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Article ; Online: Pouring from an Empty Cup

Millie Cordaro

Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 17-

The Case for Compassion Fatigue in Higher Education

2020 Volume 28

Abstract: Background: With the global pandemic, higher education has experienced unparalleled changes with abrupt transitions to remote and online learning. Faculty are working to provide continuity of teaching and support to students whose lives have been ... ...

Abstract	Background: With the global pandemic, higher education has experienced unparalleled changes with abrupt transitions to remote and online learning. Faculty are working to provide continuity of teaching and support to students whose lives have been disrupted; therefore, faculty are finding themselves managing distressed students with a wide range of issues, while also managing their own intrapersonal stress. Consequently, faculty may experience feelings of being psychologically overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted. Aim: This article informs faculty in higher education on the concept of compassion fatigue along with the symptoms, warning signs, and risk factors. In addition, protective factors, including self-care plans and coping strategies are addressed. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on compassion fatigue was conducted including the application of the construct to teaching and education. The literature review illuminates the use of compassion fatigue, originating from the scientific disciplines of counseling and traumatology, within an emerging line of research findings occurring amongst educators prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The literature demonstrates that compassion fatigue as a prospective, intrapersonal condition may potentially affect some faculty in higher education, and the proposed conceptual application of the construct to teaching and education can assist with acknowledging and understanding an important aspect of faculty mental health. Conclusions: Given the crisis surrounding the pandemic, it's essential for faculty to be aware of compassion fatigue in order to mitigate potential intrapersonal psychological and emotional consequences. Elucidating the symptoms and implications of compassion fatigue for faculty in higher education is part of a broader, overlooked issue on faculty mental health and wellness.
Keywords	compassion fatigue ; teaching ; higher education ; pandemic ; faculty mental health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Ohio State University Libraries
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pouring from an Empty Cup

Cordaro, Millie

Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal; Vol 4, No; 17-28 ; 2573-7643 ; 10.18061/bhac.v4i2

The Case for Compassion Fatigue in Higher Education

2020 Volume 2

Abstract	Background: With the global pandemic, higher education has experienced unparalleled changes with abrupt transitions to remote and online learning. Faculty are working to provide continuity of teaching and support to students whose lives have been disrupted; therefore, faculty are finding themselves managing distressed students with a wide range of issues, while also managing their own intrapersonal stress. Consequently, faculty may experience feelings of being psychologically overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted.Aim: This article informs faculty in higher education on the concept of compassion fatigue along with the symptoms, warning signs, and risk factors. In addition, protective factors, including self-care plans and coping strategies are addressed.Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on compassion fatigue was conducted including the application of the construct to teaching and education. The literature review illuminates the use of compassion fatigue, originating from the scientific disciplines of counseling and traumatology, within an emerging line of research findings occurring amongst educators prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: The literature demonstrates that compassion fatigue as a prospective, intrapersonal condition may potentially affect some faculty in higher education, and the proposed conceptual application of the construct to teaching and education can assist with acknowledging and understanding an important aspect of faculty mental health.Conclusions: Given the crisis surrounding the pandemic, it's essential for faculty to be aware of compassion fatigue in order to mitigate potential intrapersonal psychological and emotional consequences. Elucidating the symptoms and implications of compassion fatigue for faculty in higher education is part of a broader, overlooked issue on faculty mental health and wellness.
Keywords	compassion fatigue ; teaching ; higher education ; pandemic ; faculty mental health ; covid19
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-06
Publisher	The Ohio State University Libraries
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluating the relationship of empathic concern to college students' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shrestha, Neha R / Deason, Rebecca G / Cordaro, Millie / Howard, Krista / Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly

Journal of American college health : J of ACH

2023 , Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604907-2
ISSN	1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
ISSN (online)	1940-3208
ISSN	0744-8481
DOI	10.1080/07448481.2023.2224432
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Article ; Online: The Ongoing Mental Health Plight of Depressed College Students: Clinical Recommendations and the Importance of Early Screening and Detection.

