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  1. Article ; Online: Nitrogen addition, not heterogeneity, alters the relationship between invasion and native decline in California grasslands.

    Questad, Erin J / Fitch, Robert L / Paolini, Joshua / Hernández, Eliza / Suding, Katharine N

    Oecologia

    2021  Volume 197, Issue 3, Page(s) 651–660

    Abstract: The presence of invasive species reduces the growth and performance of native species; however, the linear or non-linear relationships between invasive abundance and native population declines are less often studied. We examine how the amount and spatial ...

    Abstract The presence of invasive species reduces the growth and performance of native species; however, the linear or non-linear relationships between invasive abundance and native population declines are less often studied. We examine how the amount and spatial distribution of experimental N deposition influences the relationship between non-native, invasive annual grass abundance (Bromus hordeaceus and Bromus diandrus) and a dominant, native perennial grass species (Stipa pulchra) in California. We hypothesized that native populations would decline as invasion increased, and that high nitrogen availability would cause native species to decline at lower invasion levels. We predicted that the rate of population decline would be slower in heterogeneous, compared to homogeneous, environments. We employed a field experiment that manipulated the amount and spatial heterogeneity of N addition across a range of invasive/native-dominated communities. There were strong negative and non-linear associations between level of invasion and S. pulchra proportional change (PC). Stipa pulchra PC was more negative and seedling survival was lower when N was added, and the negative effects of N addition on PC became larger in the final year of the study when S. pulchra had the largest declines. There was not strong evidence showing reduced competition in heterogeneous, compared to homogeneous, N treatments. Soil moisture was similar between S. pulchra and B. hordeaceus plots under ambient N, but B. hordeaceus under added N reduced soil moisture. Under N addition, Bromus spp. take up N earlier, reduce soil moisture, and create dry conditions in which S. pulchra declines.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bromus ; California ; Grassland ; Nitrogen ; Poaceae ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-021-05049-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: L-Arabinose Transport and Metabolism in

    Vasicek, Erin M / O'Neal, Lindsey / Parsek, Matthew R / Fitch, James / White, Peter / Gunn, John S

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2021  Volume 11, Page(s) 698146

    Abstract: L-arabinose inducible promoters are commonly used in gene expression analysis. However, nutrient source and availability also play a role in biofilm formation; therefore, L-arabinose metabolism could impact biofilm development. In this study we examined ... ...

    Abstract L-arabinose inducible promoters are commonly used in gene expression analysis. However, nutrient source and availability also play a role in biofilm formation; therefore, L-arabinose metabolism could impact biofilm development. In this study we examined the impact of L-arabinose on
    MeSH term(s) Arabinose/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms ; Cyclic GMP ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Plasmids ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Arabinose (B40ROO395Z) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698146
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  3. Article: Nitrogen addition, not heterogeneity, alters the relationship between invasion and native decline in California grasslands

    Questad, Erin J. / Fitch, Robert L. / Paolini, Joshua / Hernández, Eliza / Suding, Katharine N.

    Oecologia. 2021 Nov., v. 197, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: The presence of invasive species reduces the growth and performance of native species; however, the linear or non-linear relationships between invasive abundance and native population declines are less often studied. We examine how the amount and spatial ...

    Abstract The presence of invasive species reduces the growth and performance of native species; however, the linear or non-linear relationships between invasive abundance and native population declines are less often studied. We examine how the amount and spatial distribution of experimental N deposition influences the relationship between non-native, invasive annual grass abundance (Bromus hordeaceus and Bromus diandrus) and a dominant, native perennial grass species (Stipa pulchra) in California. We hypothesized that native populations would decline as invasion increased, and that high nitrogen availability would cause native species to decline at lower invasion levels. We predicted that the rate of population decline would be slower in heterogeneous, compared to homogeneous, environments. We employed a field experiment that manipulated the amount and spatial heterogeneity of N addition across a range of invasive/native-dominated communities. There were strong negative and non-linear associations between level of invasion and S. pulchra proportional change (PC). Stipa pulchra PC was more negative and seedling survival was lower when N was added, and the negative effects of N addition on PC became larger in the final year of the study when S. pulchra had the largest declines. There was not strong evidence showing reduced competition in heterogeneous, compared to homogeneous, N treatments. Soil moisture was similar between S. pulchra and B. hordeaceus plots under ambient N, but B. hordeaceus under added N reduced soil moisture. Under N addition, Bromus spp. take up N earlier, reduce soil moisture, and create dry conditions in which S. pulchra declines.
    Keywords Bromus diandrus ; Bromus hordeaceus ; Nassella pulchra ; decline ; field experimentation ; indigenous species ; invasive species ; nitrogen ; perennial grasses ; population dynamics ; seedlings ; soil water ; spatial variation ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Size p. 651-660.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-021-05049-9
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  4. Article: Temporal and spatial climatic controls on Holocene fire-related erosion and sedimentation, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico

