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Article: Ethical opportunities offered by the Human Genome Diversity Project.

Macer, D R J

Politics and the life sciences : the journal of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences

2002 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 325–327

MeSH term(s)	Ethics, Research ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Genome Project/ethics ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-12-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040372-0
ISSN	1471-5457 ; 0730-9384
ISSN (online)	1471-5457
ISSN	0730-9384
DOI	10.1017/s0730938400021602
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Patent or perish? An ethical approach to patenting human genes and proteins.

Macer, D R J

The pharmacogenomics journal

2002 Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) 361–366

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Genes/genetics ; Genetics, Medical/ethics ; Genetics, Medical/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/ethics ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2002
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2106831-8
ISSN	1473-1150 ; 1470-269X
ISSN (online)	1473-1150
ISSN	1470-269X
DOI	10.1038/sj.tpj.6500140
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Article: Biotechnology in agriculture: ethical aspects and public acceptance

Macer, D.R.J

Agricultural biotechnology /

1998

Keywords	bioethics ; public opinion ; intellectual property rights ; patents ; attitudes and opinions ; risk
Language	English
Size	p. 661-690.
Publisher	Marcel Dekker, c1998.
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Article
Note	Edited by A. Altman.
ISBN	0824794397 ; 9780824794392
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: An intensive behavioral weight loss intervention and hot flushes in women.

Huang, Alison J / Subak, Leslee L / Wing, Rena / West, Delia Smith / Hernandez, Alexandra L / Macer, Judy / Grady, Deborah

Archives of internal medicine

2010 Volume 170, Issue 13, Page(s) 1161–1167

Abstract: Background: Higher body mass index is associated with worse hot flushes during menopause but the effect of weight loss on flushing is unclear.: Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess bothersome hot flushes in a 6-month ... ...

Abstract	Background: Higher body mass index is associated with worse hot flushes during menopause but the effect of weight loss on flushing is unclear. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess bothersome hot flushes in a 6-month randomized controlled trial of an intensive behavioral weight loss program (intervention) vs a structured health education program (control) in 338 women who were overweight or obese and had urinary incontinence. Weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, physical activity, calorie intake, blood pressure, and physical and mental functioning were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. Repeated-measures proportional odds models examined intervention effects on bothersome hot flushes and potential mediating factors. Results: Approximately half of participants (n = 154) were at least slightly bothered by hot flushes at baseline. Among these women, the intervention was associated with greater improvement in bothersome flushes vs control (odds ratio [OR] for improvement by 1 Likert category, 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-4.21). Reductions in weight (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.61; per 5-kg decrease), body mass index (1.17; 1.05-1.30; per 1-point decrease), and abdominal circumference (1.32; 1.07-1.64; per 5-cm decrease) were each associated with improvement in flushing, but changes in physical activity, calorie intake, blood pressure, and physical and mental functioning were not related. The effect of the intervention on flushing was modestly diminished after adjustment for multiple potential mediators (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.95-3.89). Conclusion: Among women who were overweight or obese and had bothersome hot flushes, an intensive behavioral weight loss intervention resulted in improvement in flushing relative to control. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00091988.
MeSH term(s)	Alabama/epidemiology ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hot Flashes/complications ; Hot Flashes/epidemiology ; Hot Flashes/therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/therapy ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/therapy ; Rhode Island/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	211575-x
ISSN	1538-3679 ; 0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
ISSN (online)	1538-3679
ISSN	0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
DOI	10.1001/archinternmed.2010.162
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Article: Uterine and vaginal effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol.

