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Article: Acid-base abnormalities and liver dysfunction.

Katopodis, Periklis / Pappas, Efthymios M / Katopodis, Konstantinos P

2022 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 100675

Abstract: In addition to the kidneys and lungs, the liver also plays an important role in the regulation of the Acid-Base Equilibrium (ABE). The involvement of the liver in the regulation of ABE is crucial because of its role in lactic acid metabolism, urea ... ...

Abstract	In addition to the kidneys and lungs, the liver also plays an important role in the regulation of the Acid-Base Equilibrium (ABE). The involvement of the liver in the regulation of ABE is crucial because of its role in lactic acid metabolism, urea production and in protein homeostasis. The main acid-base imbalance that occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis is Respiratory Alkalosis (RAlk). Due to the fact that in these patients additional pathophysiological mechanisms that affect the ABE are present, other disorders may appear which compensate or enhance the primary disorder. Conventional ABE reading models fail to identify and assess the underlying disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis. This weakness of the classical models led to the creation of new physicochemical mathematical models that take into account all the known parameters that develop and affect the ABE. In addition to the RAlk, in patients with liver cirrhosis, metabolic alkalosis (due to hypoalbuminemia), hyponatremic metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis due to urea metabolism are some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that affect the ABE.
MeSH term(s)	Acidosis/etiology ; Acidosis/metabolism ; Alkalosis/complications ; Alkalosis/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis ; Liver Diseases/metabolism ; Urea
Chemical Substances	Urea (8W8T17847W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2188733-0
ISSN	1665-2681
ISSN	1665-2681
DOI	10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100675
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Article ; Online: Pathophysiology of Drug-Induced Hypomagnesaemia.

Katopodis, Periklis / Karteris, Emmanouil / Katopodis, Konstantinos P

Drug safety

2021 Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) 867–880

Abstract: Magnesium ( ... ...

Abstract	Magnesium (Mg
MeSH term(s)	Diuretics/adverse effects ; Humans ; Magnesium Deficiency/chemically induced ; Magnesium Deficiency/physiopathology ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Diuretics ; Proton Pump Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1018059-x
ISSN	1179-1942 ; 0114-5916
ISSN (online)	1179-1942
ISSN	0114-5916
DOI	10.1007/s40264-020-00947-y
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Article ; Online: Acid-base abnormalities and liver dysfunction

Periklis Katopodis / Efthymios M. Pappas / Konstantinos P. Katopodis

Annals of Hepatology, Vol 27, Iss 2, Pp 100675- (2022)

2022

Abstract	In addition to the kidneys and lungs, the liver also plays an important role in the regulation of the Acid-Base Equilibrium (ABE). The involvement of the liver in the regulation of ABE is crucial because of its role in lactic acid metabolism, urea production and in protein homeostasis. The main acid-base imbalance that occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis is Respiratory Alkalosis (RAlk). Due to the fact that in these patients additional pathophysiological mechanisms that affect the ABE are present, other disorders may appear which compensate or enhance the primary disorder. Conventional ABE reading models fail to identify and assess the underlying disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis. This weakness of the classical models led to the creation of new physicochemical mathematical models that take into account all the known parameters that develop and affect the ABE. In addition to the RAlk, in patients with liver cirrhosis, metabolic alkalosis (due to hypoalbuminemia), hyponatremic metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis due to urea metabolism are some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that affect the ABE.
Keywords	Acid-base equilibrium/acid-base balance ; Hepatic diseases/liver cirrhosis ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Patient's satisfactory outcomes after implementation of follow-up 'virtual clinics' in age-related macular degeneration treatment.

Empeslidis, Theo / Tsaousis, Konstantinos T / Katopodis, Periklis / Tyradellis, Straton

Clinical & experimental optometry

2021 Volume 105, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–95

MeSH term(s)	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Degeneration/therapy
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639275-1
ISSN	1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
ISSN (online)	1444-0938
ISSN	0816-4622
DOI	10.1080/08164622.2021.1878841
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Article: Molecular characteristics of uveal melanoma and intraocular tumors.

Katopodis, Periklis / Khalifa, Mohammad S / Anikin, Vladimir

Oncology letters

2020 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 9

Abstract: Malignant melanomas within the eye present different types of metabolic and metastatic behavior. Uveal melanoma (UM) affects a quarter of a million individuals in the USA; however, the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Although UV radiation ... ...