    Fitch, Erin P / Grant A. Meyer

    University of Washington Quaternary Research. 2016 Jan., v. 85

    2016  

    Abstract: In the Jemez Mountains, tree-ring data indicate that low-severity fires characterized the 400yr before Euro-American settlement, and that subsequent fire suppression promoted denser forests, recent severe fires, and erosion. Over longer timescales, ... ...

    Abstract In the Jemez Mountains, tree-ring data indicate that low-severity fires characterized the 400yr before Euro-American settlement, and that subsequent fire suppression promoted denser forests, recent severe fires, and erosion. Over longer timescales, climate change may alter fire regimes; thus, we used fire-related alluvial deposits to assess the timing of moderate- to high-severity fires, their geomorphic impact, and relation to climate over the last 4000yr. Fire-related sedimentation does not clearly follow millennial-scale climatic changes, but probability peaks commonly correspond with severe drought, e.g., within the interval 1700–1400calyr BP, and ca. 650 and ca. 410calyr BP. The latter episodes were preceded by prolonged wet intervals that could promote dense stands. Estimated recurrence intervals for fire-related sedimentation are 250–400yr. Climatic differences with aspect influenced Holocene post-fire response: fire-related deposits constitute 77% of fan sediments from north-facing basins but only 39% of deposits from drier southerly aspects. With sparser vegetation and exposed bedrock, south aspects can generate runoff and sediment when unburned, whereas soil-mantled north aspects produce minor sediment unless severely burned. Recent channel incision appears unprecedented over the last 2300yr, suggesting that fuel loading and extreme drought produced an anomalously severe burn in 2002.
    Keywords alluvium ; basins ; bedrock ; climate ; climate change ; drought ; fire regime ; fire suppression ; fires ; forests ; fuel loading ; growth rings ; mountains ; probability ; runoff ; New Mexico
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-01
    Size p. 75-86.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205711-6
    ISSN 0033-5894
    ISSN 0033-5894
    DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2015.11.008
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Rootless tephra stratigraphy and emplacement processes.

    Hamilton, Christopher W / Fitch, Erin P / Fagents, Sarah A / Thordarson, Thorvaldur

    Bulletin of volcanology

    2017  Volume 79, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

    Abstract: Volcanic rootless cones are the products of thermohydraulic explosions involving rapid heat transfer from active lava (fuel) to external sources of water (coolant). Rootless eruptions are attributed to molten fuel-coolant interactions (MFCIs), but ... ...

