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Article ; Online: Galleria mellonella-intracellular bacteria pathogen infection models: the ins and outs.

Asai, Masanori / Li, Yanwen / Newton, Sandra M / Robertson, Brian D / Langford, Paul R

2023 Volume 47, Issue 2

Abstract: Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae are used widely as surrogate infectious disease models, due to ease of use and the presence of an innate immune system functionally similar to that of vertebrates. Here, we review G. mellonella-human ... ...

Abstract	Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae are used widely as surrogate infectious disease models, due to ease of use and the presence of an innate immune system functionally similar to that of vertebrates. Here, we review G. mellonella-human intracellular bacteria pathogen infection models from the genera Burkholderia, Coxiella, Francisella, Listeria, and Mycobacterium. For all genera, G. mellonella use has increased understanding of host-bacterial interactive biology, particularly through studies comparing the virulence of closely related species and/or wild-type versus mutant pairs. In many cases, virulence in G. mellonella mirrors that found in mammalian infection models, although it is unclear whether the pathogenic mechanisms are the same. The use of G. mellonella larvae has speeded up in vivo efficacy and toxicity testing of novel antimicrobials to treat infections caused by intracellular bacteria: an area that will expand since the FDA no longer requires animal testing for licensure. Further use of G. mellonella-intracellular bacteria infection models will be driven by advances in G. mellonella genetics, imaging, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomic methodologies, alongside the development and accessibility of reagents to quantify immune markers, all of which will be underpinned by a fully annotated genome.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Moths/microbiology ; Larva/microbiology ; Virulence ; Bacteria ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283740-7
ISSN	1574-6976 ; 0168-6445
ISSN (online)	1574-6976
ISSN	0168-6445
DOI	10.1093/femsre/fuad011
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Article ; Online: Anthropogenic particle concentrations and fluxes in an urban river are temporally variable and impacted by storm events.

Berg, Elizabeth M / Dila, Deborah K / Schaul, Olivia / Eros, Audrey / McLellan, Sandra L / Newton, Ryan J / Hoellein, Timothy J / Kelly, John J

Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

2024 Volume 96, Issue 4, Page(s) e11021

Abstract: Anthropogenic particles (AP), which include microplastics and other synthetic, semisynthetic, and anthropogenically modified materials, are pollutants of concern in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Rivers are important conduits and retention sites for AP, ... ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic particles (AP), which include microplastics and other synthetic, semisynthetic, and anthropogenically modified materials, are pollutants of concern in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Rivers are important conduits and retention sites for AP, and time series data on the movement of these particles in lotic ecosystems are needed to assess the role of rivers in the global AP cycle. Much research assessing AP pollution extrapolates stream loads based on single time point measurements, but lotic ecosystems are highly variable over time (e.g., seasonality and storm events). The accuracy of models describing AP dynamics in rivers is constrained by the limited studies that examine how frequent changes in discharge drive particle retention and transport. This study addressed this knowledge gap by using automated, high-resolution sampling to track AP concentrations and fluxes during multiple storm events in an urban river (Milwaukee River) and comparing these measurements to commonly monitored water quality metrics. AP concentrations and fluxes varied significantly across four storm events, highlighting the temporal variability of AP dynamics. When data from the sampling periods were pooled, there were increases in particle concentration and flux during the early phases of the storms, suggesting that floods may flush AP into the river and/or resuspend particles from the benthic zone. AP flux was closely linked to river discharge, suggesting large loads of AP are delivered downstream during storms. Unexpectedly, AP concentrations were not correlated with other simultaneously measured water quality metrics, including total suspended solids, fecal coliforms, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate, indicating that these metrics cannot be used to estimate AP. These data will contribute to more accurate models of particle dynamics in rivers and global plastic export to oceans. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Anthropogenic particle (AP) concentrations and fluxes in an urban river varied across four storm events. AP concentrations and fluxes were the highest during the early phases of the storms. Storms increased AP transport downstream compared with baseflow. AP concentrations did not correlate with other water quality metrics during storms.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Plastics ; Water Quality ; Rivers ; Feces ; Environmental Monitoring ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1098976-6
ISSN	1554-7531 ; 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
ISSN (online)	1554-7531
ISSN	1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
DOI	10.1002/wer.11021
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Article ; Online: Zika virus prevention behaviors and knowledge among male partners of pregnant people and lack of condom use as a prevention behavior from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study, Colombia.