Abstract	Malignant melanomas within the eye present different types of metabolic and metastatic behavior. Uveal melanoma (UM) affects a quarter of a million individuals in the USA; however, the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Although UV radiation is a risk factor in cutaneous melanomas, it is not crucial for UM progression. Apart from chromosomal abnormalities, numerous major tumorigenic signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, Ras-association domain family 1 isoform A and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif signaling pathways, are associated with intraocular tumors. The present review describes the current insights regarding these signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, and could be used as potential targets for the treatment of UMs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-03
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2573196-8
ISSN	1792-1082 ; 1792-1074
ISSN (online)	1792-1082
ISSN	1792-1074
DOI	10.3892/ol.2020.12270
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Article ; Online: p38β - MAPK11 and its role in female cancers.

Katopodis, Periklis / Kerslake, Rachel / Zikopoulos, Athanasios / Beri, Nefeli / Anikin, Vladimir

Journal of ovarian research

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 84

Abstract: Background: The p38MAPK family of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases are a group of signalling molecules involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation and differentiation. The widely studied p38α isoform is ubiquitously expressed and is implicated in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The p38MAPK family of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases are a group of signalling molecules involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation and differentiation. The widely studied p38α isoform is ubiquitously expressed and is implicated in a number of cancer pathologies, as are p38γ and p38δ. However, the mechanistic role of the isoform, p38β, remains fairly elusive. Recent studies suggest a possible role of p38β in both breast and endometrial cancer with research suggesting involvement in bone metastasis and cancer cell survival. Female tissue specific cancers such as breast, endometrial, uterine and ovary account for over 3,000,000 cancer related incidents annually; advancements in therapeutics and treatment however require a deeper understanding of the molecular aetiology associated with these diseases. This study provides an overview of the MAPK signalling molecule p38β (MAPK11) in female cancers using an in-silico approach. Methods: A detailed gene expression and methylation analysis was performed using datasets from cBioportal, CanSar and MEXPRESS. Breast, Uterine Endometrial, Cervical, Ovarian and Uterine Carcinosarcoma TCGA cancer datasets were used and analysed. Results: Data using cBioportal and CanSAR suggest that expression of p38β is lower in cancers: BRCA, UCEC, UCS, CESC and OV compared to normal tissue. Methylation data from SMART and MEXPRESS indicate significant probe level variation of CpG island methylation status of the gene MAPK11. Analysis of the genes' two CpG islands shows that the gene was hypermethylated in the CpG1 with increased methylation seen in BRCA, CESC and UCEC cancer data sets with a slight increase of expression recorded in cancer samples. CpG2 exhibited hypomethylation with no significant difference between samples and high levels of expression. Further analysis from MEXPRESS revealed no significance between probe methylation and altered levels of expression. In addition, no difference in the expression of BRCA oestrogen/progesterone/HER2 status was seen. Conclusion: This data provides an overview of the expression of p38β in female tissue specific cancers, showing a decrease in expression of the gene in BRCA, UCEC, CESC, UCS and OV, increasing the understanding of p38β MAPK expression and offering insight for future in-vitro investigation and therapeutic application.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11/genetics ; Neoplasms/enzymology ; Neoplasms/genetics
Chemical Substances	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2455679-8
ISSN	1757-2215 ; 1757-2215
ISSN (online)	1757-2215
ISSN	1757-2215
DOI	10.1186/s13048-021-00834-9
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Article ; Online: Host cell entry mediators implicated in the cellular tropism of SARS‑CoV‑2, the pathophysiology of COVID‑19 and the identification of microRNAs that can modulate the expression of these mediators (Review).

Katopodis, Periklis / Randeva, Harpal S / Spandidos, Demetrios A / Saravi, Sayeh / Kyrou, Ioannis / Karteris, Emmanouil

International journal of molecular medicine

2021 Volume 49, Issue 2

Abstract: The pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is mainly dependent on the underlying mechanisms that mediate the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) into the host cells of the various human tissues/organs. ... ...

Abstract	The pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is mainly dependent on the underlying mechanisms that mediate the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) into the host cells of the various human tissues/organs. Recent studies have indicated a higher order of complexity of the mechanisms of infectivity, given that there is a wide‑repertoire of possible cell entry mediators that appear to co‑localise in a cell‑ and tissue‑specific manner. The present study provides an overview of the 'canonical' SARS‑CoV‑2 mediators, namely angiotensin converting enzyme 2, transmembrane protease serine 2 and 4, and neuropilin‑1, expanding on the involvement of novel candidates, including glucose‑regulated protein 78, basigin, kidney injury molecule‑1, metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (also termed tumour necrosis factor‑α convertase) and Toll‑like receptor 4. Furthermore, emerging data indicate that changes in microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression levels in patients with COVID‑19 are suggestive of further complexity in the regulation of these viral mediators. An
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/genetics ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Viral Tropism ; Virus Internalization
Chemical Substances	Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ; Membrane Proteins ; MicroRNAs ; Receptors, Virus ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Neuropilin-1 (144713-63-3) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS4 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1444428-8
ISSN	1791-244X ; 1107-3756
ISSN (online)	1791-244X
ISSN	1107-3756
DOI	10.3892/ijmm.2021.5075
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Zs.A 4942: Show issues

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Article: Image Analysis of 3D Conjunctival Melanoma Cell Cultures Following Electrochemotherapy.