    Abstract Volcanic rootless cones are the products of thermohydraulic explosions involving rapid heat transfer from active lava (fuel) to external sources of water (coolant). Rootless eruptions are attributed to molten fuel-coolant interactions (MFCIs), but previous studies have not performed systematic investigations of rootless tephrostratigraphy and grain-size distributions to establish a baseline for evaluating relationships between environmental factors, MFCI efficiency, fragmentation, and patterns of tephra dispersal. This study examines a 13.55-m-thick vertical section through an archetypal rootless tephra sequence, which includes a rhythmic succession of 28 bed pairs. Each bed pair is interpreted to be the result of a discrete explosion cycle, with fine-grained basal material emplaced dominantly as tephra fall during an energetic opening phase, followed by the deposition of coarser-grained material mainly as ballistic ejecta during a weaker coda phase. Nine additional layers are interleaved throughout the stratigraphy and are interpreted to be dilute pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits. Overall, the stratigraphy divides into four units: unit 1 contains the largest number of sediment-rich PDC deposits, units 2 and 3 are dominated by a rhythmic succession of bed pairs, and unit 4 includes welded layers. This pattern is consistent with a general decrease in MFCI efficiency due to the depletion of locally available coolant (i.e., groundwater or wet sediments). Changing conduit/vent geometries, mixing conditions, coolant and melt temperatures, and/or coolant impurities may also have affected MFCI efficiency, but the rhythmic nature of the bed pairs implies a periodic explosion process, which can be explained by temporary increases in the water-to-lava mass ratio during cycles of groundwater recharge.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1458483-9
    ISSN 1432-0819 ; 0258-8900
    ISSN (online) 1432-0819
    ISSN 0258-8900
    DOI 10.1007/s00445-016-1086-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Baseline Sequencing Surveillance of Public Clinical Testing, Hospitals, and Community Wastewater Reveals Rapid Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern in Arizona, USA.

    Smith, Matthew F / Holland, Steven C / Lee, Mihyun B / Hu, James C / Pham, Nghia C / Sullins, Regan A / Holland, LaRinda A / Mu, Tianchen / Thomas, Alexis W / Fitch, Remington / Driver, Erin M / Halden, Rolf U / Villegas-Gold, Michelle / Sanders, Sheri / Krauss, Jennifer L / Nordstrom, Lora / Mulrow, Mary / White, Michael / Murugan, Vel /
    Lim, Efrem S

    mBio

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e0310122

    Abstract: The adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants is driven by selection for increased viral fitness in transmissibility and immune evasion. Understanding the dynamics of how an emergent variant sweeps across populations can better inform public health ... ...

    Abstract The adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants is driven by selection for increased viral fitness in transmissibility and immune evasion. Understanding the dynamics of how an emergent variant sweeps across populations can better inform public health response preparedness for future variants. Here, we investigated the state-level genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 through baseline genomic sequencing surveillance of 27,071 public testing specimens and 1,125 hospital inpatient specimens diagnosed between November 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022, in Arizona. We found that the Omicron variant rapidly displaced Delta variant in December 2021, leading to an "Omicron surge" of COVID-19 cases in early 2022. Wastewater sequencing surveillance of 370 samples supported the synchronous sweep of Omicron in the community. Hospital inpatient COVID-19 cases of Omicron variant presented to three major hospitals 10.51 days after its detection from public clinical testing. Nonsynonymous mutations in nsp3, nsp12, and nsp13 genes were significantly associated with Omicron hospital cases compared to community cases. To model SARS-CoV-2 transmissions across the state population, we developed a scalable sequence network methodology and showed that the Omicron variant spread through intracounty and intercounty transmissions. Finally, we demonstrated that the temporal emergence of Omicron BA.1 to become the dominant variant (17.02 days) was 2.3 times faster than the prior Delta variant (40.70 days) or subsequent Omicron sublineages BA.2 (39.65 days) and BA.5 (35.38 days). Our results demonstrate the uniquely rapid sweep of Omicron BA.1. These findings highlight how integrated public health surveillance can be used to enhance preparedness and response to future variants.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Arizona/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Wastewater ; Hospitals ; COVID-19 Testing
    Chemical Substances Wastewater
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2557172-2
    ISSN 2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
    ISSN (online) 2150-7511
    ISSN 2161-2129
    DOI 10.1128/mbio.03101-22
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  7. Article: Resource Availability, Propagule Supply, and Effect of Nonnative Ungulate Herbivores on Senecio madagascariensis Invasion1

    Questad, Erin J / Amanda Uowolo / Robert Fitch / Sam Brooks / Susan Cordell

    Pacific science. 2018 Jan., v. 72, no. 1

    2018  

    Abstract: Nonnative invasive herbivores can create complex biotic interactions by differentially feeding on native and nonnative invasive plant species. The herbivores may act as enemies of nonnative plants and prevent them from becoming invasive, or they may ... ...