Schmiedehaus, Evan / Snyder, Ethan / Perrotte, Jessica / Deason, Rebecca / Howard, Krista / Cordaro, Millie

Issues in mental health nursing

2023 Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 562–570

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students. The psychological distress from the pandemic increased risk for provisional rates of Major Depression Disorder (MDD) during an already crucial developmental period. Using an online survey, ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students. The psychological distress from the pandemic increased risk for provisional rates of Major Depression Disorder (MDD) during an already crucial developmental period. Using an online survey, participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD using a validated screening tool, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and psychosocial correlates. Findings showed a significant increase in the prevalence of MDD, and significant differences in social support, loneliness, substance use, GAD and suicidality were identified. Early screening and detection for potential MDD symptoms can reduce the severity, duration, and reoccurrence of future MDD episodes for college students.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Students/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603180-8
ISSN	1096-4673 ; 0161-2840
ISSN (online)	1096-4673
ISSN	0161-2840
DOI	10.1080/01612840.2023.2215866
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Article ; Online: Lessons Learned about the Need for Early Screening for Depression during the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Uwadiale, Akuekegbe / Cordaro, Millie / Brunett, Kaitlin / Stern, Mark / Howard, Krista

Issues in mental health nursing

2021 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 272–281

Abstract: A nationwide survey assessed the prevalence and pandemic-related risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) at the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed a significant increase in the prevalence of MDD (22.7%) compared to the pre- ... ...

Abstract	A nationwide survey assessed the prevalence and pandemic-related risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) at the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed a significant increase in the prevalence of MDD (22.7%) compared to the pre-pandemic 12-month estimate (10.4%). Specific pandemic-related concerns, along with significant increases in stress, loneliness, fatigue, and substance use behaviors are noted for those with the provisional diagnosis of MDD. Early screening and detection for potential MDD cases can reduce the severity and duration of maladaptive symptoms, decreasing the risk for future depression episodes and the potential loss of quality of life and productivity.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603180-8
ISSN	1096-4673 ; 0161-2840
ISSN (online)	1096-4673
ISSN	0161-2840
DOI	10.1080/01612840.2021.1975333
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Article ; Online: Identifying the risk of opioid misuse in a chronic pain population: the utility of the MMPI-2-RF personality psychopathology five (PSY-5-RF) and higher-order scales.

Giblin, Madeline J / Cordaro, Millie / Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly / Jordan, Krista / Bitney, Catherine / Howard, Krista

Journal of behavioral medicine

2022 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 739–749

Abstract: Prescription-related opioid misuse, especially in chronic pain populations, is an ongoing problem and is related to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of two restructured scales of the MMPI-2-RF: the Personality ... ...

Abstract	Prescription-related opioid misuse, especially in chronic pain populations, is an ongoing problem and is related to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of two restructured scales of the MMPI-2-RF: the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5-RF) and the Higher-Order Scales to determine which of their subscales may be beneficial for identifying the risk of opioid misuse in a chronic pain population. A sample of 136 patients with chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorders completed the MMPI-2-RF and the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) upon admission to a functional restoration program. The PSY-5-RF and H-O subscales were correlated with the baseline COMM scores. Correlation analyses, ROC curve analyses, and multiple binary logistic regression models were developed to determine which subscales were most associated with elevated COMM scores. The results of the regression analyses suggest that Scale elevations on two of the PSY-5-RF Scales and two Higher-Order Scales of the MMPI-2-RF demonstrated significant associations with elevated COMM scores, thus exhibiting the utility of these subscales in identifying the risk of opioid misuse among chronic pain patients. These findings are clinically meaningful in underscoring the importance of identifying specific personality traits as potential predictors of opioid misuse, and identifying those at risk through careful screening. Clinical implications based on each of the PSY-5-RF and H-O scales significantly associated with elevated COMM scores are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Chronic Pain/drug therapy ; Humans ; MMPI ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; Personality ; Personality Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychometrics/methods ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	441827-x
ISSN	1573-3521 ; 0160-7715
ISSN (online)	1573-3521
ISSN	0160-7715
DOI	10.1007/s10865-022-00347-w
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Article: The Generation Gap Revisited: Generational Differences in Mental Health, Maladaptive Coping Behaviors, and Pandemic-Related Concerns During the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic.

Grelle, Kaitlin / Shrestha, Neha / Ximenes, Megan / Perrotte, Jessica / Cordaro, Millie / Deason, Rebecca G / Howard, Krista

Journal of adult development

2023 , Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in mental health symptoms, pandemic-related concerns, and maladaptive coping behaviors among adults in the United States across generations during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A social ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to assess differences in mental health symptoms, pandemic-related concerns, and maladaptive coping behaviors among adults in the United States across generations during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A social media campaign was used to recruit 2696 U.S. individuals to participate in an online survey in April 2020, assessing various validated psychosocial factors, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, loneliness, quality of life, and fatigue, along with pandemic-specific concerns and changes in alcohol use and substance use. Participants were grouped based on generation status (Gen Z, Millennial, Gen X, and Baby Boomer) and statistical comparisons were conducted based on demographics, psychosocial factors, pandemic-related concerns, and substance use. During the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the younger cohorts (Gen Z and Millennials) rated significantly worse on mental health indices, including major depression, GAD, perceived stress, loneliness, quality of life, and fatigue. Further, the participants in the Gen Z and Millennial generational groups exhibited greater increase in maladaptive coping with substance use, specifically alcohol use and increased use of sleep aids. Our results indicate that during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the Gen Z and Millennial generational cohorts were considered a psychologically vulnerable population due to their mental health and maladaptive coping behaviors. Improving access to mental health resources during early stages of a pandemic is an emerging public health concern.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016657-6
ISSN	1573-3440 ; 1068-0667
ISSN (online)	1573-3440
ISSN	1068-0667
DOI	10.1007/s10804-023-09442-x
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Article ; Online: Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Krista J. Howard / Caleb Leong / Sidney Chambless / Timothy J. Grigsby / Millie Cordaro / Jessica K. Perrotte / Jeffrey T. Howard