Fiorentzis, Miltiadis / Katopodis, Periklis / Kalirai, Helen / Seitz, Berthold / Viestenz, Arne / Coupland, Sarah E

Biomedicines

2020 Volume 8, Issue 6

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent small avascular tumors in vitro and simulate some of the biological characteristics of solid tumors, enhancing the evaluation of anticancer drug efficacy. Automated image analysis can be used for the ... ...

Abstract	Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent small avascular tumors in vitro and simulate some of the biological characteristics of solid tumors, enhancing the evaluation of anticancer drug efficacy. Automated image analysis can be used for the assessment of tumor growth and documentation of changes in the size parameters of 3D tumor spheroids following anticancer treatments such as electrochemotherapy. The objective of this article is to assess the effect of various electroporation (EP) conditions (500-750 Volts/cm, 8-20 pulses, 100 µs pulse duration, 5 Hz repetition rate) combined with different bleomycin concentrations (1-2.5 ug/mL) on normal epithelial (HCjE-Gi) and conjunctival melanoma (CRMM1, CRMM2) 3D-cell cultures, through an automated image analysis and a comparison with standard histological assays. A reduction in tumor mass with loss of cell definition was observed after ECT (750 Volts/cm with eight pulses and 500 Volts/cm with 20 pulses) with bleomycin (1 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL) in the histological and immunohistochemical analyses of 3D CRMM1 and CRMM2 spheroids, whereas an increase in volume and a decrease in sphericity was documented in the automated image analysis and 3D visualization of both melanoma cell lines. For all other treatment conditions and for the HCjE-Gi cell line, no significant changes to their morphological features were observed. Image analysis with integrated software tools provides an accessible and comprehensive platform for the preliminary selection of homogenous spheroids and for the monitoring of drug efficacy, implementing the traditional screening methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines8060158
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Article: Endometrial changes in estrogen and progesterone receptor expression during implantation in an oocyte donation program.

Klonos, Eleftherios / Katopodis, Periklis / Karteris, Emmanouil / Papanikolaou, Evangelos / Tarlatzis, Basil / Pados, George

Experimental and therapeutic medicine

2020 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 178

Abstract: Implantation is the final and most important stage of embryogenesis and is of paramount importance in achieving a successful pregnancy. Progesterone and estrogen are steroid hormones responsible for the regulation of the implantation window and the ... ...

Abstract	Implantation is the final and most important stage of embryogenesis and is of paramount importance in achieving a successful pregnancy. Progesterone and estrogen are steroid hormones responsible for the regulation of the implantation window and the current study hypothesised that their receptors may be implicated in women undergoing oocyte donation. A total of 15 women aged 25-32 years old (mean ± SD, 28.9±2.89) undergoing oocyte donation were recruited into the present study. Participants underwent ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone. Endometrial aspiration biopsy was performed on the day of oocyte retrieval and after 5 days (on days 0 and 5, respectively). Endometrial histology and evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER)α and progesterone receptor (PR)-B were performed on days 0 and 5. The ER nodal staining percentage on day 0 was age-associated, with patients aged <30 years demonstrating 100% staining and those aged >30 years exhibiting 90% staining. Pathological staining revealed statistically significant differences between days 0 and 5 following all staining procedures. Wilcoxon signed-rank test resulted in the following P-values, for ER (nodes % and stromal %) day 0/5, P=0.0001; for PR (nodes % and stromal %) day 0/5, P=0.0001 and P=0.035, respectively; for ER (grade nodes and stromal %) day 0/5, P=0.0001; and PR (grade nodes and stromal %) day 0/5 P=0.0001 and P=0.016, respectively. Synchronization between blastocyst development and the acquisition of endometrial receptivity is a prerequisite for the success of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2683844-8
ISSN	1792-1015 ; 1792-0981
ISSN (online)	1792-1015
ISSN	1792-0981
DOI	10.3892/etm.2020.9308
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Article ; Online: Circulating tumour cells and circulating cell-free DNA in patients with lung cancer

Vladimir Anikin / Thomas Carter / Marcia Hall / Andreas Polychronis / Periklis Katopodis / Uday Kishore / Nizar Asadi / Emmanouil Karteris

BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 8, Iss

a comparison between thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

2021 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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