Article ; Online: Pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDS: implications for an ageing population.
The European respiratory journal
2020 Volume 56, Issue 3
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective ... ...
Abstract | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. Similar to influenza, advanced age has emerged as the leading host risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. Finally, we explore hallmarks of ageing that could explain the association between advanced age and susceptibility to severe COVID-19. |
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MeSH term(s) | Aging/physiology ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Replication |
Keywords | covid19 |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2020-09-24 |
Publishing country | England |
Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review |
ZDB-ID | 639359-7 |
ISSN | 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936 |
ISSN (online) | 1399-3003 |
ISSN | 0903-1936 |
DOI | 10.1183/13993003.02049-2020 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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