    Abstract Nonnative invasive herbivores can create complex biotic interactions by differentially feeding on native and nonnative invasive plant species. The herbivores may act as enemies of nonnative plants and prevent them from becoming invasive, or they may facilitate invasion by having a greater negative impact on native plants compared with nonnative plants. It is also possible that within the same ecosystem nonnative herbivores could either facilitate or inhibit invasion under different abiotic or biotic conditions. In this study we experimentally investigated how abiotic (soil nutrients) and biotic (propagule density) conditions influence the effect of invasive generalist herbivores on Senecio madagascariensis, an invasive plant species in Hawaiian dry forest plant communities. We used fenced exclosures to manipulate presence or absence of invasive ungulates (feral goats and sheep), and we used seed addition to manipulate propagule supply of S. madagascariensis. The experiment was replicated in a recently burned and an unburned site to examine how a resource pulse following fire may alter plant-herbivore interactions. There were very few seeds of S. madagascariensis in the seed rain of both sites, and recruitment was four times higher when seeds were experimentally added, suggesting that S. madagascariensis is dispersal limited in this area. Recruitment of S. madagascariensis was five times higher in the burned site compared to the unburned site, suggesting that increased resources promote recruitment. Recruitment was three times higher when herbivores were present compared to when they were excluded, but plants were much smaller when herbivores were present. We conclude that herbivores can alter S. madagascariensis recruitment, even during dry conditions, and that propagule availability influences where S. madagascariensis can become established.
    Keywords dry forests ; ecosystems ; feral animals ; goats ; herbivores ; indigenous species ; introduced plants ; invasive species ; plant communities ; seed dispersal ; seeds ; Senecio madagascariensis ; sheep ; soil nutrients
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-01
    Size p. 69-79.
    Publishing place University of Hawai'i Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2053522-3
    ISSN 1534-6188 ; 0030-8870
    ISSN (online) 1534-6188
    ISSN 0030-8870
    DOI 10.2984/72.1.5
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  8. Article ; Online: PTEN somatic mutations contribute to spectrum of cerebral overgrowth.

    Koboldt, Daniel C / Miller, Katherine E / Miller, Anthony R / Bush, Jocelyn M / McGrath, Sean / Leraas, Kristen / Crist, Erin / Fair, Summer / Schwind, Wesley / Wijeratne, Saranga / Fitch, James / Leonard, Jeffrey / Shaikhouni, Ammar / Hester, Mark E / Magrini, Vincent / Ho, Mai-Lan / Pierson, Christopher R / Wilson, Richard K / Ostendorf, Adam P /
    Mardis, Elaine R / Bedrosian, Tracy A

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2021  Volume 144, Issue 10, Page(s) 2971–2978

    Abstract: Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) regulates cell growth and survival through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) signalling pathway. Germline genetic variation of PTEN is associated with autism, macrocephaly and PTEN hamartoma ... ...

    Abstract Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) regulates cell growth and survival through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) signalling pathway. Germline genetic variation of PTEN is associated with autism, macrocephaly and PTEN hamartoma tumour syndromes. The effect of developmental PTEN somatic mutations on nervous system phenotypes is not well understood, although brain somatic mosaicism of MTOR pathway genes is an emerging cause of cortical dysplasia and epilepsy in the paediatric population. Here we report two somatic variants of PTEN affecting a single patient presenting with intractable epilepsy and hemimegalencephaly that varied in clinical severity throughout the left cerebral hemisphere. High-throughput sequencing analysis of affected brain tissue identified two somatic variants in PTEN. The first variant was present in multiple cell lineages throughout the entire hemisphere and associated with mild cerebral overgrowth. The second variant was restricted to posterior brain regions and affected the opposite PTEN allele, resulting in a segmental region of more severe malformation, and the only neurons in which it was found by single-nuclei RNA-sequencing had a unique disease-related expression profile. This study reveals brain mosaicism of PTEN as a disease mechanism of hemimegalencephaly and furthermore demonstrates the varying effects of single- or bi-allelic disruption of PTEN on cortical phenotypes.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/surgery ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Hemimegalencephaly/diagnostic imaging ; Hemimegalencephaly/genetics ; Hemimegalencephaly/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
    Chemical Substances PTEN Phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.67) ; PTEN protein, human (EC 3.1.3.67)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awab173
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  9. Article: Fat facets and Liquid facets promote Delta endocytosis and Delta signaling in the signaling cells.