Johnson, Susan R / Ettinger, Bruce / Macer, Judith L / Ensrud, Kristine E / Quan, Judy / Grady, Deborah

Obstetrics and gynecology

2005 Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) 779–787

Abstract: Objective: To investigate uterine effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol administered to postmenopausal women for 2 years.: Methods: Postmenopausal women (n = 417), aged 60-80 years, with a uterus and with bone mineral density that ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate uterine effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol administered to postmenopausal women for 2 years. Methods: Postmenopausal women (n = 417), aged 60-80 years, with a uterus and with bone mineral density that was normal for age (z score >or=-2.0) were randomly assigned to receive unopposed transdermal estradiol (14 microg per day) or identical placebo patch. We evaluated effects on endometrial histology, vaginal bleeding, and vaginal epithelial cell maturation. Results: At baseline, estradiol and placebo groups were similar in age (67 +/- 5 years) and in median baseline serum estradiol level (4.8 pg/mL, interquartile range 2.7, 8.0 pg/mL). In the estradiol group, median estradiol level increased to 8.6 pg/mL, (interquartile range 4.4, 13.9 pg/mL, P < .001). In the estradiol group, focal atypical endometrial hyperplasia developed in 1 woman, and adenosarcoma of the uterus developed in 1 woman. The placebo group had no endometrial hyperplasia. Endometrial proliferation occurred in 8.5% of the estradiol group and in 1.1% of the placebo group (P = .06). Incidence of vaginal bleeding was 12.4% in the estradiol group and 8.6% in the placebo group (P = .3). Vaginal epithelial cells showed greater maturation in the estradiol group than in the placebo group (P < .001) but less than typically observed with standard doses of estrogen. Conclusion: During 2 years of treatment with ultralow-dose unopposed estradiol, treatment and placebo groups had similar rates of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial proliferation, and vaginal bleeding. This therapy apparently causes little or no endometrial stimulation. Level of evidence: I.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Cutaneous ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estradiol/administration & dosage ; Estradiol/adverse effects ; Estradiol/blood ; Female ; Hot Flashes/prevention & control ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterus/drug effects ; Uterus/pathology ; Vagina/drug effects ; Vagina/pathology
Chemical Substances	Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207330-4
ISSN	1873-233X ; 0029-7844
ISSN (online)	1873-233X
ISSN	0029-7844
DOI	10.1097/01.AOG.0000157116.23249.52
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Article: Biotechnology and bioethics

Macer, Darryl R.J

Rehm, H.-J.; Reed, G., eds. Biotechnology: A Multi-Volume Comprehensive Treatise. Second Edition. Volume 12: Legal, Economic and Ethical Dimensions, edited by D. Brauer

what is ethical biotechnology?

1995

Author's details	Darryl R.J. Macer
MeSH term(s)	Genetic Engineering ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Public Opinion ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Altruism ; Animal Rights ; Beneficence ; Bioethics ; Biomedical Technology ; Community Participation ; Confidentiality ; Cultural Diversity ; Data Collection ; DNA, Recombinant ; Ecology ; Economics ; Ethical Review ; Ethics ; Eugenics ; Food ; Freedom ; Genetic Research ; Genetics ; Hazardous Substances ; Human Rights ; Industry ; Morals ; Ownership ; Patents as Topic ; Personal Autonomy ; Probability ; Social Change ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Justice ; Social Values ; Trust ; Uncertainty
Keywords	Japan ; New Zealand ; Biomedical and Behavioral Research ; Empirical Approach ; Genetics and Reproduction
Language	English
Size	p. 115-154
Publisher	VCH Publishers
Publishing place	New York, NY
Document type	Article
ISBN	3527283226 ; 9783527283224
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article ; Online: Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months.

