared with medical dispatchers, the machine learning framework had a significantly higher sensitivity (72.5% vs. 84.1%, p < 0.001) with lower specificity (98.8% vs. 97.3%, p < 0.001). The machine learning framework had a lower positive predictive value than dispatchers (20.9% vs. 33.0%, p < 0.001). Time-to-recognition was significantly shorter for the machine learning framework compared to the dispatchers (median 44 seconds vs. 54 s, p < 0.001).
    Conclusions: A machine learning framework performed better than emergency medical dispatchers for identifying out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in emergency phone calls. Machine learning may play an important role as a decision support tool for emergency medical dispatchers.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods ; Emergency Medical Dispatch/organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/diagnosis ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-18
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189901-6
    ISSN 1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
    ISSN (online) 1873-1570
    ISSN 0300-9572
    DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.01.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Coding variants identified in patients with diabetes alter PICK1 BAR domain function in insulin granule biogenesis.

    Andersen, Rita C / Schmidt, Jan H / Rombach, Joscha / Lycas, Matthew D / Christensen, Nikolaj R / Lund, Viktor K / Stapleton, Donnie S / Pedersen, Signe S / Olsen, Mathias A / Stoklund, Mikkel / Noes-Holt, Gith / Nielsen, Tommas Te / Keller, Mark P / Jansen, Anna M / Herlo, Rasmus / Pietropaolo, Massimo / Simonsen, Jens B / Kjærulff, Ole / Holst, Birgitte /
    Attie, Alan D / Gether, Ulrik / Madsen, Kenneth L

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2022  Volume 132, Issue 5

    Abstract: Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domains are positively charged crescent-shaped modules that mediate curvature of negatively charged lipid membranes during remodeling processes. The BAR domain proteins PICK1, ICA69, and the arfaptins have recently been ... ...

    Abstract Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domains are positively charged crescent-shaped modules that mediate curvature of negatively charged lipid membranes during remodeling processes. The BAR domain proteins PICK1, ICA69, and the arfaptins have recently been demonstrated to coordinate the budding and formation of immature secretory granules (ISGs) at the trans-Golgi network. Here, we identify 4 coding variants in the PICK1 gene from a whole-exome screening of Danish patients with diabetes that each involve a change in positively charged residues in the PICK1 BAR domain. All 4 coding variants failed to rescue insulin content in INS-1E cells upon knock down of endogenous PICK1. Moreover, 2 variants showed dominant-negative properties. In vitro assays addressing BAR domain function suggested that the coding variants compromised BAR domain function but increased the capacity to cause fission of liposomes. Live confocal microscopy and super-resolution microscopy further revealed that PICK1 resides transiently on ISGs before egress via vesicular budding events. Interestingly, this egress of PICK1 was accelerated in the coding variants. We propose that PICK1 assists in or complements the removal of excess membrane and generic membrane trafficking proteins, and possibly also insulin, from ISGs during the maturation process; and that the coding variants may cause premature budding, possibly explaining their dominant-negative function.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Carrier Proteins ; Insulin ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; PICk1 protein, human ; amphiphysin (147954-52-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI144904
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Physical constraints and functional plasticity of cellulases

    Jeppe Kari / Gustavo A. Molina / Kay S. Schaller / Corinna Schiano-di-Cola / Stefan J. Christensen / Silke F. Badino / Trine H. Sørensen / Nanna S. Røjel / Malene B. Keller / Nanna Rolsted Sørensen / Bartlomiej Kolaczkowski / Johan P. Olsen / Kristian B. R. M. Krogh / Kenneth Jensen / Ana M. Cavaleiro / Günther H. J. Peters / Nikolaj Spodsberg / Kim Borch / Peter Westh

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Enzyme reactions at interfaces are common in both Nature and industrial applications but no general kinetic framework exists for interfacial enzymes. Here, the authors kinetically characterize 83 cellulases and identify a scaling relationship between ... ...

    Abstract Enzyme reactions at interfaces are common in both Nature and industrial applications but no general kinetic framework exists for interfacial enzymes. Here, the authors kinetically characterize 83 cellulases and identify a scaling relationship between ligand binding strength and maximal turnover, a so-called linear free energy relationship, which may help rationalize cellulolytic mechanisms and guide the selection of technical enzymes.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Physical constraints and functional plasticity of cellulases.

    Kari, Jeppe / Molina, Gustavo A / Schaller, Kay S / Schiano-di-Cola, Corinna / Christensen, Stefan J / Badino, Silke F / Sørensen, Trine H / Røjel, Nanna S / Keller, Malene B / Sørensen, Nanna Rolsted / Kolaczkowski, Bartlomiej / Olsen, Johan P / Krogh, Kristian B R M / Jensen, Kenneth / Cavaleiro, Ana M / Peters, Günther H J / Spodsberg, Nikolaj / Borch, Kim / Westh, Peter

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3847

    Abstract: Enzyme reactions, both in Nature and technical applications, commonly occur at the interface of immiscible phases. Nevertheless, stringent descriptions of interfacial enzyme catalysis remain sparse, and this is partly due to a shortage of coherent ... ...

