Article ; Online: Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Sweden: incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival.
2023 Volume 143, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–242
Abstract: Abstract: We evaluated malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (mal-HLH) in Sweden regarding population-based incidence, clinical features, and survival. From 1997 to 2018, we identified 307 adults (≥18 years old) and 9 children (209 ... ...
Abstract | Abstract: We evaluated malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (mal-HLH) in Sweden regarding population-based incidence, clinical features, and survival. From 1997 to 2018, we identified 307 adults (≥18 years old) and 9 children (209 males, 107 females; P < .001) with both an HLH-related diagnosis and malignant disease, corresponding to 0.19 per 100 000 adults annually (0.15/100 000 for the entire population), increasing from 0.026 (1997-2007) to 0.34 (2008-2018) (P < .001). In the latest 7-year period (2012-2018), the annual incidence was 0.45 per 100 000 adults (n = 246). This incidence varied between the 6 health care regions in Sweden, from 0.18 to 0.71 (Region Stockholm) per 100 000 adults annually (P < .001), likely due to variable awareness. Mal-HLH was reported in 0.6% of all hematological malignancies, with the highest proportion (2.5%) in young males. Among the 316 patients, the 1-month probability of survival, likely representing the HLH episode, increased significantly from 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40-63) (1997-2007) to 71% (95% CI, 65-76) (2008-2018), whereas 2-year survival remained poor (25%; 95% CI, 20-30). Altogether, 52% were lymphomas, 29% leukemias, 8% other hematological malignancies, and 11% solid tumors. Males were more affected than females by mal-HLH, also taking the over-representation of males with hematological malignancies into account (P = .0012). Validation by medical-file reviews revealed 13% over-reporting of HLH. We conclude that the annual mal-HLH incidence has increased 10-fold and was at least 0.71 per 100 000 adults from 2012 to 2018, that is, 0.62 per 100 000 adults considering 13% estimated HLH over-reporting, and that early survival improved significantly, likely due to increased awareness and more HLH-directed therapy. |
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MeSH term(s) | Adult ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Neoplasms/complications ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications ; Hematologic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-08-17 |
Publishing country | United States |
Document type | Journal Article |
ZDB-ID | 80069-7 |
ISSN | 1528-0020 ; 0006-4971 |
ISSN (online) | 1528-0020 |
ISSN | 0006-4971 |
DOI | 10.1182/blood.2023020715 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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