Wing, Rena R / West, Delia Smith / Grady, Deborah / Creasman, Jennifer M / Richter, Holly E / Myers, Deborah / Burgio, Kathryn L / Franklin, Frank / Gorin, Amy A / Vittinghoff, Eric / Macer, Judith / Kusek, John W / Subak, Leslee L

The Journal of urology

2010 Volume 184, Issue 3, Page(s) 1005–1010

Abstract: Purpose: Initial weight loss improves urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. In this study we examined the longer term effects of a weight loss intervention on urinary incontinence.: Materials and methods: Overweight and obese women ( ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Initial weight loss improves urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. In this study we examined the longer term effects of a weight loss intervention on urinary incontinence. Materials and methods: Overweight and obese women (mean +/- SD age 53 +/- 10 years) with 10 or more urinary incontinence episodes weekly were randomized to an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention (226) or control group (112). Outcome measures were collected at 12 and 18 months. Results: At baseline women had a mean body mass index of 36 +/- 6 kg/m(2) and reported a mean of 24 +/- 18 incontinence episodes weekly. Of the patients 86% completed 18-month measurements. The percent weight loss in the intervention group averaged 8.0%, 7.5% and 5.5% at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively, vs approximately 1.5% in the control group (all values p <0.001). Compared with controls at 12 months the intervention group reported a greater percent reduction in weekly stress urinary incontinence episodes (65% vs 47%, p <0.001), and a greater proportion achieved at least a 70% decrease in weekly total and stress urinary incontinence episodes. At 18 months a greater proportion of women in the weight loss intervention group had more than 70% improvement in urge incontinence episodes but there were no significant differences between the groups for stress or total urinary incontinence. The intervention group also reported greater satisfaction with changes in urinary incontinence than the control group at 6, 12 and 18 months. Conclusions: Weight loss intervention reduced the frequency of stress incontinence episodes through 12 months and improved patient satisfaction with changes in incontinence through 18 months. Improving weight loss maintenance may provide longer term benefits for urinary incontinence.
MeSH term(s)	Behavior Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Overweight/complications ; Time Factors ; Urinary Incontinence/etiology ; Urinary Incontinence/therapy ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3176-8
ISSN	1527-3792 ; 0022-5347
ISSN (online)	1527-3792
ISSN	0022-5347
DOI	10.1016/j.juro.2010.05.031
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Article: Visualization of the intact endoplasmic reticulum by immunofluorescence with antibodies to the major ER glycoprotein, endoplasmin.

Koch, G L / Macer, D R / Smith, M J

Journal of cell science

1987 Volume 87 Pt 4, Page(s) 535–542

Abstract: Antibodies to endoplasmin were used to examine the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by immunofluorescence on permeabilized plasmacytoma and fibroblastoid cells. In unfixed cells, permeabilization led to a pronounced vesiculation of the ER. ... ...

Abstract	Antibodies to endoplasmin were used to examine the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by immunofluorescence on permeabilized plasmacytoma and fibroblastoid cells. In unfixed cells, permeabilization led to a pronounced vesiculation of the ER. Therefore cells were first fixed lightly prior to permeabilization with detergent. Fibroblastoid cells gave a characteristic reticular pattern surrounding the nucleus with clear staining of the nuclear membrane. Plasmacytoma cells, in the conventional fluorescence microscope, gave a cisternae-like pattern. Optical sectioning with a confocal scanning laser microscope gave a distinct pattern of concentric cisternae similar to those obtained with transmission electron microscopy on cell sections. The overall morphology of the ER in such cells could be revealed by serial optical sectioning. Evidence was obtained that the ER does not undergo extensive vesiculation during mitosis in plasmacytoma cells. Using anti-endoplasmin immunofluorescence monitoring, conditions were developed for the retention of ER morphology in unfixed, permeabilized cells. These studies illustrate the value of endoplasmin as a general marker for the analysis of ER morphology in different types of cells by immunofluorescence microscopy.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Lasers ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Saponins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Saponins ; endoplasmin
Language	English
Publishing date	1987-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2993-2
ISSN	1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
ISSN (online)	1477-9137
ISSN	0021-9533
DOI	10.1242/jcs.87.4.535
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Article ; Online: Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss.