    Overstreet, Erin / Fitch, Erin / Fischer, Janice A

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2004  Volume 131, Issue 21, Page(s) 5355–5366

    Abstract: Endocytosis modulates the Notch signaling pathway in both the signaling and receiving cells. One recent hypothesis is that endocytosis of the ligand Delta by the signaling cells is essential for Notch activation in the receiving cells. Here, we present ... ...

    Abstract Endocytosis modulates the Notch signaling pathway in both the signaling and receiving cells. One recent hypothesis is that endocytosis of the ligand Delta by the signaling cells is essential for Notch activation in the receiving cells. Here, we present evidence in strong support of this model. We show that in the developing Drosophila eye Fat facets (Faf), a deubiquitinating enzyme, and its substrate Liquid facets (Lqf), an endocytic epsin, promote Delta internalization and Delta signaling in the signaling cells. We demonstrate that while Lqf is necessary for three different Notch/Delta signaling events at the morphogenetic furrow, Faf is essential only for one: Delta signaling by photoreceptor precluster cells, which prevents recruitment of ectopic neurons. In addition, we show that the ubiquitin-ligase Neuralized (Neur), which ubiquitinates Delta, functions in the signaling cells with Faf and Lqf. The results presented bolster one model for Neur function in which Neur enhances Delta signaling by stimulating Delta internalization in the signaling cells. We propose that Faf plays a role similar to that of Neur in the Delta signaling cells. By deubiquitinating Lqf, which enhances the efficiency of Delta internalization, Faf stimulates Delta signaling.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Eye/cytology ; Eye/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Drosophila Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lqf protein, Drosophila ; Membrane Proteins ; N protein, Drosophila ; Receptors, Notch ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; delta protein ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; neur protein, Drosophila (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; ubiquitin-Nalpha-protein hydrolase (EC 3.4.99.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-10-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.01434
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  10. Article: Somatic

    Miller, Katherine E / Koboldt, Daniel C / Schieffer, Kathleen M / Bedrosian, Tracy A / Crist, Erin / Sheline, Adrienne / Leraas, Kristen / Magrini, Vincent / Zhong, Huachun / Brennan, Patrick / Bush, Jocelyn / Fitch, James / Bir, Natalie / Miller, Anthony R / Cottrell, Catherine E / Leonard, Jeffrey / Pindrik, Jonathan A / Rusin, Jerome A / Shah, Summit H /
    White, Peter / Wilson, Richard K / Mardis, Elaine R / Pierson, Christopher R / Ostendorf, Adam P

    Neurology. Genetics

    2020  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) e460

    Abstract: Objective: Many genetic studies of intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients primarily focus on inherited, constitutional genetic deficiencies identified in patient blood. Recently, studies have revealed somatic mosaicism associated with epilepsy in ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Many genetic studies of intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients primarily focus on inherited, constitutional genetic deficiencies identified in patient blood. Recently, studies have revealed somatic mosaicism associated with epilepsy in which genetic variants are present only in a subset of brain cells. We hypothesize that tissue-specific, somatic mosaicism represents an important genetic etiology in epilepsy and aim to discover somatic alterations in epilepsy-affected brain tissue.
    Methods: We have pursued a research study to identify brain somatic mosaicism, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, in patients with treatment refractory epilepsy who have undergone surgical resection of affected brain tissue.
    Results: We used an integrated combination of NGS techniques and conventional approaches (radiology, histopathology, and electrophysiology) to comprehensively characterize multiple brain regions from a single patient with intractable epilepsy. We present a 3-year-old male patient with West syndrome and intractable tonic seizures in whom we identified a pathogenic frameshift somatic variant in
    Conclusions: Our findings support the importance of tissue-based sequencing and highlight a correlation in our patient between
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2818607-2
    ISSN 2376-7839
    ISSN 2376-7839
    DOI 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000460
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