Sancken, Christina L / Tannis, Ayzsa / Amouzou, Sandra A / Burkel, Veronica / Carlson, Jeffrey M / Newton, Suzanne / Gilboa, Suzanne M / Gonzalez, Maritza / Valencia, Diana / Tong, Van T / Ospina, Martha

BMC research notes

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 87

Abstract: Objective: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause brain and eye abnormalities and neurodevelopmental sequelae. In the absence of medical countermeasures, behavioral interventions were recommended to prevent mosquito bites and sexual ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause brain and eye abnormalities and neurodevelopmental sequelae. In the absence of medical countermeasures, behavioral interventions were recommended to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission of ZIKV. This report uses data from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study in Colombia to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to ZIKV prevention in male partners compared to those of their pregnant partners at study enrollment during February 2017-2018. Results: Most male partners reported wearing protective clothing such as long pants (97.6%) and long sleeves (72.8%), as well as covering ankles and feet (89.1%) to prevent ZIKV infection. When comparing the preventive behavior of condom use between male and pregnant partners, 26 pairs (10.0%) both responded that they performed the behavior. Overall, 25.1% of male partners and 18.9% of pregnant people reported any condom use during the three months before enrolling in ZEN. When comparing other preventive behaviors between male and pregnant partners, the behavior which was most frequently reported by both partners was wearing long pants (85.4%), and the least frequently reported by both partners was using condoms after finding out about a partner's pregnancy (3.4%).
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control ; Condoms ; Colombia ; Prospective Studies ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2413336-X
ISSN	1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
ISSN (online)	1756-0500
ISSN	1756-0500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-024-06702-1
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Article ; Online: Comparative transcriptomic analysis of whole blood mycobacterial growth assays and tuberculosis patients' blood RNA profiles.

Bachanová, Petra / Cheyne, Ashleigh / Broderick, Claire / Newton, Sandra M / Levin, Michael / Kaforou, Myrsini

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 17684

Abstract: In vitro whole blood infection models are used for elucidating the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They exhibit commonalities but also differences, to the in vivo blood transcriptional response during natural human Mtb disease. Here, ...

Abstract	In vitro whole blood infection models are used for elucidating the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They exhibit commonalities but also differences, to the in vivo blood transcriptional response during natural human Mtb disease. Here, we present a description of concordant and discordant components of the immune response in blood, quantified through transcriptional profiling in an in vitro whole blood infection model compared to whole blood from patients with tuberculosis disease. We identified concordantly and discordantly expressed gene modules and performed in silico cell deconvolution. A high degree of concordance of gene expression between both adult and paediatric in vivo-in vitro tuberculosis infection was identified. Concordance in paediatric in vivo vs in vitro comparison is largely characterised by immune suppression, while in adults the comparison is marked by concordant immune activation, particularly that of inflammation, chemokine, and interferon signalling. Discordance between in vitro and in vivo increases over time and is driven by T-cell regulation and monocyte-related gene expression, likely due to apoptotic depletion of monocytes and increasing relative fraction of longer-lived cell types, such as T and B cells. Our approach facilitates a more informed use of the whole blood in vitro model, while also accounting for its limitations.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Transcriptome ; RNA ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Interferons/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA (63231-63-0) ; Interferons (9008-11-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-20409-y
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Article: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Determinants of Group B

Jones, Sandra / Newton, Peter / Payne, Matthew / Furfaro, Lucy

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 839079

Abstract: Streptococcus ... ...

Abstract	Streptococcus agalactiae
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.839079
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Article ; Online: Innate Immune Responses of

Asai, Masanori / Sheehan, Gerard / Li, Yanwen / Robertson, Brian D / Kavanagh, Kevin / Langford, Paul R / Newton, Sandra M

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 619981

Abstract: The larvae of the ... ...

Abstract	The larvae of the insect
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; BCG Vaccine ; Immunity, Innate ; Larva ; Mice ; Moths ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Proteomics ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2021.619981
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Article ; Online: Galleria mellonella

Asai, Masanori / Li, Yanwen / Spiropoulos, John / Cooley, William / Everest, David J / Kendall, Sharon L / Martín, Carlos / Robertson, Brian D / Langford, Paul R / Newton, Sandra M

Virulence

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1543–1557

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), caused ... ...

Abstract	Tuberculosis (TB), caused by
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antitubercular Agents ; Moths/microbiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2657572-3
ISSN	2150-5608 ; 2150-5594
ISSN (online)	2150-5608
ISSN	2150-5594
DOI	10.1080/21505594.2022.2119657
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Article: Galleria mellonella

Asai, Masanori / Li, Yanwen / Khara, Jasmeet Singh / Robertson, Brian D / Langford, Paul R / Newton, Sandra M

Frontiers in microbiology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 2630

Abstract: Drug screening models have a vital role in the development of novel antimycobacterial agents which are urgently needed to tackle drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). We recently established the larvae of the ... ...