Wing, Rena R / Creasman, Jennifer M / West, Delia Smith / Richter, Holly E / Myers, Deborah / Burgio, Kathryn L / Franklin, Frank / Gorin, Amy A / Vittinghoff, Eric / Macer, Judith / Kusek, John W / Subak, Leslee L

Obstetrics and gynecology

2010 Volume 116, Issue 2 Pt 1, Page(s) 284–292

Abstract: Objective: To examine the relationship between magnitude of weight loss and changes in urinary incontinence frequency.: Methods: Overweight and obese women (N=338) with 10 or more urinary incontinence episodes per week were assigned randomly to an ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine the relationship between magnitude of weight loss and changes in urinary incontinence frequency. Methods: Overweight and obese women (N=338) with 10 or more urinary incontinence episodes per week were assigned randomly to an intensive 6-month behavioral weight loss program followed immediately by a 12-month weight maintenance program (intervention; n=226) or to a structured education program (control; n=112). The intervention and control groups were combined to examine the effects of the magnitude of weight loss on changes in urinary incontinence assessed by 7-day voiding diary, pad test, and self-reported satisfaction with change in urinary incontinence. Results: Compared with participants who gained weight (reference), those who lost 5% to less than 10% or 10% or more of their body weight had significantly greater percent reductions in urinary incontinence episodes and were more likely to achieve at least a 70% reduction in the frequency of total and urge urinary incontinence episodes at 6, 12, and 18 months. Satisfaction was also related to magnitude of weight loss; approximately 75% of women who lost 5% to less than 10% of their body weight reported being moderately or very satisfied with their changes in urine leakage. Conclusion: Weight losses between 5% and 10% of body weight were sufficient for significant urinary incontinence benefits. Thus, weight loss should be considered as initial treatment for incontinence in overweight and obese women. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00091988. Level of evidence: II.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Diet, Reducing ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/therapy ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence/therapy ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207330-4
ISSN	1873-233X ; 0029-7844
ISSN (online)	1873-233X
ISSN	0029-7844
DOI	10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e8fb60
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Article: The effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.

Waetjen, L Elaine / Brown, Jeanette S / Vittinghoff, Eric / Ensrud, Kristine E / Pinkerton, JoAnn / Wallace, Robert / Macer, Judith L / Grady, Deborah

Obstetrics and gynecology

2005 Volume 106, Issue 5 Pt 1, Page(s) 946–952

Abstract: ... ultralow-dose (0.014 mg/d) transdermal E2 for prevention of osteoporosis in 417 postmenopausal women aged ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate the effect of 2 years of treatment with ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol (E2) on incontinence in postmenopausal women. Methods: Ultra Low Dose Transdermal estRogen Assessment (ULTRA) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of unopposed ultralow-dose (0.014 mg/d) transdermal E2 for prevention of osteoporosis in 417 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 80 years. Frequency of incontinence episodes was assessed at baseline and after 4 months and 2 years of treatment using a self-reported questionnaire. We used an intention-to-treat analysis to compare change in incontinence frequency, improved (decreased 2 or more episodes per week), unchanged (increased or decreased no more than 1 episode per week), or worsened (increased 2 or more episodes per week) between the E2 and placebo groups among women with and without at least weekly incontinence at baseline. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of at least weekly incontinence was similar between E2 and placebo groups (43%). After 2 years, there was no difference between groups in the proportions of women with incontinence at baseline whose incontinence improved, worsened, or was unchanged. The odds ratio for worsening incontinence in the E2 compared with placebo group was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 0.75-2.42. In women without incontinence at baseline, the odds of developing at least weekly incontinence after 2 years in the E2 compared with placebo group was not significant (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.7-2.2). Conclusion: Two years of treatment with unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal E2 did not substantially change the frequency of incontinence symptoms or alter the risk of developing at least weekly incontinence. Level of evidence: I.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Cutaneous ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estradiol/administration & dosage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure ; Urinary Incontinence/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	207330-4
ISSN	1873-233X ; 0029-7844
ISSN (online)	1873-233X
ISSN	0029-7844
DOI	10.1097/01.AOG.0000182576.48290.6d
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