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  1. Article ; Online: A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Viruses Replicating in Ferret Upper or Lower Respiratory Tract Differed in Onward Transmission Potential by Air.

    Xie, Chenyi / Su, Wen / Sia, Sin Fun / Choy, Ka-Tim / Morrell, Steven / Zhou, Jie / Peiris, Malik / Bloom, Jesse D / Yen, Hui-Ling

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 225, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–74

    Abstract: Background: A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses replicate efficiently in respiratory epithelia and are transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosols expelled by infected hosts. The relative onward transmission potential of influenza viruses replicating ... ...

    Abstract Background: A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses replicate efficiently in respiratory epithelia and are transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosols expelled by infected hosts. The relative onward transmission potential of influenza viruses replicating in the upper and lower respiratory epithelial cells has not been fully defined.
    Methods: Wild-type and barcoded A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that differed by 2 synonymous mutations per gene segment were inoculated into ferrets via intranasal and intratracheal routes. Naive recipients were exposed to the exhaled breath of inoculated donors for 8 hours on day 2 postinoculation. Onward transmission potential of wild-type and barcoded genotypes were monitored by next generation sequencing.
    Results: Transmissible airborne particles were respired from the upper but not the lower respiratory epithelial cells of donor ferrets. There was limited mixing of viral populations replicating in the upper and lower respiratory tissues.
    Conclusions: The ferret upper respiratory epithelium was mapped as the anatomic site that generated influenza virus-laden particles mediating onward transmission by air. Our results suggest that vaccines and antivirals should aim to reduce viral loads in the upper respiratory tract for prevention of influenza transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ferrets/virology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ; Respiratory System ; Viral Tropism ; Virus Replication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiab286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters and B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J transgenic mice

    Yen, Hui-Ling / Valkenburg, Sophie / Sia, Sin Fun / Choy, Ka Tim / Peiris, J. S. Malik / Wong, Karen H. M. / Crossland, Nicholas / Douam, Florian / Nicholls, John M.

    Veterinary pathology. 2022 July, v. 59, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate vaccines and therapeutic agents for this emerging disease. Similar to infection with SARS-CoV-1, infection of Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

    Abstract Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate vaccines and therapeutic agents for this emerging disease. Similar to infection with SARS-CoV-1, infection of Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 results in moderate respiratory disease involving the airways and lung parenchyma but does not lead to increased mortality. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, we showed that the epithelium of the conducting airways of hamsters was the primary target for viral infection within the first 5 days of infection, with little evidence of productive infection of pneumocytes. At 6 days postinfection, antigen was cleared but parenchymal damage persisted, and the major pathological changes resolved by day 14. These findings are similar to those previously reported for hamsters with SARS-CoV-1 infection. In contrast, infection of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice resulted in pneumocyte damage, with viral particles and replication complexes in both type I and type II pneumocytes together with the presence of convoluted or cubic membranes; however, there was no evidence of virus replication in the conducting airways. The Syrian hamster is a useful model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and vaccination strategies, whereas infection of the K18-hCE2 transgenic mouse results in lethal disease with fatal neuroinvasion but with sparing of conducting airways.
    Keywords Mesocricetus auratus ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; animal pathology ; antigens ; epithelium ; immunohistochemistry ; mice ; mortality ; parenchyma (animal tissue) ; pathophysiology ; pneumocytes ; respiratory tract diseases ; transmission electron microscopy ; vaccination ; virus replication
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Size p. 639-647.
    Publishing place SAGE Publications
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 188012-3
    ISSN 1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
    ISSN (online) 1544-2217
    ISSN 0300-9858
    DOI 10.1177/03009858211043084
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Reduced Pathogenicity and Transmission Potential of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Sublineages Compared with the Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 D614G Variant in Syrian Hamsters.

    Su, Wen / Choy, Ka Tim / Gu, Haogao / Sia, Sin Fun / Cheng, Ka Man / Nizami, Sarea Islam Nuha / Krishnan, Pavithra / Ng, Yuet Mai / Chang, Lydia Dai Jia / Liu, Yingzhi / Cheng, Samuel M S / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M / Nicholls, John M / Yen, Hui-Ling

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 227, Issue 10, Page(s) 1143–1152

    Abstract: Background: The epidemiological advantage of Omicron variant is evidenced by its rapid spread and the ability to outcompete prior variants. Among Omicron sublineages, early outbreaks were dominated by BA.1, while BA.2 has gained dominance since February ...