    Abstract Enzyme reactions, both in Nature and technical applications, commonly occur at the interface of immiscible phases. Nevertheless, stringent descriptions of interfacial enzyme catalysis remain sparse, and this is partly due to a shortage of coherent experimental data to guide and assess such work. In this work, we produced and kinetically characterized 83 cellulases, which revealed a conspicuous linear free energy relationship (LFER) between the substrate binding strength and the activation barrier. The scaling occurred despite the investigated enzymes being structurally and mechanistically diverse. We suggest that the scaling reflects basic physical restrictions of the hydrolytic process and that evolutionary selection has condensed cellulase phenotypes near the line. One consequence of the LFER is that the activity of a cellulase can be estimated from its substrate binding strength, irrespectively of structural and mechanistic details, and this appears promising for in silico selection and design within this industrially important group of enzymes.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Biocatalysis ; Cellulases/chemistry ; Cellulases/metabolism ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Domains ; Substrate Specificity
    Chemical Substances Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Cellulases (EC 3.2.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-24075-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Danish National Child Health Register.

    Andersen, Mikkel Porsborg / Wiingreen, Rikke / Eroglu, Talip E / Christensen, Helle Collatz / Polcwiartek, Laura Bech / Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj Fasmer / Kragholm, Kristian / Torp-Pedersen, Christian / Sørensen, Kathrine Kold

    Clinical epidemiology

    2023  Volume 15, Page(s) 1087–1094

    Abstract: Aim of the database: The aim of the National Child Health Registry is to provide comprehensive insight into children's health and growth on a national scale by continuously monitoring the health status of Danish children. Through this effort, the ... ...

    Abstract Aim of the database: The aim of the National Child Health Registry is to provide comprehensive insight into children's health and growth on a national scale by continuously monitoring the health status of Danish children. Through this effort, the registry assists the health authorities in prioritizing preventive efforts to promote better child health outcomes.
    Study population: The registry includes all Danish children, however, incomplete coverage persists.
    Main variables: The National Child Health Registry contains information on exposure to secondhand smoking, breastfeeding duration, and anthropometric measurements through childhood. The information in the registry is divided into three datasets: Smoking, Breastfeeding, and Measurements. Beside specific information on the three topics, all datasets include information on CPR-number, date of birth, sex, municipality, and region of residence.
    Database status: The National Child Health Registry was established in 2009 and contains health information on children from all Danish municipalities, collected through routinely performed health examinations conducted by general practitioners and health nurses.
    Conclusion: The National Child Health Register is an asset to epidemiological and health research with nationwide information on children's health and growth in Denmark. Due to the unique Danish Civil Registration System, it is possible to link data from the National Child Health Register to information from several other national health and social registers which enables longitudinal unambiguous follow-up.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-14
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2494772-6
    ISSN 1179-1349
    ISSN 1179-1349
    DOI 10.2147/CLEP.S423587
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A machine-learning framework for robust and reliable prediction of short- and long-term treatment response in initially antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients based on multimodal neuropsychiatric data.

    Ambrosen, Karen S / Skjerbæk, Martin W / Foldager, Jonathan / Axelsen, Martin C / Bak, Nikolaj / Arvastson, Lars / Christensen, Søren R / Johansen, Louise B / Raghava, Jayachandra M / Oranje, Bob / Rostrup, Egill / Nielsen, Mette Ø / Osler, Merete / Fagerlund, Birgitte / Pantelis, Christos / Kinon, Bruce J / Glenthøj, Birte Y / Hansen, Lars K / Ebdrup, Bjørn H

    Translational psychiatry

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 276

    Abstract: The reproducibility of machine-learning analyses in computational psychiatry is a growing concern. In a multimodal neuropsychiatric dataset of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients, we discuss a workflow aimed at reducing bias and ... ...

    Abstract The reproducibility of machine-learning analyses in computational psychiatry is a growing concern. In a multimodal neuropsychiatric dataset of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients, we discuss a workflow aimed at reducing bias and overfitting by invoking simulated data in the design process and analysis in two independent machine-learning approaches, one based on a single algorithm and the other incorporating an ensemble of algorithms. We aimed to (1) classify patients from controls to establish the framework, (2) predict short- and long-term treatment response, and (3) validate the methodological framework. We included 138 antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients with data on psychopathology, cognition, electrophysiology, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Perinatal data and long-term outcome measures were obtained from Danish registers. Short-term treatment response was defined as change in Positive And Negative Syndrome Score (PANSS) after the initial antipsychotic treatment period. Baseline diagnostic classification algorithms also included data from 151 matched controls. Both approaches significantly classified patients from healthy controls with a balanced accuracy of 63.8% and 64.2%, respectively. Post-hoc analyses showed that the classification primarily was driven by the cognitive data. Neither approach predicted short- nor long-term treatment response. Validation of the framework showed that choice of algorithm and parameter settings in the real data was successfully guided by results from the simulated data. In conclusion, this novel approach holds promise as an important step to minimize bias and obtain reliable results with modest sample sizes when independent replication samples are not available.
    MeSH term(s) Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Schizophrenic Psychology
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-020-00962-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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