Abstract	Drug screening models have a vital role in the development of novel antimycobacterial agents which are urgently needed to tackle drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). We recently established the larvae of the insect
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2019.02630
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Article ; Online: What are practitioners' views of how digital health interventions may play a role in online child sexual abuse service delivery?

Quayle, Ethel / Schwannauer, Matthias / Varese, Filippo / Cartwright, Kim / Hewins, Will / Chan, Cindy / Newton, Alice / Chitsabesan, Prathiba / Richards, Cathy / Bucci, Sandra

Frontiers in digital health

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) 1325385

Abstract: Introduction: Online child sexual abuse (OCSA) affects considerable numbers of children globally and is associated with a variety of mental health problems. Existing practitioner studies suggest that young people are infrequently asked about online ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Online child sexual abuse (OCSA) affects considerable numbers of children globally and is associated with a variety of mental health problems. Existing practitioner studies suggest that young people are infrequently asked about online abuse and practitioners have a fragmented understanding of the problems experienced or how they might approach them. There are very few evidence-based interventions that guide clinical assessment or practice. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have the potential to be an effective option where children and young people's services are challenged, including accessibility and anonymity. The aim of this study was to explore mental health practitioners' views of how DHIs may play a role in supporting young people who have experienced OCSA, and the role they can play in healthcare delivery. Method: In-depth qualitative interviews and one focus group were conducted with 25 child mental health professionals across two sites (Manchester and Edinburgh). Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Three overarching themes and 9 sub-themes were identified: (1) feeling a little bit lost; (2) seeing potential problems; and (3) knowing what works. Practitioners expressed interest in a DHI to support this client group and saw it as a way of managing waiting lists and complementing existing therapies. They felt that many young people would see this as a preferred medium to in-person therapy, would be empowering, and offers new ways of learning how to stay safe online. However, there were concerns about how much time would be needed by staff to deliver a DHI, anxieties about safety issues in relation to content and data protection, some of which may be unique to this population of young people, and concerns about the absence of a therapeutic relationship with vulnerable children. Discussion: Our findings indicated that practitioners were uncertain about working with children subjected to OCSA but were receptive to the possibility of using a DHI to support their practice and to reduce waiting lists. Concerns were expressed about the time needed for staff training and support as well as concerns over patient safety and the lack of evidence about the effectiveness of an unsupported DHI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-253X
ISSN (online)	2673-253X
DOI	10.3389/fdgth.2024.1325385
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Article ; Online: The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol.

McAusland, Laina / Burton, Christie L / Bagnell, Alexa / Boylan, Khrista / Hatchard, Taylor / Lingley-Pottie, Patricia / Al Maruf, Abdullah / McGrath, Patrick / Newton, Amanda S / Rowa, Karen / Schachar, Russell J / Shaheen, S-M / Stewart, Sam / Arnold, Paul D / Crosbie, Jennifer / Mattheisen, Manuel / Soreni, Noam / Stewart, S Evelyn / Meier, Sandra

BMC psychiatry

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 159

Abstract: Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial ... ...

Abstract	Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial impairment across the lifespan. Genetic factors play an important role in the vulnerability toward anxiety disorders. However, genetic contribution to anxiety in youth is not well understood and can change across developmental stages. Large-scale genetic studies of youth are needed with detailed assessments of symptoms of anxiety disorders and their major comorbidities to inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Methods: The Genetic Architecture of Youth Anxiety (GAYA) study is a Pan-Canadian effort of clinical and genetic experts with specific recruitment sites in Calgary, Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto, and Vancouver. Youth aged 10-19 (n = 13,000) will be recruited from both clinical and community settings and will provide saliva samples, complete online questionnaires on demographics, symptoms of mental health concerns, and behavioural inhibition, and complete neurocognitive tasks. A subset of youth will be offered access to a self-managed Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy resource. Analyses will focus on the identification of novel genetic risk loci for anxiety disorders in youth and assess how much of the genetic risk for anxiety disorders is unique or shared across the life span. Discussion: Results will substantially inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Given that the GAYA study will be the biggest genomic study of anxiety disorders in youth in Canada, this project will further foster collaborations nationally and across the world.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Canada ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/genetics ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Anxiety/psychology ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-024-05583-9
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