    Abstract Background: The epidemiological advantage of Omicron variant is evidenced by its rapid spread and the ability to outcompete prior variants. Among Omicron sublineages, early outbreaks were dominated by BA.1, while BA.2 has gained dominance since February 2022. The relative pathogenicity and transmissibility of BA.1 and BA.2 have not been fully defined.
    Methods: We compared viral loads and clinical signs in Syrian hamsters after infection with BA.1, BA.2, or D614G variant. A competitive transmission model and next-generation sequencing were used to compare the relative transmission potential of BA.1 and BA.2.
    Results: BA.1 and BA.2 caused no apparent clinical signs, while D614G caused more than 10% weight loss. Higher viral loads were detected in nasal wash samples and nasal turbinate and lung tissues from BA.1-inoculated hamsters compared with BA.2-inoculated hamsters. No aerosol transmission was observed for BA.1 or BA.2 under the experimental condition in which D614G transmitted efficiently. BA.1 and BA.2 were able to transmit among hamsters via direct contact; however, BA.1 transmitted more efficiently than BA.2 under the competitive transmission model. No recombination was detected from direct contacts exposed simultaneously to BA.1 and BA.2.
    Conclusions: Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 demonstrated attenuated pathogenicity and reduced transmission potential in hamsters compared with early SARS-CoV-2 strains.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Virulence ; COVID-19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiac276
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Limited onward transmission potential of reassortment genotypes from chickens co-infected with H9N2 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses.

    Su, Wen / Sia, Sin Fun / Choy, Ka-Tim / Ji, Yue / Chen, Dongdong / Lau, Eric Ho Yin / Fu, Guanghua / Huang, Yu / Liu, Jinhua / Peiris, Malik / Pu, Juan / Yen, Hui-Ling

    Emerging microbes & infections

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 2030–2041

    Abstract: The segmented genome of influenza A virus has conferred significant evolutionary advantages to this virus through genetic reassortment, a mechanism that facilitates the rapid expansion of viral genetic diversity upon influenza co-infections. Therefore, ... ...

    Abstract The segmented genome of influenza A virus has conferred significant evolutionary advantages to this virus through genetic reassortment, a mechanism that facilitates the rapid expansion of viral genetic diversity upon influenza co-infections. Therefore, co-infection of genetically diverse avian influenza viruses in poultry may pose a significant public health risk in generating novel reassortants with increased zoonotic potential. This study investigated the reassortment patterns of a Pearl River Delta-lineage avian influenza A(H7N9) virus and four genetically divergent avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses upon co-infection in embryonated chicken eggs and chickens. To characterize "within-host" and "between-host" genetic diversity, we further monitored the viral genotypes that were subsequently transmitted to contact chickens in serial transmission experiments. We observed that co-infection with A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) viruses may lead to the emergence of novel reassortant viruses
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Coinfection/transmission ; Coinfection/virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/physiology ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/physiology ; Influenza in Birds/transmission ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases/transmission ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Viral Zoonoses/transmission ; Viral Zoonoses/virology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2681359-2
    ISSN 2222-1751 ; 2222-1751
    ISSN (online) 2222-1751
    ISSN 2222-1751
    DOI 10.1080/22221751.2021.1996209
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters and B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J transgenic mice.

    Yen, Hui-Ling / Valkenburg, Sophie / Sia, Sin Fun / Choy, Ka Tim / Peiris, J S Malik / Wong, Karen H M / Crossland, Nicholas / Douam, Florian / Nicholls, John M

    Veterinary pathology

    2021  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 639–647

    Abstract: Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate vaccines and therapeutic agents for this emerging disease. Similar to infection with SARS-CoV-1, infection of Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

    Abstract Several animal models have been developed to study the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate vaccines and therapeutic agents for this emerging disease. Similar to infection with SARS-CoV-1, infection of Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 results in moderate respiratory disease involving the airways and lung parenchyma but does not lead to increased mortality. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, we showed that the epithelium of the conducting airways of hamsters was the primary target for viral infection within the first 5 days of infection, with little evidence of productive infection of pneumocytes. At 6 days postinfection, antigen was cleared but parenchymal damage persisted, and the major pathological changes resolved by day 14. These findings are similar to those previously reported for hamsters with SARS-CoV-1 infection. In contrast, infection of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice resulted in pneumocyte damage, with viral particles and replication complexes in both type I and type II pneumocytes together with the presence of convoluted or cubic membranes; however, there was no evidence of virus replication in the conducting airways. The Syrian hamster is a useful model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and vaccination strategies, whereas infection of the K18-hCE2 transgenic mouse results in lethal disease with fatal neuroinvasion but with sparing of conducting airways.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; COVID-19/virology ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung/pathology ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Respiratory System/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Viral Tropism
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 188012-3
    ISSN 1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
    ISSN (online) 1544-2217
    ISSN 0300-9858
    DOI 10.1177/03009858211043084
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Avian influenza virus directly infects human natural killer cells and inhibits cell activity.