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 15748, p

Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

2022 Volume 15748

Abstract: Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study’s aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and ( ... ...

Abstract	Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study’s aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) evaluate whether social support can buffer the associations between MDD, psychosocial factors (perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and intimate partner violence) and substance use (alcohol and drug use). A nationwide survey included 593 postpartum mothers (within 12 months from birth). Participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD, and provided responses on validated instruments measuring stress, intimate partner violence, suicidal ideation, generalized anxiety, social support, and substance use. A hierarchical logistic regression model assessed the association of psychosocial factors and substance use with MDD. The final model shows that social support attenuates the association of MDD with perceived stress, alcohol use, and drug use, but does not buffer the relationship of MDD with anxiety or intimate partner violence. Social support was shown to significantly attenuate the effects of stress, alcohol use, and drug use on MDD, suggesting that the presence of a strong, supportive social network should be an area of increased focus for public health and healthcare professionals when caring for postpartum women.
Keywords	postpartum ; pregnancy ; depression ; substance use ; social support ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

Howard, Krista J / Leong, Caleb / Chambless, Sidney / Grigsby, Timothy J / Cordaro, Millie / Perrotte, Jessica K / Howard, Jeffrey T

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 23

Abstract: Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study's aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and ( ... ...

Abstract	Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study's aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) evaluate whether social support can buffer the associations between MDD, psychosocial factors (perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and intimate partner violence) and substance use (alcohol and drug use). A nationwide survey included 593 postpartum mothers (within 12 months from birth). Participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD, and provided responses on validated instruments measuring stress, intimate partner violence, suicidal ideation, generalized anxiety, social support, and substance use. A hierarchical logistic regression model assessed the association of psychosocial factors and substance use with MDD. The final model shows that social support attenuates the association of MDD with perceived stress, alcohol use, and drug use, but does not buffer the relationship of MDD with anxiety or intimate partner violence. Social support was shown to significantly attenuate the effects of stress, alcohol use, and drug use on MDD, suggesting that the presence of a strong, supportive social network should be an area of increased focus for public health and healthcare professionals when caring for postpartum women.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Social Support ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Intimate Partner Violence/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph192315748
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Article ; Online: Pandemic-Specific Factors Related to Generalized Anxiety Disorder during the Initial COVID-19 Protocols in the United States.

Cordaro, Millie / Grigsby, Timothy J / Howard, Jeffrey T / Deason, Rebecca G / Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly / Howard, Krista

Issues in mental health nursing

2021 Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 747–757

Abstract: Little is known about the psychological stress and secondary impacts emerging among the general U.S. population as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose for the current study is to assess the prevalence rates of Generalized Anxiety ... ...

Abstract	Little is known about the psychological stress and secondary impacts emerging among the general U.S. population as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose for the current study is to assess the prevalence rates of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and to establish psychosocial correlates, pandemic-themed concerns, and other comorbidities for those with GAD at the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This online study included 2,101 U.S. adults between April 14-22, 2020, during the initial stay-at-home protocols and assessed GAD, psychosocial factors, and pandemic-related factors including concerns, changes in health behaviors, and adherence to protocols. The results demonstrated a high prevalence rate (17.9%) for GAD during the initial COVID-19 outbreak compared with the prior 1.8% 12-month estimate before the pandemic. Individuals with GAD reported significantly higher levels of stress, loneliness, fatigue, and empathic concern, along with reductions in levels of quality of life. Likewise, those with GAD reported significantly higher pandemic-related concerns, poorer changes in general health behaviors, and less confidence in the government's response to the pandemic. For clinical purposes, these findings provide insight into the various types of pandemic-themed worries that individuals meeting clinical criteria for GAD will have the most difficulties controlling.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603180-8
ISSN	1096-4673 ; 0161-2840
ISSN (online)	1096-4673
ISSN	0161-2840
DOI	10.1080/01612840.2020.1867675
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