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  1. Article ; Online: Great Expectations of COVID-19 Herd Immunity.

    Giurgea, Luca T / Morens, David M

    mBio

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e0349521

    Abstract: There is a common preconception that reaching an estimated herd immunity threshold through vaccination will end the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mathematical models underpinning this estimate make numerous assumptions that may not be met in the real ... ...

    Abstract There is a common preconception that reaching an estimated herd immunity threshold through vaccination will end the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mathematical models underpinning this estimate make numerous assumptions that may not be met in the real world. The protection afforded by vaccines is imperfect, particularly against asymptomatic infection, which can still result in transmission and propagate pandemic viral spread. Immune responses wane and SARS-COV-2 has the capacity to mutate over time to become more infectious and resistant to vaccine elicited immunity. Human behavior and public health restrictions also vary over time and among different populations, impacting the transmissibility of infection. These ever-changing factors modify the number of secondary cases produced by an infected individual, thereby necessitating constant revision of the herd immunity threshold. Even so, vaccination remains a powerful strategy to slow down the pandemic, save lives, and alleviate the burden on limited health care resources.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunity, Herd ; Motivation ; Pandemics ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2557172-2
    ISSN 2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
    ISSN (online) 2150-7511
    ISSN 2161-2129
    DOI 10.1128/mbio.03495-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Many potential pathways to future pandemic influenza.

    Morens, David M / Park, Jaekeun / Taubenberger, Jeffery K

    Science translational medicine

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 718, Page(s) eadj2379

    Abstract: Although influenza A viruses have caused pandemics for centuries, future pandemics cannot be predicted with our current understanding and resources. Concern about an H5N1 avian influenza pandemic has caused alarm since 1997, but there are many other ... ...

    Abstract Although influenza A viruses have caused pandemics for centuries, future pandemics cannot be predicted with our current understanding and resources. Concern about an H5N1 avian influenza pandemic has caused alarm since 1997, but there are many other possible routes to pandemic influenza.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518854-9
    ISSN 1946-6242 ; 1946-6234
    ISSN (online) 1946-6242
    ISSN 1946-6234
    DOI 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj2379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses.

    Morens, David M / Taubenberger, Jeffery K / Fauci, Anthony S

    Cell host & microbe

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 146–157

    Abstract: Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other "common cold" viruses, cause significant mortality and morbidity and are important public ...

    Abstract Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other "common cold" viruses, cause significant mortality and morbidity and are important public health concerns. Because these viruses generally do not elicit complete and durable protective immunity by themselves, they have not to date been effectively controlled by licensed or experimental vaccines. In this review, we examine challenges that have impeded development of effective mucosal respiratory vaccines, emphasizing that all of these viruses replicate extremely rapidly in the surface epithelium and are quickly transmitted to other hosts, within a narrow window of time before adaptive immune responses are fully marshaled. We discuss possible approaches to developing next-generation vaccines against these viruses, in consideration of several variables such as vaccine antigen configuration, dose and adjuventation, route and timing of vaccination, vaccine boosting, adjunctive therapies, and options for public health vaccination polices.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Influenza, Human ; Influenza Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Concept of Classical Herd Immunity May Not Apply to COVID-19.

    Morens, David M / Folkers, Gregory K / Fauci, Anthony S

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 226, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–198

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiac109
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  5. Article ; Online: Emerging Pandemic Diseases: How We Got to COVID-19.

    Morens, David M / Fauci, Anthony S

    Cell

    2020  Volume 183, Issue 3, Page(s) 837

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.022
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  6. Article ; Online: Reply to Tournier, "Pandemic Legion History More Complex than Previously Thought".

    Morens, David M / Taubenberger, Jeffery K

    mBio

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 5

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2557172-2
    ISSN 2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
    ISSN (online) 2150-7511
    ISSN 2161-2129
    DOI 10.1128/mBio.02654-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Legacy.

    Taubenberger, Jeffery K / Morens, David M

    Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 10

    Abstract: Just over a century ago in 1918-1919, the "Spanish" influenza pandemic appeared nearly simultaneously around the world and caused extraordinary mortality-estimated at 50-100 million fatalities-associated with unexpected clinical and epidemiological ... ...

    Abstract Just over a century ago in 1918-1919, the "Spanish" influenza pandemic appeared nearly simultaneously around the world and caused extraordinary mortality-estimated at 50-100 million fatalities-associated with unexpected clinical and epidemiological features. The pandemic's sudden appearance and high fatality rate were unprecedented, and 100 years later still serve as a stark reminder of the continual threat influenza poses. Sequencing and reconstruction of the 1918 virus have allowed scientists to answer many questions about its origin and pathogenicity, although many questions remain. Several of the unusual features of the 1918-1919 pandemic, including age-specific mortality patterns and the high frequency of severe pneumonias, are still not fully understood. The 1918 pandemic virus initiated a pandemic era still ongoing. The descendants of the 1918 virus remain today as annually circulating and evolving influenza viruses causing significant mortality each year. This review summarizes key findings and unanswered questions about this deadliest of human events.
    MeSH term(s) Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919/history ; Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919/mortality ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ISSN 2157-1422
    ISSN (online) 2157-1422
    DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a038695
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Emerging Pandemic Diseases: How We Got to COVID-19.

    Morens, David M / Fauci, Anthony S

    Cell

    2020  Volume 182, Issue 5, Page(s) 1077–1092

    Abstract: Infectious diseases prevalent in humans and animals are caused by pathogens that once emerged from other animal hosts. In addition to these established infections, new infectious diseases periodically emerge. In extreme cases they may cause pandemics ... ...

    Abstract Infectious diseases prevalent in humans and animals are caused by pathogens that once emerged from other animal hosts. In addition to these established infections, new infectious diseases periodically emerge. In extreme cases they may cause pandemics such as COVID-19; in other cases, dead-end infections or smaller epidemics result. Established diseases may also re-emerge, for example by extending geographically or by becoming more transmissible or more pathogenic. Disease emergence reflects dynamic balances and imbalances, within complex globally distributed ecosystems comprising humans, animals, pathogens, and the environment. Understanding these variables is a necessary step in controlling future devastating disease emergences.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Demography ; Environment ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.021
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  9. Article ; Online: Richard M. Krause: Avuncular avatar of microbial science.

    Morens, David M

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2016  Volume 113, Issue 7, Page(s) 1681–1683

    MeSH term(s) History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Microbiology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1525722113
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    Full text online

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  10. Article ; Online: Universal Coronavirus Vaccines - An Urgent Need.

    Morens, David M / Taubenberger, Jeffery K / Fauci, Anthony S

    The New England journal of medicine

    2021  Volume 386, Issue 4, Page(s) 297–299

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Chiroptera/virology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Endemic Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMp2118468
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