    Mao, Huawei / Liu, Yinping / Sia, Sin Fun / Peiris, J S Malik / Lau, Yu-Lung / Tu, Wenwei

    Virologica Sinica

    2017  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 122–129

    Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cell is a key component of innate immunity and plays an important role in host defense against virus infection by directly destroying infected cells. Influenza is a respiratory disease transmitted in the early phase of virus infection. ...

    Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell is a key component of innate immunity and plays an important role in host defense against virus infection by directly destroying infected cells. Influenza is a respiratory disease transmitted in the early phase of virus infection. Evasion of host innate immunity including NK cells is critical for the virus to expand and establish a successful acute infection. Previously, we showed that human influenza H1N1 virus infects NK cells and induces cell apoptosis, as well as inhibits NK cell activity. In this study, we further demonstrated that avian influenza virus also directly targeted NK cells as an immunoevasion strategy. The avian virus infected human NK cells and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, avian influenza virion and HA protein inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity. This novel strategy has obvious advantages for avian influenza virus, allowing the virus sufficient time to expand and subsequent spread before the onset of the specific immune response. Our findings provide an important clue for the immunopathogenesis of avian influenza, and also suggest that direct targeting NK cells may be a common strategy used by both human and avian influenza viruses to evade NK cell immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/physiology ; Killer Cells, Natural/virology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-23
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1011219-4
    ISSN 1995-820X ; 1000-3223 ; 1003-5125
    ISSN (online) 1995-820X
    ISSN 1000-3223 ; 1003-5125
    DOI 10.1007/s12250-016-3918-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters.

    Sia, Sin Fun / Yan, Li-Meng / Chin, Alex W H / Fung, Kevin / Choy, Ka-Tim / Wong, Alvina Y L / Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Poon, Leo L M / Nicholls, John M / Peiris, Malik / Yen, Hui-Ling

    Nature

    2020  Volume 583, Issue 7818, Page(s) 834–838

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and to SARS-related coronaviruses that have been detected in horseshoe bats, has spread across the world and had a global effect ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and to SARS-related coronaviruses that have been detected in horseshoe bats, has spread across the world and had a global effect on healthcare systems and economies
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells/virology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification ; Antigens, Viral/metabolism ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/metabolism ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; Bronchi/pathology ; Bronchi/virology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Duodenum/virology ; Fomites/virology ; Housing, Animal ; Kidney/virology ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Mesocricetus/immunology ; Mesocricetus/virology ; Nasal Mucosa/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Load ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; RNA, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2342-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.

    Choy, Ka-Tim / Wong, Alvina Yin-Lam / Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn / Sia, Sin Fun / Chen, Dongdong / Hui, Kenrie Pui Yan / Chu, Daniel Ka Wing / Chan, Michael Chi Wai / Cheung, Peter Pak-Hang / Huang, Xuhui / Peiris, Malik / Yen, Hui-Ling

    Antiviral research

    2020  Volume 178, Page(s) 104786

    Abstract: An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus ... ...

    Abstract An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15 μM, 26.63 μM, 2.55 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100 μM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25 μM in combination with emetine at 0.195 μM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Alanine/analogs & derivatives ; Amides/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Drug Combinations ; Emetine/pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; Homoharringtonine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lopinavir/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Pyrazines/pharmacology ; Ribavirin/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Amides ; Antimetabolites ; Antiviral Agents ; Drug Combinations ; Pyrazines ; Lopinavir (2494G1JF75) ; remdesivir (3QKI37EEHE) ; Adenosine Monophosphate (415SHH325A) ; Ribavirin (49717AWG6K) ; Homoharringtonine (6FG8041S5B) ; favipiravir (EW5GL2X7E0) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX) ; Emetine (X8D5EPO80M)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 306628-9
    ISSN 1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
    ISSN (online) 1872-9096
    ISSN 0166-3542
    DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104786
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro

    Choy, Ka-Tim / Wong, Alvina Yin-Lam / Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn / Sia, Sin Fun / Chen, Dongdong / Hui, Kenrie Pui Yan / Chu, Daniel Ka Wing / Chan, Michael Chi Wai / Cheung, Peter Pak-Hang / Huang, Xuhui / Peiris, Malik / Yen, Hui-Ling

    Antiviral Research

    2020  Volume 178, Page(s) 104786

    Keywords Pharmacology ; Virology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 306628-9
    ISSN 1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
    ISSN (online) 1872-9096
    ISSN 0166-3542
    DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104786
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters

    Sia, Sin Fun / Yan, Li-Meng / Chin, Alex W. H. / Fung, Kevin / Choy, Ka-Tim / Wong, Alvina Y. L. / Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn / Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M. / Poon, Leo L. M. / Nicholls, John M. / Peiris, Malik / Yen, Hui-Ling

    Nature

    2020  Volume 583, Issue 7818, Page(s) 834–838

    Keywords Multidisciplinary ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2342-5
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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